The 2004 Pacific typhoon season was an extremely active season that featured the second-highest ACE ever recorded in a single season, second only to 1997, which featured 29 named storms, nineteen typhoons, and six super typhoons. It was an event in the annual cycle of tropical cyclone formation, in which tropical cyclones form in the western Pacific Ocean. The season ran throughout 2004,[1] though most tropical cyclones typically develop between May and October. The season's first named storm and also the first typhoon, Sudal, developed on April 4, later was reached typhoon status two days later, and became the first super typhoon of the year three days later.[nb 1] The season's last named storm, Noru, dissipated on December 22.
The scope of this article is limited to the Pacific Ocean to the north of the equator between 100°E and 180th meridian. Within the northwestern Pacific Ocean, there are two separate agencies that assign names to tropical cyclones, which can often result in a cyclone having two names. The Japan Meteorological Agency(JMA)[nb 2] names a tropical cyclone should it be judged to have 10-minute sustained wind speeds of at least 65km/h (40mph) anywhere in the basin, whilst the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration(PAGASA) assigns names to tropical cyclones which move into or form as a tropical depression in their area of responsibility located between 135°E and 115°E and between 5°N and 25°N, regardless of whether or not a tropical cyclone has already been given a name by the JMA. Tropical depressions that are monitored by the United States' Joint Typhoon Warning Center(JTWC)[nb 3] are given a number with a "W" suffix.
The activity of the season was extremely high, while the impacts of the typhoons were damaging and deadly, including four consecutive typhoons that struck them in the Philippines. In August, Typhoon Rananim struck Taiwan and China causing widespread damage, killing 169 people and with an estimated $2.44 billion (USD 2004) in damage. Typhoon Aere also caused heavy damage in China after Rananim killed 107 people there with minimal damage. Typhoon Songda was the costliest typhoon of the season to hit Japan, with damage estimated at $9.3 billion (US$2004)[nb 4] and 28 people killed. In October, Typhoon Tokage hit Japan as a tropical storm, causing a total of 95 deaths and damage estimated at $2.3 billion (2004 USD). Tropical Depression Winnie struck the Philippines killing a total of 1,593 people, making Winnie the deadliest storm of the season since Tropical Storm Thelma in 1991. After the month of November, the seasonal activity onwards decreased. The activity during the month included two typhoons. Muifa struck the Philippines after Winnie, killing 68 people and subsequently bringing heavy rains to Thailand killing 40 people. The fourth and last consecutive typhoon to hit the Philippines was Nanmadol which made landfall as a Category 4 typhoon in that country, killing a total of 77 people.
The Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE) index of this season amounted to 60% above the normal level for Pacific typhoon seasons, calculated by Colorado State University using data from the Joint Typhoon Warning Center to be 480.6units.[5] This makes the season the second-most intense Pacific typhoon season in recorded history, only after 1997.[6] Broadly speaking, ACE is a measure of the power of a tropical or subtropical storm multiplied by the length of time it existed. It is only calculated for full advisories on specific tropical and subtropical systems reaching or exceeding wind speeds of 39 miles per hour (63km/h).
The first tropical storm of the 2004 Pacific typhoon season developed on February 10 west of Chuuk. It tracked to the west, organizing slowly due to persistent vertical wind shear. On February 13 and 14, the depression executed a clockwise loop. When the storm turned to the southwest, the wind shear overcame it, and the cyclone dissipated on February 19. The remnants of Tropical Depression Ambo dissipated, affecting Luzon by bringing flash floods and heavy rainfall on February 20 until February 22.
The near-equatorial trough spawned a tropical disturbance east of the Philippines late on March 13. It rapidly moved northwest as it became a tropical depression in the afternoon hours of the next day. Due to warm waters and moderate convection, it rapidly intensified, with a brief turn to the southwest. On March 17, it reached peak intensity as a tropical storm, with the PAGASA naming it as Butchoy. The system rapidly weakened on March 19, just before the storm was about to hit the Philippines. A weak trough brought it northward, where dry air and vertical shear caused it to dissipate on March 23.[7]
On April 5, Tropical Depression 03W began its life between Chuuk and Pohnpei. As it drifted to the northwest, it strengthened into a tropical storm. Sudal turned to the west, and steadily intensified to become a typhoon on April 6. On the April 9, with maximum sustained winds of 115kn/130mph, Typhoon Sudal hit the island of Yap. After ravaging the island, Sudal reached a peak of 130kn/150mph winds. The typhoon turned to the northeast and became extratropical early on April 16.[8]
Yap experienced catastrophic damage, with 90% of buildings destroyed, 1,500 left homeless, but fortunately no fatalities. Sudal is a Korean word meaning otter.
A monsoon trough spawned Tropical Depression 04W east of the Philippines on May 13. The depression quickly strengthened, reaching tropical storm intensity on May 14 and typhoon status just six hours later. On May 15 and 16 while moving northwest towards the Philippine coast, Nida rapidly intensified to a 140kn/160mph super typhoon, and crossed the eastern Philippines shortly thereafter. Nida weakened slightly over the islands, and began to move to the north and northeast in response to a break in the subtropical ridge. It became extratropical on May 21 east of Japan, after causing 31 deaths and about $1.3million in damage. Nida is a Thai female name.
In the Philippines, evacuation centers were opened to accommodate 2,986people. The typhoon approach canceled ferry operations stranding 15,057 passengers.[9] In Taiwan, forecasters at the Central Weather Bureau issued a typhoon warning as forecast models predicted a high probability of the typhoon hitting Taiwan.[10]
A small tropical disturbance rapidly formed, moving southwest on May 12. The small system rapidly built up on May 13. The next day, the JTWC classified it as Tropical Depression 05W. 05W moved west, affecting Vietnam and reached peak intensity as a tropical storm on May 15 and 16. With two other systems in the Western Pacific, Typhoon Nida and Tropical Storm Omais, 05W turned eastwards, weakening on May 17. Dissipating on May 18, and due to the strong pull of the outflow of Typhoon Nida at peak intensity, the remnants of 05W rapidly moved and was located about east of Philippines and was absorbed by a trough on May 20. The circulation fully dissipated on May 25 as it was absorbed by a monsoonal trough.
A tropical disturbance southwest of Chuuk organized into a tropical depression on May 16, one of 3 active tropical cyclones in the Western Pacific at the time. The depression developed quickly, reaching tropical storm status later that day and reaching a peak of 60kn/70mph winds three days later on May 19. A weakening ridge brought Omais northward, where it became extratropical on May 22.
Operationally, Omais was classified as a typhoon, but in post-analysis, it was dropped to a severe tropical storm. Omais is a Palauan word meaning 'wandering around'.
In the South China Sea, a stationary area of disturbed weather developed into Tropical Depression 07W on June 4. It tracked eastward then northeastward, becoming a tropical storm on June 5 and a typhoon on June 7. Conson passed between Luzon and Taiwan, and peaked with 100kn/115mph winds on June 9. Conson weakened as it continued northeastward, and became extratropical on June 11 near Japan without causing any reported damage. Conson is an area in Vietnam containing many historical monuments.
