The 1962 Pacific typhoon season had no official bounds; there was activity in every month but January, March, and June, but most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between May and November and this conventionally delimits the season.[1]
The majority of the Pacific typhoons in 1962 formed in the Pacific Ocean north of the equator and west of the International Date Line with two exceptions: Tropical Depressions Fifty and Sixty-three formed in the Central Pacific. All tropical depressions are assigned a number. Most systems reaching tropical storm strength were assigned a name; all typhoons were named.
Seasonal summary
Timeline of tropical activity in the 1962 Pacific typhoon season
Ruth, Sarah, Thelma and Vera on August 23
Ninety tropical waves formed in the 1962 season. Only 78 of these became major easterly waves. 38 of these waves became tropical depressions, 30 became storms and 23 become typhoons. This record of 24 typhoons beat 1952 record which had 21. This record was beaten in the 1964 season with 26 typhoons. Six super typhoons formed in 1962 which were Georgia, Emma, Ruth, Opal, Amy and Karen. Even with the high activity, only about half the cyclones in 1962 made landfall. There were also seventeen suspect cyclones discovered by the JTWC in post-season reports. Three were reported to reach typhoon intensity, three at tropical storm status and two needed tropical depression warnings.[2]
Two depressions, 50 and 63, formed in the Central Pacific under the Joint Hurricane Warning Center's (now The Central Pacific Hurricane Center) jurisdiction and were included in the JTWC archives. Both depressions stayed out to sea and had no effects on land. The Central Pacific also got Nora, Opal, Ruth, Gilda, Emma and Thelma, the remnants of Nadine and the ending of Karen near the end of the season.[2][3] Six typhoons entered the Bering Sea: Nora, Opal, Ruth, Thelma, Amy and Emma. Four of the six were super typhoons. Three typhoons just missed entering the Bering Sea: Typhoons Hope, Sarah and Gilda. Also, Typhoons Georgia, Hope, Joan, Nora, Opal, Ruth, Thelma, Wanda, Amy, Emma, Gilda, Jean and Karen all lasted for at least one week with Opal lasting for eighteen straight days from a wave to the day the JMA ceased advisories.[4]
The second tropical wave of the season formed on the morning of February2 off the southeastern coast of the Philippines. The storm quickly intensified into a tropical depression and soon into the first tropical storm of the 1962season. The intensifying tropical cyclone went through the latter half of February2 as a 45mph (72km/h) tropical storm, progressing southwest towards Indonesia. However, on the early morning of February3, the storm curved to the northeast and away from Indonesia. The strength remained unchanged during the day and before long reached its peak winds speeds of 50mph (80km/h). Continuing northward away from the coast of the Philippines, Fran remained at peak winds until the evening of February4. During the morning hours of February5, Fran dropped down to 45mph (72km/h) tropical storm and continued northward, weakening to 40mph (64km/h). On the morning of February 6, Fran weakened into a tropical depression and the final advisory was released six hours after.[5]
A surge from an outdraft in the Southern Hemisphere entered the western Pacific on the afternoon of April13. This surge began to come together near the island of Woleai and progressed northwestward through the Pacific. After crossing over Woleai, the system neared the island of Yap and began forming into the second tropical depression of the 1962season. On the afternoon of April16, the system was declared a tropical depression. The depression made a curve to the south during the north and early on April17 reconnaissance aircraft found surface winds of 65mph (105km/h). The storm was upgraded to a tropical storm on April17 as the system continued curving, turning to the east. An eye began to form during the afternoon, it got to be 50 miles (80km) wide. The developing cyclone was declared a typhoon on the afternoon with winds of 85mph (137km/h). By the morning of April18, Georgia had curved again, now to the north, gaining strength and developing an elliptical eye. Through the afternoon of April18, Georgia continued to strengthen, reaching Category2 status during the morning. Rapid strengthening and development continued through the afternoon, with minimum pressures of 952millibars on the surface reported.[2]
Entering the morning of April19, Georgia began forming a well-defined eye, having already strengthened into a Category3 cyclone. Intensification continued throughout the day with sustained winds reaching 145mph (233km/h) by the end of the day. The next morning, Typhoon Georgia reached its peak sustained winds of 150mph (240km/h) just west of the island of Guam. The lowest minimum pressure recorded at that point was 930millibars. The typhoon retained its strength for most of April20, but in the late afternoon, the system began to weaken as it entered colder waters. Georgia curved to the northeast and slowly weakened during April21, by the end of the day, the eye was beginning to come apart. During the morning of April22, surface winds were reported at only 90mph (140km/h) and sustained winds soon followed. The cold waters continued to take its toll on the system, becoming a minimal Category1 typhoon by the evening with no well-defined eye. On the morning of April23, Georgia weakened into a tropical storm and slowly weakened during the day as it began a transition into an extratropical cyclone. On the morning of April24, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center ceased following the storm as it had become extratropical with winds of 60mph (97km/h).[2]