Originating from an area of low pressure on June 5, 2004, Chanthu was first declared a tropical depression near southern Leyte Island, in the Philippines, on June 7. Tracking west-northwestward, the depression intensified into a tropical storm over the central Philippines before entering the South China Sea. Once over the warm waters of the sea, the system quickly intensified, attaining its peak 10-minute winds of 110km/h (68mph) and 1-minute winds of 140km/h (87mph). On June 12, the storm made landfall in Vietnam before quickly weakening over land. By June 13, the system had weakened to a tropical depression and dissipated two days later.[11]
In Vietnam, Chanthu wrought substantial damage and killed 38 people.[12] Damage from the storm was estimated at 125billionVietnam dong (US$7.9million), mostly from agricultural losses.[13] The remnants of Chanthu also brought heavy rains to Cambodia, estimated to have exceeded 400mm (16in).[11]
Tropical Depression 09W, which developed from the monsoon trough on June 13, headed north in the open Western Pacific. On the June 15 and 16, Dianmu rapidly intensified from a 70kn/80mph typhoon to a 155kn/180mph super typhoon, one of nine typhoons since 1990 to reach that intensity. It lost some organization on June 18, but re-strengthened on June 19 to a super typhoon while south of Okinawa. Some dry air weakened Dianmu as it continued its northward movement, and hit southern Japan as a 55kn/65mph tropical storm on June 21. Dianmu became extratropical that night after causing 3 deaths. Dianmu is the name of the goddess of thunder and lightning in Chinese folklore.
The monsoon trough spawned a tropical depression on June 23 near Guam. It tracked westward, becoming a tropical storm that night but slowly strengthening as it continued westward due to vertical wind shear. When the shear abated, Mindulle quickly intensified, reaching typhoon strength on June 27 and peaking at 125kn/145mph winds on June 28. Land interaction with Luzon to its south weakened Mindulle, and the typhoon weakened as it turned northward. On July 1, Mindulle hit eastern Taiwan, and after accelerating to the northeast became extratropical near South Korea on July 4.
Mindulle caused 56 deaths, with $833million in damage in its path (2004USD). Mindulle is the Korean word for the dandelion.
Tropical Depression 11W, which developed from the monsoon trough on June 25, steadily strengthened as it tracked to the northwest, and reached tropical storm status on June 26. Tingting passed Saipan on June 27, and reached typhoon status early on June 28. After maximum sustained winds peaked at 80kn/90mph, the typhoon turned to the northeast, where it became extratropical on July 3 after causing 3 deaths on Saipan. Tingting is a pet name for young girls in Chinese.
A non-tropical system formed south of an upper-level vortex on July 3. It moved west until it weakened due to an intensifying high-pressure area north of it on July 8. The next day, it regenerated and strengthened into a tropical disturbance. Late on July 11, it entered in a place of favorable environments until it became a Tropical Depression 12W early on July 12. Area of thunderstorms and convection organized into Tropical Depression 12W on July 13. Under high vertical shear and with a very small circulation, it was not expected to strengthen further. However, as it tracked erratically westward, it intensified, peaking with 40kn/50mph winds on July 14. Kompasu turned northward, hit the eastern part of Hong Kong directly as a minimal tropical storm, and dissipated on July 16. Kompasu is the Japanese word for compass, and the name of the constellationCircinus.
Tropical Storm Namtheun, which formed on July 24, rapidly intensified on July 26 to a 115kn/135mph typhoon. Dry air approached the system from the south, and it weakened as it tracked northwest towards Japan. On July 31, Namtheun struck southwest Japan as a 55kn/65mph tropical storm, and became extratropical in the Sea of Japan on August 1. The storm caused no deaths or damage, with only 6 injuries. Namtheun is the name of a river in Laos.
A low-pressure area formed from the outflow of Typhoon Namtheun on July 29. An area of convection under moderate to high vertical wind shear developed into a tropical depression southeast of Japan on August 4. It became a minimal tropical storm before hitting central Japan on the night of August 4. Malou turned to the northeast and became extratropical in the Sea of Japan on August 5. Malou is the Chinese name for the mineral agate.
Typhoon Meranti originated out of an area of low pressure about 475km (295mi) south of Wake Island on August2.[14] Little deep convection accompanied the weak system despite being situated within an area of moderate diffluence and weak to moderate wind shear. Initially, the system was thought to have been much closer to Wake Island; however, following the development of deep convection, the location of the center of circulation was corrected.[15] Around 0000UTC on August3, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), the Regional Specialized Meteorological Center for the western Pacific basin, designated the system as a tropical depression.[16] Development continued as the depression moved into an area of divergence near a tropical upper-tropospheric trough cell.[15] Several hours after the JMA issued their advisory on the depression, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert, stating that the system was likely to develop into a tropical storm within 24hours.[14] Later on August3, the JTWC issued their first advisory on the storm, classifying it as Tropical Depression 14W.[14] Located to the west of a mid-level ridge, the depression was steered towards the north.[15] Early the next day, the JTWC upgraded 14W to a tropical storm;[14] the JMA later upgraded it to a tropical storm around 1200UTC. At that time, the storm received the name Meranti,[16] a name that was contributed by Malaysia and refers to a type of tree. Little intensification took place until August5, at which time convection became increasingly organized and underwent a brief period of rapid intensification.[15] By 1200UTC, both the JMA and JTWC upgraded Meranti to a typhoon. Several hours later, the storm reached its peak intensity; the JMA assessed it to have had winds of 140km/h (87mph)10-minute winds)[16] while the JTWC assessed it to have attained Category 2 status on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane scale with winds of 165km/h (103mph).[14]
Upon attaining typhoon status, Meranti turned towards the northeast in response to a strengthening near-equatorial ridge south of the typhoon. Visible satellite images of the typhoon depicted a small, ragged eye within a well-developed cyclone. Gale-force winds extended 155km (96mi) at this time. Well-developed outflow allowed the storm to maintain its peak intensity for roughly 18hours before dry air became entrained in the circulation.[15] The combined effects of decreasing sea surface temperatures and increasing wind shear caused Meranti to quickly weaken.[14] By 0600UTC on August6, the eye was no longer visible on satellite imagery and several hours later deep convection rapidly diminished, leading to both agencies downgrading the typhoon to a tropical storm.[15] Later on August6, the weakening trend briefly halted as outflow significantly improved due to an area of low pressure north of Meranti. However, wind shear drastically increased, displacing convection to the northwest of the circulation center. By this time, the storm began to undergo an extratropical transition. Due to the influence of a major shortwave trough approaching from the west, Meranti took a sharp northward turn.[15] The JTWC issued their final advisory on the weakening cyclone around 0600UTC on August8.[14] The JMA continued to monitor Meranti as a tropical cyclone until August9. Shortly after becoming extratropical, the remnants of the storm executed a slow, counter-clockwise loop until August12.[16] Shortly after crossing the International Date Line on August13, the storm was absorbed by a large non-tropical low over the Bering Sea.[17]
As Typhoon Meranti never threatened any land masses, no watches or warnings were issued in response to the storm. Although Meranti passed near Wake Island as a tropical depression, no effects were recorded.
On August 5, the JTWC began monitoring a persistent area of convection to the north-northwest of Guam;[18] accompanied by a low-pressure system, the disturbance developed into a tropical depression the following day.[19] Tracking in a general north-northwest direction, the depression struggled to maintain convection over its center due to wind shear.[18] By August 10, the system intensified into a typhoon,[19] as its outflow became better defined. The following day, a ragged eye began to develop, fueling further strengthening.[18] Rananim reached its peak intensity on August 11 with winds of 150km/h (93mph);[19] the JTWC estimated the system to be slightly stronger, peaking with winds of 165km/h (103mph).[20] As the storm neared landfall, it began to weaken eventually crossing the Chinese coastline near Wenling, Zhejiang Province with winds of 110km/h (68mph).[18][19] Rapid weakening ensued as the system moved inland; Rananim eventually dissipated near central China on August 15.[19]
Throughout eastern China, Rananim produced torrential rainfall, peaking at 703.5mm (27.70in) in Zhejiang, marking a new daily record rainfall in the province. Wind gusts were recorded up to a local record of 211km/h (131mph).[18] A total of 188 people were killed by the storm,[21] mostly due to collapsed homes and landslides; roughly 1,800 were injured and over 18million were affected by Rananim.[18] Economic losses in China amounted to about $2.2billion (USD).[21] Due to the severity of damage wrought by the storm, the name Rananim was retired the following year.
A reverse-oriented monsoon trough extended from the Philippine Sea northeastward for hundreds of miles spawned a disturbed area around 22N/150E late on August 8. A weak tropical depression formed out of this area late on August 9. Deep convection was in a cycling mode, and satellite imagery initially indicated that the system was subtropical in nature. The depression was upgraded to Tropical Storm Malakas as it took on a more tropical appearance about 670miles west-northwest of Wake Island, and it moved northeastward along the northern periphery of the subtropical ridge. By August 12, satellite imagery indicated that Malakas was becoming extratropical. JMA declared the system extratropical on the August 14, placing the weak 25kn/30mph low approximately 575miles north-northwest of Midway Island. Malakas is a Filipino word meaning 'strong' or 'powerful'.[22]
Typhoon Megi was the fourth of eight significant tropical cyclones to form during August. Megi was initially spotted 260miles west of Guam on August 11, slowly developing into Tropical Depression 18W on the August 14, strengthening into a tropical storm on the August 16, and ultimately into a typhoon on the August 18 to the southwest of Japan. Megi moved northwest through the Ryūkyū islands before recurving northeastward towards South Korea and Japan. Megi sped across northern Honshū before completing its transition into a nontropical low off the east coast of Hokkaidō. The resultant ocean cyclone moved rapidly eastward, reaching a point near 42N/174E late on the August 22.
Despite peaking at only minimal typhoon intensity, Megi had a significant impact on both Japan and South Korea. In Japan, the highest storm total rainfall noted was 610mm at Tomisato between August 17 and 21, with 398mm falling in a 24‑hour period. The highest wind gust was 109mph/48.7m/s at Izuhara, Nagasaki early on the August 19. The lowest measured pressure was 974.1mbar at Izuhara. In South Korea, the heaviest 24‑hour rain total was 332.5mm at Wando between late on the August 17 and 18. News reports indicated that five people were reported dead or missing after Typhoon Megi in South Korea. The number left homeless rose to more than 2400. Typhoon Megi left at least ten dead in Japan. Megi's landfall on northern Japan resulted in large blackouts as 130,000 homes were left in the dark. A group of about 165 primary school students were stranded by a Megi-induced landslide in western Japan, though were successfully rescued by helicopter. Megi is the Korean word for the catfish.[22]
Chaba formed on August 18 in the open Western Pacific. It moved westward, strengthening into a tropical storm on August 19 and a typhoon on August 20. Chaba turned to the northwest, and rapidly intensified to a 155kn/180mph super typhoon on the August 22 with an estimated minimum central pressure of 910 mbar, becoming the strongest typhoon of the year. After fluctuating between 100kn/115mph and super typhoon status for several days, Chaba weakened as it turned to the north, and hit the southwestern Japanese island of Honshū. It accelerated to the northeast, and became extratropical on August 31. The storm killed seven people and caused $2 billion in damages. The name "Chaba" was submitted by Cambodia and refers to the Chinese hibiscus.
Aere is the Marshallese word for 'storm'. A tropical disturbance developed into a tropical depression on the 19th about 400miles west of Guam, and moved northwest at 10kn/12mph along the southwestern periphery of a mid-level steering ridge. The system reached tropical storm status on the 20th, gaining the name Aere. Aere subsequently crossed into the Philippine's area of responsibility and was assigned the name Marce. Aere was upgraded to typhoon intensity on the 21st, and its strength leveled off during the 21st and 22nd. On the 23rd, Typhoon Aere was downgraded to a tropical storm briefly due to vertical wind shear while located 200miles south of Naha, Okinawa. Aere quickly regained typhoon strength and maintained intensity for the rest of the 23rd and developed a 50-mile wide eye. Aere reached its peak intensity of 85kn/100mph late on the 24th, when the pressure lowered to 955mb. As the storm crossed the northern tip of Taiwan it began to weaken. Aere turned southwestward later that day, a trajectory that carried the storm past Xiamen early on the 26th and close to Shantou later that day before weakening into a tropical storm. The remnants of Typhoon Aere remained a tropical depression until the 31st.