The extratropical remnants of Georgia continued northward east of the coast of Japan. On April26, the extratropical remnants passed to the southeast of the Kamchatka Peninsula. During the day, the system curved once again, turning westward before another curve to the south. During the day on April27, the system returned to its northeastern pattern before dissipating on April29, southeast of the peninsula.[4]
In its wake, the predecessor system to Typhoon Georgia left 9.85in (250mm) in rainfall over Yap Island, where no damage was recorded.[6] Reported damages caused by Typhoon Georgia were limited. The only report was a ship and its cargo in the Pacific suffered $28,000 in damages (1962USD).[2]
A surge from the easterlies came in contact with a polar trough on May13, creating an easterly wave which began developing in the afternoon near the island of Koror. The wave progressed northwestward away from the island and continued developing over the next few days. On May16, the wave was upgraded to a tropical storm, the third of the season off the coast of the Philippines with winds of 45mph (72km/h). The storm, named Hope, continued northwestward, peaking first at 60mph (97km/h) before striking several islands over the Philippines. While over land, Tropical Storm Hope weakened to a minimal tropical storm on May17 and into a tropical depression with no circulation later that day. The storm remained a tropical depression over the day, crossing the eastern island of the Philippines. Tropical Depression Hope left the island and began to strengthen back into a minimal tropical storm by May18. However, the storm interacted with land once more and weakened back into a tropical depression on May18.[2]
After leaving the Philippines for the final time, the depression began to develop, becoming a tropical storm for the third time since May16 and developing a small eye. As Tropical Storm Hope turned further northeast, the eye expanded and the storm was soon declared a typhoon by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center late evening on May19. The next day, Hope continued to strengthen and develop, and while just south of Okinawa on May20,[2] peaked at 90mph (140km/h) sustained winds.[7] (Operationally, Typhoon Hope was declared a 100mph (160km/h), Category2 typhoon,[2] but this was demoted in post-analysis.[7]) An internal pressure of 980millibars was recorded within a 30 miles (48km) wide eye. Hope began to encounter cold air near Okinawa, Japan, weakening rapidly from a typhoon to a tropical storm on May21. Hope's eye fell apart and started to begin transition to its extratropical stage. On the morning of May22, Hope's sustained winds fell below tropical storm stage and the system became a tropical depression. By the afternoon, Hope was declared extratropical and the Joint Typhoon Warning Center ceased following the system.[2]
The extratropical remnants of Typhoon Hope continued northeastward towards the coast of Japan on May23. The system turned just offshore and paralleled the eastern coast for several days. After May24, the system begins to leave the Japanese coast in favor of the open Pacific Ocean but made a dart to the north towards the Kuril Islands on May26. The remains turned once again to the northeast, paralleling the Kamchatka Peninsula for the next day. The storm turned offshore again on May27 and disappeared near the Aleutian Islands on May28.[4]
The 21st tropical wave of the 1962season formed on May21 in the open South China Sea, east of the Philippines. The systems strengthened into a tropical depression moved to the southeast toward southwestern South Vietnam. However, the depression returned to its northern progression on May22 and dissipated on the same day without threatening land.[2]
A tropical wave, the 22nd of the1962season, forming on May26 met a polar trough northeast of the island of Koror. This fracture caused the wave to begin developing during the early morning hours. The system rapidly intensified and became the fourth tropical depression of the season on the same afternoon. Rapid intensification occurred and within six hours, the depression became Tropical Storm Iris on May26 just east of the Philippines. The eye of Iris began to define itself, as operationally winds reached 75mph (121km/h) on May27, which would classify the system a typhoon. However, in post-analysis, Iris was never able to strengthen into a typhoon, peaking at winds of 70mph (110km/h) off the Philippine coast.[7] A minimum central pressure was read of 990millibars within the storm. Iris paralleled the shore for several hours, beginning a rapid weakening process, falling to a minimal tropical storm with winds of only 40mph (64km/h) by the end of the day.[2]