Early on the 25th, six villages located in Gaoqiao Town, Yinzhou District, Ningbo City, were struck by a tornado triggered by Typhoon Aere. The tornado did cause some economic losses, but no casualties were reported. Preliminary statistics indicated that the typhoon had caused 2.485billion yuan of direct economic losses and was responsible for two deaths in Fujian Province. Aere also affected 3,479,900 residents in 421 towns of 48 counties of 6 cities in Fujian, where three cities were flooded, 10,100 houses were toppled, 236 embankments and thousands of water conservancy facilities were damaged. Thirty-four people were killed in Taiwan as a result of the storm, and fifteen died as a mudslide buried a remote mountain village in the north of the island. Agricultural losses were estimated at 7.7million New Taiwan dollars ($313,000 USD). Forty-three deaths in the Philippines were caused by heavy rains induced by the typhoon. Eight provinces in northern and central Luzon were most severely affected with 70% of the provinces under water at one point.[22]
On August 24, an area of convection with a possible weak low-level circulation center developed approximately 1,125km (699mi) east-southeast of Guam, and was moving slowly towards the west-northwest. It was designated as a tropical depression on August 26 by the JMA.[23] Shortly after, the JTWC designated the system as Tropical Depression 21W.[24] The depression gradually intensified and was upgraded to Tropical Storm 21W by the JTWC early on August 27 when located about 590km (370mi) east of Guam;[22] however, in its post-season analysis, the JTWC would assess 21W peaking as a tropical depression.[24] The depression reached its peak intensity at 0000UTC on August 27 with winds of 55km/h (34mph) and a minimum pressure of 1000hPa (mbar).[23] By later that day, the center had become fully exposed with the deep convection being displaced westward over Guam, due to strong outflow from Typhoon Chaba to its north. The weakening system would dissipate on the 31st when the weak low was located approximately 1,210km (750mi) west of Saipan. No damage or casualties are known to have resulted from the depression.[22]
On August 26, a new area low-pressure system developed roughly 390km (240mi) northeast of Kwajalein.[18] Shortly thereafter, the JMA began monitoring the system as a tropical depression.[19] Light wind shear and favorable diffluence allowed the system to strengthen, prompting the JTWC to issue their first advisory on Tropical Depression 22W the next day.[25] By the morning of August 28, both agencies had upgraded the system to a tropical storm, with the JMA assigning it the name Songda, a branch of the Red River in northern Vietnam.[18] By August 30, the system had intensified into a minimal typhoon.[19] By the following day, the storm had undergone rapid intensification to attain its peak ten-minute sustained and one-minute sustained winds of 175 and 230km/h (109 and 143mph) according to the JMA and JTWC respectively.[19][25]
Over the following days, the powerful storm fluctuated in intensity, during which time it passed through the Northern Mariana Islands. On September 3, the storm briefly entered PAGASA's area of responsibility and was given the local name Nina. Early on September 5, Songda brushed the northern coast of Okinawa Island, where a barometric pressure of 925 mbar (hPa; 27.32inHg) was recorded. Curving towards the northeast, the storm gradually weakened and made landfall near Nagasaki, Japan as a strong typhoon. Accelerating towards the northeast, the system quickly weakened to a tropical storm by the evening on September 7 before transitioning into an extratropical cyclone shortly thereafter.[18] The remnants of Songda were monitored by the JMA until late on September 10, at which time they crossed the International Date Line near the Aleutian Islands.[19]
Throughout Songda's track, several islands were affected; Enewetak Atoll recorded tropical storm-force winds with gusts up to 120km/h (75mph) during the storm's passage. In the Mariana Islands, Agrihan sustained widespread damage, with all crops and structures considered a total loss, leaving $500,000 in monetary losses.[26] Throughout Japan, Songda caused catastrophic damage and significant loss of life, mainly due to rain-related events. The heaviest rains fell in Miyazaki Prefecture, where a station measured 905mm (35.6in) during Songda's passage.[18] Losses from the storm reached $9billion, ranking it as the costliest storm to ever strike the country and one of the most destructive in the western Pacific. Forty-one people were killed by the storm, mainly in Kyūshū.[21]
The name Sarika is originally from a songbird found in Cambodia. JMA classified a tropical depression early on September 4. By the 5th, a typhoon warning was issued for the island of Agrihan. Moving west-northwest along the southern periphery of the subtropical ridge, Tropical Depression 23W was upgraded to Tropical Storm Sarika that day. An upper-level low located to the southeast was providing an efficient eastern outflow channel in addition to the decent equatorial outflow. Rapid intensification ensued for a while with the maximum sustained winds rising to 60kn/70mph late on the 5th, which was the peak intensity for Sarika. By the 6th, Tropical Storm Sarika passed 220miles north of Saipan. Shortly afterward, the system's center made its closest approach to Agrihan, tracking 10miles south of that island. Near-typhoon conditions occurred on both Agrihan and Pagan while tropical storm-force winds were experienced on Alamagan. At its peak Sarika, possessed a very compact wind field with gales extending no further than 90miles from the center while the radius of strongest winds never exceeded 15miles. By the 6th, Sarika had turned westward 100miles west of Agrihan. Early on the 7th, Sarika began to weaken as it entered a hostile shearing environment associated with Typhoon Songda's outflow. Sarika subsequently turned to the north-northwest at 9mph/8kn about 820miles south of Tokyo, Japan while becoming fully exposed. It slowed as it turned northward late on the 7th. The system remained a tropical storm until the 8th when Sarika weakened back into a depression.[27]
Haima is the Chinese word for the sea horse. Early on September 11, an area of thunderstorms was observed 150nmi southwest of Taipei, Taiwan. Later that day, the newly formed tropical depression saw its thunderstorms track across Taiwan, leaving the circulation center behind east of the mountainous isle as it took on a subtropical appearance. The next day, it had strengthened into a tropical storm and was named Haima by the JMA and Ofel by the PAGASA. The JTWC considered the system a tropical depression or subtropical storm, but never a tropical storm. The center track just east of Taiwan on September 12, towards the southeast coast of China. Haima made landfall south of Shanghai on September 13 before turning to the northwest. Haima soon become a completely sheared system due to interaction with the upper-level winds over a frontal zone located to its west, and was declared dissipated the next day.
In China, the lowest reported pressure was 998mb in Yongqiang Town on the 13th and the highest 24‑hour rainfall recorded was 250.8mm in Fuzhou City between September 9 and 10, which set a new September daily rainfall record for the station. In Taiwan, daily rainfall ranged as high as 393mm in Taipei county, and 611.5mm in Taipei City. The highest wind gust reported was 80mph/35.9m/s at Lanyu on the 11th. The storm damaged 78square kilometres of farmland in Zhejiang Province, China, where direct economic losses were estimated to have been over 53million yuan. Torrential rains (Sep 7–10), including those in the monsoonal flow around the pre-Haima depression had caused 54.6million yuan of direct economic losses in Pingtan County and Changle City. In Japan, rainfall and winds were relatively light. In South Korea, the highest 24‑hour rainfall report noted was 104.5mm at Wando between the 11th and 12th.[27]
This system was considered a tropical depression by JMA, PAGASA, the Central Weather Bureau of Taiwan and the Thai Meteorological Department with PAGASA assigning the name Pablo. JTWC released no warnings, but issued a pair of Tropical Cyclone Formation Alerts (TCFA) early on September 17 and 18. Tropical Depression Pablo formed deep in the Philippine Sea east of Mindanao, moved westward across that island, thence turning northwestward and emerging into the South China Sea near the Calamian group. After crossing the Philippine Archipelago, the depression began to slowly weaken but limped across the South China Sea to near the central Vietnamese coastline before dissipating on the 18th where it dropped moderate to heavy rainfall. The maximum winds estimated by any agency were 30kn/35mph.[27]
Late on September 18, an area of convection was noted 510miles east of Guam. On the 20th, Tropical Depression 25W organized out of this mass and was located just 35miles southeast of Guam. 25W turned more westward and began to accelerate as it moved along the southern periphery of a warm-core ridge. On the 21st, the system was upgraded to Tropical Storm Meari. It intensified steadily while moving more northwestward. The system was upgraded to typhoon intensity by late on the 22nd. Typhoon Meari possessed a very asymmetric circulation, elongated somewhat to the north and northeast. Meari became a strong 100-kn/115mph typhoon by late on the 23rd, and was assigned the name Quinta by PAGASA. After reaching 125kn/145mph on the 24th, its strength plateaued for the rest of the day. As it passed 70miles south of Okinawa early on the 26th, Meari was slowly weakening. The cyclone ceased movement on the 27th about 170miles west of Okinawa as it became lodged between two anticyclones. A slow northward drift began later that day and vertical wind shear associated with the subtropical jet stream began to take its toll on Meari. By the 29th, Meari was beginning its approach to the Japanese island of Kyūshū. Typhoon Meari made landfall over the southern tip of Kyūshū around midday local time with maximum sustained winds of 70kn/80mph. Meari weakened back into a tropical storm late on the 29th. The forward motion began to accelerate as Meari increasingly interacted with the westerlies. The system was followed until the 30th, when it became a nontropical low, which continued tracking eastwards through the north Pacific.
The highest wind gust reported was 118mph/52.7m/s in Kagoshima early on the 29th. The lowest pressure measured during the passage of Meari was 975.5mb, also at Kagoshima on the 29th. Three tornadoes were spawned in Japan, with two touching down in Okinawa Prefecture and one in Aichi Prefecture. The heaviest rains in Japan were saved for Osawe, where 904mm fell between late on the 24th and the 30th, with 741mm falling between late on the 28th and 29th. Reports indicate that at least 18people died with several more reported missing as a result of Typhoon Meari. The worst affected areas were the prefectures of Mie and Ehime in Japan where torrential rains caused widespread flooding and mudslides destroyed several homes. Train and ferry services were suspended, stranding thousands of people.[27] Damages from the storm amounted to $798million (2004 USD).
Ma-on formed from a cluster of thunderstorms in the vicinity of Guam on September 29. The small system eventually trekked west-northwesterly. After days of sputtering across the western Pacific, Tropical Depression 26W formed on October 4, and quickly became named Tropical Storm Ma-on. The system became stationary approximately 650nmi southeast of Okinawa, Japan. PAGASA named the cyclone Rolly when it passed the 135th meridian. On the 5th, a northward drift ensued while well southeast of Okinawa. Upon reaching typhoon intensity late on the 6th, Ma-on turned northwest and ultimately became the sixth super typhoon of the year on the 8th while 250miles southeast of Okinawa. The typhoon become the worst storm to hit eastern Japan in over ten years, only a week after Typhoon Meari had made landfall in that nation. Ma-on started to accelerate northeastward and its eye began to shrink in diameter and became more ragged. A slow weakening trend materialized as it entered the early stages of extratropical transition. Recurving northeast at a high rate of translation, Ma-on made landfall on the Izu Peninsula, Japan, late on the 9th with maximum sustained winds of 105kn/120mph as a Category 3 typhoon. Ma-on weakened rapidly and was downgraded to a tropical storm by the 10th, and quickly completed its transformation into a nontropical low. The remnant system moved more east-northeastward away from eastern Japan before slowing its motion 1100miles southeast of Hokkaidō.
Ma-on was one of the most powerful storms to strike eastern Japan over the last ten years, along with Faxai. The highest wind gust reported was 151mph/67.6m/s in Irōzaki late on the 9th. The lowest pressure was also recorded at Irōzaki; 964mb late on the 9th. The typhoon left at least six people dead, and three persons were reported missing. Plane, train and ferry services nationwide were disrupted, stranding thousands of travellers. Heavy downpours also disrupted practice and qualifying sessions for Formula One's Japanese Grand Prix in Suzuka, with the event featuring qualifying and the race in a single day as a result. The highest storm total amount was noted at Omaezaki, where a 413mm deluge was seen between late on the 6th and 9th, with 360mm falling in a 24‑hour period. Rescuers on boats plucked dozens of residents from waterlogged homes in Shizuoka Prefecture.[28] Damages from the storm amounted to $603million (2004 USD).
Tokage is the Japanese word for lizard. On October 12, an area of convection existed 480miles east-southeast of Guam. The system developed into Tropical Depression 27W later that day, moving in a west-northwesterly at 15kn about 200miles east of Guam. On October 13, the system developed into a tropical storm, and was named Tokage, subsequently moving very close to the islands of Rota and Guam. Typhoon intensity was achieved early on October 14 when centered 970miles southeast of Okinawa. Later that day, Tokage briefly turned to the west-southwest. The storm's path curved back to a northwesterly heading by the October 15. The storm curled towards the north as a major shortwave over weakened the subtropical ridge and by October 17, Tokage reached its peak intensity of 125kn/145mph. Weakening began later that day as the storm turned back to a more northwesterly heading towards Okinawa and Japan. On October 18, Typhoon Tokage was 290miles south of Kadena Air Base, Okinawa. Recurvature back to the north-northeast towards Japan ensued while the typhoon slowly weakened. Tokage made its closest approach to Okinawa late on October 19 when it was passed just to the south-southeast. The storm turned to the northeast as continued to accelerate as its extratropical transition began. Tokage made landfall over Tosa-Shimizu, near the southern tip of Shikoku, Japan still at typhoon strength. By October 21, the cyclone weakened into a tropical storm 130nmi west of Tokyo, and later that day, the system completed the transition to a nontropical low. The extratropical remains of Tokage moved rapidly northeastward, crossing the International Date Line around midday on October 23.
The highest measured wind gust was 142mph/63.7m/s at Unzendake, Nagasaki on October 20. The lowest pressure from a land station was 949.4mb at Okinoerabu, Kagoshima late on October 19. The highest rainfall amount noted in Japan was 550mm at Fukuharaasahi between late on October 17 and 21, with 470mm falling within a 24‑hour period. Tokage was regarded as the deadliest storm to strike Japan since Typhoon Bess in 1982. A total of 95 deaths were attributed to high winds, flooding and mudslides caused by Tokage, with an additional three people reported missing. A total of 18,000people were forced to evacuate their homes.[28] Damages from the storm amounted to $3.23billion (2004 USD).
Typhoon Nock-ten originated from a disturbance that formed amongst the Marshall Islands early on October 13 while 45miles west of Kwajalein Atoll. Tropical Depression 28W developed on October 14 about 275miles east-northeast of Pohnpei and moving westward along the southern periphery of the subtropical ridge. The system assumed a more west-northwesterly track, becoming a tropical storm by late on October 16, and was named Nock-ten. Early on October 18, the storm turned southwest and slowed its forward motion. The system strengthened into a typhoon by noon local time and curved back towards the west. Nock-ten soon accelerated and moved more northwesterly, partially due to the remains of Typhoon Tokage. Typhoon Nock-ten passed 160miles south of Guam on October 20. Nock-ten reached its peak intensity of 110kn/125mph on October 23 as it tracked 480miles south of Okinawa. Turning to a northerly track, Typhoon Nock-ten passed closest to Taipei during the afternoon of October 25, lying just off the northeastern tip of Taiwan by evening. The storm weakened and by local midnight the track became north-northeast. Nock-ten's motion to the east-northeast accelerated to 26kn/29mph, and the typhoon had become a nontropical low by the evening of October 26.
Typhoon Nock-ten lashed northern Taiwan with powerful winds and driving rain. The highest 24‑hour rainfall on the island was 322mm in Taipei City between early October 25 and 27. The highest wind gust measured was 122mph/54.4m/s in Lanyu on October 24. Three fatalities occurred as a result of flash flooding. In Japan, the highest rainfall amount was spotted at Tanegashima which recorded 133.5mm between midday October 26 and 27.[28]
The name Muifa is taken from the ume blossom. The disturbance that was to become Typhoon Muifa was noted early on November 14 when located 215nmi north of Palau. It became Tropical Depression 29W later that day and strengthened into a tropical storm by early the 15th when centered 550miles east-southeast of Manila, Philippines. PAGASA assigned the name Unding on the 14th as it passed the 135th meridian. On the 16th, the tropical cyclone started drifting north-northeast. Muifa turned back onto a west-northwest heading and intensified. It reached typhoon intensity on the 17th just prior to beginning a two-day clockwise loop. Late on the 18th, Muifa's intensity peaked at 115kn/130mph still to the east of the Philippines. Muifa made landfall very late on the 19th near Naga City with maximum winds of 70kn/80mph. The system ambled across the Philippine Archipelago, dropping down to tropical storm intensity on the afternoon of the 20th. On the 21st, Muifa regained typhoon intensity in the South China Sea. Now moving west-southwest, early on the 22nd Muifa re-strengthened into a 90-kn/105mph typhoon 440miles east of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Muifa held onto typhoon status until late on the 23rd when its weakened to a tropical storm once more. On the 25th, Tropical Storm Muifa accelerated westward at a 21kn/23mph clip. By early on the 26th, a weakening Tropical Depression Muifa was located 250nmi south of Bangkok, Thailand. Later that day Muifa turned northward into an environment of increased wind shear and dissipated 120nmi south-southwest of Bangkok.
The highest 24‑hour rainfall amount from the Philippines was 246.4mm at Catanduanes between midday the 15th and 16th. The lowest pressure at Naga City was 986.1mb early on the 16th. The death toll reported from the Philippines was 68 dead, 160 injured, and 69 unaccounted for. A total of 26,238 houses were destroyed and 76,062 damaged; total damage reached 1.0089billion pesos. Typhoon Muifa had a destructive impact on Vietnam. The highest 24-hour rainfall amount reported was 251.5mm at Prachuap Khirikhan between the afternoon of the 25th and 26th. Floods and landslides triggered by the typhoon killed about 40people, and 40 more people were reported missing. There were also many villages in the mountains which needed urgent relief but which could not be quickly reached. Hội An, which is the town of world heritage, was hit by the flood, and more than 80 old houses were in danger of collapse.[29]
Tropical Storm Merbok (Violeta)
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (January 2022)
Merbok is the Malaysian word for the spotted-necked dove. This is the first tropical cyclone recognized by the Japan Meteorological Agency, but not Joint Typhoon Warning Center, since Changmi in 2002.
The heaviest rainfall in the Philippines from this cyclone was 185.2mm at Casiguran between midday the 22nd and 23rd.[29]
Tropical Depression Winnie was a large system which brought torrential rains to Luzon, resulting in deadly flashfloods and landslides. Winnie formed east of the central Philippines on the November 27. JMA and the Central Weather Bureau of Taiwan were the only other agencies classifying Winnie as a tropical depression. The system moved west-northwestward over southeastern Luzon on the 29th. After moving well inland over Luzon, Winnie turned to a more north-northwesterly track up the west side of the island and was last mentioned on the 30th when it was located along the northwestern Luzon coast.
According to news reports in the Philippines, 1,404people were killed or left missing[30] during the passage of Tropical Depression Winnie, primarily due to massive flashfloods and landslides in Quezon and Aurora provinces triggered by the attendant heavy rains. The highest rainfall report from this system was 157.8mm from Cabanatuan between midday November 29 and 30.[29] Damages from the storm amounted to $15.8million.[31]
The name Nanmadol is from a famous ruin found on Pohnpei. Super Typhoon Nanmadol developed from a cluster of thunderstorms that was first noted early on November 28 when it was located 155nmi south-southwest of Pohnpei. It developed into Tropical Depression 30W about 690miles east-southeast of Yap, and into Tropical Storm Nanmadol by midday November 29 as it moved westward south of the subtropical ridge. Nanmadol continued to strengthen, reaching typhoon intensity late that day after passing south of Satawal. The storm's track curved to the west-northwest. Late on November 30, the storm passed just north of Yap, bringing typhoon-force gusts and sustained tropical storm strength winds. The tropical cyclone reached its peak intensity of 130kn/150mph midday on December 2, then a super typhoon, 220miles east of Manila, Philippines. Super Typhoon Nanmadol soon arrived at the Luzon coastline. At this time, the system began to lose strength and was downgraded from super typhoon status.
Turning northwestward Typhoon Nanmadol took roughly six hours to cross the island of Luzon, and by early on December 3 had re-emerged back over water. The northwesterly turn took Nanmadol into a weakness in the subtropical ridge before being lured away by a major shortwave trough. Nanmadol weakened markedly during December 3 as it gradually veered more towards the north. The cloud pattern became increasingly asymmetrical as Nanmadol moved east-northeastward across southern Taiwan before becoming extratropical during the afternoon of December 4. Nanmadol became the first known December tropical cyclone for 108years to make landfall on the island. The remnants of Super Typhoon Nanmadol continued to rapidly move to the east-northeast and northeast and ultimately merged with another low-pressure area, forming a powerful extratropical cyclone which brought strong winds and led to unseasonably warm temperatures to Japan.
Because Muifa, Merbok, Winnie, and Nanmadol all occurred within a space of two weeks, the exact number of casualties and total cost of damages is difficult to determine. Nanmadol caused at least 70 fatalities and 157 injuries. Nanmadol destroyed 10,457 houses and damaged 57,435. Agriculture also suffered badly as a result of this typhoon with losses amounting to ₱2.036billion in the Philippines. The maximum rain in the Philippines was 228.1mm at Daet between midday on December 2 and 3. In Taiwan, as much as 907mm fell in Hualien county between early December 3 and 4. Puluowan reported the highest storm total accumulation of 1090mm during the 35-hr period ending on the afternoon of December 4. In China, 106.3mm fell at Dachen Dao between the morning of December 3 and 4. In Taiwan, 2 deaths were reported, and agricultural losses there were estimated to have been NT$670million.[29]
Tropical Depression 31W, which formed on December 10 near Kwajalein, became a tropical storm later that day. Talas moved to the west, peaking at 45kn/50mph before weakening due to lack of outflow. A break in the subtropical ridge allowed Talas to turn northward, where it reached 45kn/50mph winds before dissipating on December 19. Talas is Filipino for 'acuteness' or 'sharpness'.
Between December 10 and 11, Talas produced light rainfall, peaked at 8.4mm (0.33in) in Kwajalein with winds reaching 74km/h (46mph) and gusting to 103km/h (64mph). After passing Kwajelein, the center of Talas brushed Ebeye, producing gale-force winds on the island. Little impact was recorded on Ujae as the storm passed 90km (56mi) south of the island. The most severe damage was on Kwajalein; the newly constructed sandblast shelter was completely destroyed, metal doors at the local high school were blown off and the roof of the school was damaged, several metal buildings throughout the island sustained wind damage. On Ebeye, several homes had their roofs blown off and numerous coconut trees were uprooted. No damage was recorded on Ujae but crop losses were assumed to have occurred. In all, the storm caused $750,000 in damages, mainly due to the sandblast shelter. Following Talas, local governments quickly repaired damages wrought by the storm, costing $300,000.[32]
The final storm of the season, Noru, formed on December 17 to the east-southeast of Saipan. After becoming a tropical storm on December 18 Noru moved to the northwest, where it peaked with 55kn/65mph winds. Noru turned to the northeast, and became extratropical on December 21. Noru is the Korean word for the roe deer.
Between December 19 and 20, Noru brought high winds and heavy rains to the northern Mariana Islands. Upwards of 182mm (7.2in) fell on Saipan, resulting in isolated flooding. Winds gusted up to 95 kilometres per hour (59mph) but little or no wind damage resulted from the storm. No structural damage occurred due to Noru.[33]
Storm names
Within the North-western Pacific Ocean, both the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) and the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration assign names to tropical cyclones that develop in the Western Pacific, which can result in a tropical cyclone having two names.[34] The Japan Meteorological Agency's RSMC Tokyo— Typhoon Center assigns international names to tropical cyclones on behalf of the World Meteorological Organization's Typhoon Committee, should they be judged to have 10-minute sustained windspeeds of 65km/h (40mph).[35] While the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration assigns names to tropical cyclones which move into or form as a tropical depression in their area of responsibility located between 135°E and 115°E and between 5°N-25°N even if the cyclone has had an international name assigned to it.[34] The names of significant tropical cyclones are retired, by both PAGASA and the Typhoon Committee.[35] Should the list of names for the Philippine region be exhausted then names will be taken from an auxiliary list of which the first ten are published each season. Unused names are marked in gray.
During the season 29 named tropical cyclones developed in the Western Pacific and were named by the Japan Meteorological Agency, when it was determined that they had become tropical storms. These names were contributed to a list of a 140 names submitted by the fourteen members nations and territories of the ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee. Each of the names in this list was used for the first time (and only, in the cases of Sudal, Tingting, and Rananim).
Sudal
Nida
Omais
Conson
Chanthu
Dianmu
Mindulle
Tingting
Kompasu
Namtheun
Malou
Meranti
Rananim
Malakas
Megi
Chaba
Aere
Songda
Sarika
Haima
Meari
Ma-on
Tokage
Nock-ten
Muifa
Merbok
Nanmadol
Talas
Noru
Philippines
Ambo
Butchoy
Cosme
Dindo
Enteng
Frank
Gener
Helen
Igme
Julian
Karen
Lawin
Marce
Nina
Ofel
Pablo
Quinta
Rolly
Siony
Tonyo
Unding
Violeta
Winnie
Yoyong
Zosimo
Auxiliary list
Alakdan(unused)
Baldo(unused)
Clara(unused)
Dencio(unused)
Estong(unused)
Felipe(unused)
Gardo(unused)
Heling(unused)
Ismael(unused)
Julio(unused)
The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) uses its own naming scheme for tropical cyclones in their area of responsibility. PAGASA assigns names to tropical depressions that form within their area of responsibility and any tropical cyclone that might move into their area of responsibility. Should the list of names for a given year prove to be insufficient, names are taken from an auxiliary list, the first 10 of which are published each year before the season starts.
As this was the fourth set of a new set of names that was implemented by PAGASA since 2001, each of the names in the main list was used for the first time (and only, in the cases of Violeta and Winnie), except for Unding, which was carried from the previous lists.
The names Sudal, Tingting and Rananim were retired by the ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee. The names Mirinae, Lionrock and Fanapi were chosen to replace Sudal, Tingting and Rananim respectively.
During the season, PAGASA announced that they are going to remove the names Unding, Violeta and Winnie after the said storms caused more than 1 billion in damages. In 2008, they will be replaced with Ulysses, Vicky and Warren respectively. Although Typhoon Yoyong caused a substantial amount of damage, the name Yoyong was not retired following the season.
Season effects
This is a table of the storms in 2004 and their landfalls, if any. Damage and deaths include totals while the storm was extratropical or a wave or low. The information below is mainly from the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Names in parentheses are those assigned by PAGASA.
↑ The Joint Typhoon Warning Center is a joint United States Navy– United States Air Force task force that issues tropical cyclone warnings for the western Pacific Ocean and other regions.[3]
↑ All damage totals are valued as of 2004 and in United States dollars, unless otherwise noted.
Related Research Articles
The 2005 Pacific typhoon season was the least active typhoon season since 2000, producing 23 named storms, of which 13 became typhoons. It was an event in the annual cycle of tropical cyclone formation, in which tropical cyclones form in the western Pacific Ocean. The season ran throughout 2005, though most tropical cyclones typically develop between May and October. The season's first named storm, Kulap, developed on January 13, while the season's last named storm, Bolaven, dissipated on November 20. The season's first typhoon, Haitang, reached typhoon status on July 13, and became the first super typhoon of the year three days later.
The 2006 Pacific typhoon season was a destructive and deadly season, although it was near-average in terms of activity with a total of 23 named storms, 15 typhoons, and six super typhoons. Compared to the previous season, more typhoons inflicted damage across several countries, particularly China and the Philippines, some of which made landfall at higher intensities. The ratio of intense typhoons to all typhoons is at 0.73, the highest since 1970.
The 2003 Pacific typhoon season was a slightly below average yearlong period of tropical cyclogenesis exhibiting the development of 45 tropical depressions, of which 21 became named storms; of those, 14 became typhoons. Though every month with the exception of February and March featured tropical activity, most storms developed from May through October. During the season, tropical cyclones affected the Philippines, Japan, China, the Korean Peninsula, Indochina, and various islands in the western Pacific.
The 1992 Pacific typhoon season was the fourth consecutive above-average season, producing 31 tropical storms, 16 typhoons and five super typhoons. It had no official bounds; it ran year-round in 1992. Despite this, most tropical cyclones tend to form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between May and November. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.
The 1988 Pacific typhoon season was a very active season in terms of named storms, though it only featured 11 typhoons and 1 super typhoon. It had no official bounds; it ran year-round in 1988, but most tropical cyclones formed between May and November. Tropical storms that formed in the entire west Pacific basin were assigned a name by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Tropical depressions that enter or form in the Philippine area of responsibility are assigned a name by the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration or PAGASA. This can often result in the same storm having two names.
The 1987 Pacific typhoon season was a below average season, though it featured a relatively high amount of typhoons. It had no official bounds; it ran year-round in 1987, but most tropical cyclones formed between May and November. Tropical storms that formed in the entire basin were assigned a name by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Tropical depressions that enter or form in the Philippine area of responsibility are assigned a name by the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration or PAGASA. This can often result in the same storm having two names.
The 1980 Pacific typhoon season was a slightly-below average season when compared to the long-term average, though it featured several intense storms. It ran year-round in 1980, but most tropical cyclones formed between June and December. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. A total of 28 tropical depressions formed this year in the Western Pacific, of which 24 became tropical storms and were assigned a name by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Beginning in March, tropical cyclones formed in each subsequent month through December. Of the 24 named storms, 15 storms reached typhoon intensity, of which 2 reached super typhoon strength.
Typhoon Muifa, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Unding, was a strong typhoon during the 2004 Pacific typhoon season. The name Muifa is taken from the ume blossom.
The 2008 Pacific typhoon season was a below average season which featured 22 named storms, eleven typhoons, and two super typhoons. The season had no official bounds; it ran year-round in 2008, but most tropical cyclones tend to form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between May and November. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.
Typhoon Rammasun, known in the Philippines as Super Typhoon Butchoy, was recognized as the second typhoon of the 2008 Pacific typhoon season by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) and the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA). Rammasun was also recognised as the third tropical storm, the second typhoon and the first super typhoon of the 2008 Pacific typhoon season by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC).
The 2011 Pacific typhoon season was a below average season that produced a total of 21 named storms, 8 typhoons, and four super typhoons. This season was much more active than the previous season, although both seasons were below the Pacific typhoon average of 26. The season ran throughout 2011, though most tropical cyclone tend to develop between May and October. The season's first named storm, Aere, developed on May 7 while the season's last named storm, Washi dissipated on December 19.
The 2016 Pacific typhoon season is considered to have been the fourth-latest start for a Pacific typhoon season since reliable records began. It was an average season, with a total of 26 named storms, 13 typhoons, and six super typhoons. The season ran throughout 2016, though typically most tropical cyclones develop between May and October. The season's first named storm, Nepartak, developed on July 3, while the season's last named storm, Nock-ten, dissipated on December 28.
Typhoon Kujira, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Amang, was a long-lived tropical cyclone that lasted for 16 days and affected the island nations of Micronesia, Taiwan, and Japan in April 2003, as well as the earliest typhoon in a calendar year to ever make landfall on the latter. Forming from a broad area of disturbed weather as a tropical depression on April 9 well removed from any landmasses, Kujira quickly intensified in its early stages, and was upgraded to a tropical storm just two days after cyclogenesis. Strengthening slowed afterwards, though the storm attained typhoon intensity on April 14. Intensification continued and late on April 15, Kujira reached its peak intensity with winds of 165 km/h (103 mph) and a minimum barometric pressure of 930 mbar. Following peak intensity, Kujira began to track northwest and oscillate in strength, cresting an additional two times in intensity. On April 21, the typhoon was downgraded to tropical storm intensity and began to track erratically for several days east of Taiwan. However, on April 24, Kujira resumed a northward track and begin to weaken, and on April 24 was downgraded to tropical depression strength as it made landfall on Kyushu. Following landfall Kujira transitioned into an extratropical cyclone and continued to persist before these extratropical remnants crossed the International Dateline towards the end of April 2003.
This timeline documents all of the events of the 2011 Pacific typhoon season, the period that tropical cyclones formed in the Western Pacific Ocean in 2011. Most of the tropical cyclones formed between May and November 2011. The scope of this article is limited to the Pacific Ocean, north of the equator between 100°E and the International Date Line. Tropical storms that form in the entire Western Pacific basin are assigned a name by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA). Tropical depressions that form in this basin are given a number with a "W" suffix by the United States' Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC). In addition, the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) assigns names to tropical cyclones that enter or form in the Philippine area of responsibility. These names, however, are not in common use outside of the Philippines.
This timeline documents all of the events of the 2014 Pacific typhoon season. Most of the tropical cyclones forming between May and November. The scope of this article is limited to the Pacific Ocean, north of the equator between 100°E and the International Date Line. Tropical storms that form in the entire Western Pacific basin are assigned a name by the Japan Meteorological Agency. Tropical depressions that form in this basin are given a number with a "W" suffix by the United States' Joint Typhoon Warning Center. In addition, the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) assigns names to tropical cyclones that enter or form in the Philippine area of responsibility. These names, however, are not in common use outside of the Philippines.
Typhoon Nanmadol, known in the Philippines as Super Typhoon Yoyong, was the last of four consecutive tropical cyclones to strike the Philippines in 2004. A quickly moving system, Nanmadol brought heavy rainfall and strong winds over the same regions impacted by the previous storms, exacerbating flood conditions in Luzon and surrounding regions. Together Nanmadol and these systems accounted for around 1,000 deaths in the Philippines. The typhoon later became the first December tropical cyclone to strike Taiwan since record keeping began, bringing along with it heavy rain, which also affected nearby regions of eastern China. As an extratropical storm, Nanmadol brought gusty winds and rain to Japan.
Typhoon Tokage, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Siony, was the deadliest typhoon to strike Japan since Typhoon Bess in 1982. The twenty-third storm to be named using an international list of names during the 2004 Pacific typhoon season, Tokage was the last of three typhoons to impact Japan from late-September to mid-October 2004. Typhoon Tokage began as a tropical depression near the Northern Mariana Islands on October 10. With very warm waters, the system started to undergo a rapid deepening phase early on October 13 and reached its peak strength on the 17th. Tokage made landfall over Japan on October 20, just before becoming extratropical.
This timeline documents all of the events of the 2015 Pacific typhoon season. Most of the tropical cyclones formed between May and November. The scope of this article is limited to the Pacific Ocean, north of the equator between 100°E and the International Date Line. This area, called the Western Pacific basin, is the responsibility of the Japanese Meteorological Agency (JMA). They host and operate the Regional Specialized Meteorological Center (RSMC), located in Tokyo. The Japanese Meteorological Agency (JMA) is also responsible for assigning names to all tropical storms that are formed within the basin. However, any storm that enters or forms in the Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR) will be named by the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) using a local name. Also of note - the Western Pacific basin is monitored by the United States' Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC), which gives all Tropical depressions a number with a "W" suffix.
Severe Tropical Storm Nanmadol, known in the Philippines as Severe Tropical Storm Emong, was a tropical cyclone that impacted southern Japan during July 2017. Nanmadol developed over in the Philippine Sea as a tropical depression on July 1, and strengthened into the third named storm of the 2017 typhoon season on July 3. After gaining organization, the system rapidly developed and intensified into a severe tropical storm and reached its peak intensity with a 10-minute maximum sustained winds of 100 km/h (62 mph) and a minimum barometric pressure of 985 hPa (29.1 inHg). On July 4, Nanmadol turned eastwards and made landfall near Nagasaki, Kyushu, just before it transitioned into an extratropical cyclone.
The 2022 Pacific typhoon season was the third consecutive season to have below average tropical cyclone activity, with twenty-five named storms forming. Of the tropical storms, ten became typhoons, and three would intensify into super typhoons. The season saw near-average activity by named storm count, although many of the storms were weak and short-lived, particularly towards the end of the season. This low activity was caused by an unusually strong La Niña that had persisted from 2020. The season's first named storm, Malakas, developed on April 6, while the last named storm, Pakhar, dissipated on December 12. The season's first typhoon, Malakas, reached typhoon status on April 12. The season ran throughout 2022, though most tropical cyclones typically develop between May and October. Tropical storms Megi and Nalgae were responsible for more than half of the casualties, while typhoons Hinnamnor and Nanmadol both caused $1 billion in damages.
↑ Frequently Asked Questions (Report). Joint Typhoon Warning Center. August 13, 2012. Archived from the original on October 4, 2013. Retrieved September 22, 2012.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply. Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.