During the morning of May28, Iris began to suffer from its lack of upper-level divergence and as a result was demoted into a tropical depression. The weakening system persisted two more days off the coast and dissipated on the morning of May30.[2] The dissipating remains of the Iris persisted for another day off the Philippines, dissipating southeast of Taiwan on May31.[4]
Reported impact from Iris in the Philippines were five deaths reported and no estimated damage to crops on the islands.[2]
Another easterly wave formed off to the northeast of the Philippines on the afternoon of July6 after reaching a polar trough. The system quickly organized itself, strengthening into a tropical storm on the morning of July7. Named Joan, the storm curved to the northwest through the Pacific, rapidly intensfying into a typhoon by the next day. The storm reached a peak sustained windspeed of 90mph (140km/h) just to the southeast of the island of Okinawa. The minimum pressure for the storm was registered at 985 millibars (29.1inHg). After passing Okinawa on July9, the forward speed in Typhoon Joan increased and the storm began to weaken. The storm boasted an unorganized, elliptical eye as it soon fell to a minimal hurricane that afternoon. On the evening of July9, the now-Tropical Storm Joan passed due east of Shanghai, China before turning to the northeast on the morning of July10. With only sustained winds of 50mph (80km/h), the system struck the shore of South Korea on the afternoon of July10. The storm continued weakening as it crossed the 38th parallel and entered North Korea, falling to a minimal tropical storm over land. After emerging from North Korea, the storm raced to the northeast before experiencing cold air and become extratropical on the morning of July11.[2]
After becoming extratropical, the remains of Joan continued northeastward, curving along the coast of China. The system soon left China and entered the waters of the Soviet Union July12, soon making landfall on the island of Ostrov Sakhalin. After crossing the island, the system entered the Sea of Okhotsk, where it turned northward towards mainland Siberia. During the day of July14, the system made landfall near the city of Magadan and crossed the Arctic Circle. Tracking of the system ceased just north of Magadan on the morning of July15.[4]
Reported damage from Typhoon Joan was minimal in the Koreas, with estimates of only $500,000 (1962USD ($3.68 million in 2011USD)). This damage total was estimated from damage to crops in the country and to the communications infrastructure.[2]
A tropical system formed on July7 north of the island of Koror. The system strengthened into a tropical depression the next day when the first advisory was released. The depression continuously changed directions, once on the8th to the northwest, again the next day to the southwest and the final one on the 10th to the northwest again. The tropical depression continued to the northwest, but degenerated into a remnant low on the morning of July12. The remnants continued moving away, dissipating on July15.
The depression never made landfall, so no damage or fatalities were reported.[2]
As Typhoon Joan was weakening, a new tropical system formed in the South China Sea on the afternoon of July10. The system strengthened while moving west, becoming Tropical Depression Forty-One the same day. The depression continued moving west at a rapid pace, passing Hainan Island and made landfall in southern North Vietnam on July11. The depression dissipated over land late that evening.[2]
Damage and fatalities in Vietnam from the depression are unavailable.[2]
Another surge from the easterlies, combined with the forty-fourth tropical wave of the season, began to develop off the east coast of Luzon in the Philippines on the morning of July18. At the time, the tropical wave had winds of 15mph (24km/h) on its surface. The wave rapidly intensified during the morning and the Joint Typhoon Warning Center upped the system to a tropical depression the same afternoon. The next morning the system was upgraded to a tropical storm and received the name Kate. The new storm had a small, open eyewall which expanded during the day as the storm slowly intensified through and by the late morning of July20, the storm became a typhoon with winds of 75mph (121km/h).[8] That morning, the eye had only a 12-mile (19km) diameter and had similar surface winds. During the afternoon, the storm made a curve to the southwest from its track and looped back northward. By the morning of July21, the storm began a northeastern turn towards Taiwan.[2]
The typhoon continued to intensify, maintaining typhoon status during the day and reaching a peak sustained winds of 90mph (140km/h) on the morning of July22. Central pressures were recorded at a minimum of 970millibars at peak as well. (Operationally, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center had Kate peaking at sustained winds of 100mph (160km/h), making it a Category2 cyclone on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale, however this was demoted in post-analysis.)[8] As Kate approached Taiwan, the storm weakened, making landfall on the afternoon of July22 near Taitung City with sustained winds of 80mph (130km/h). The storm crossed the island over the afternoon, weakening into a tropical storm by the afternoon. After emerging from Taiwan, Tropical Storm Kate turned to the northwest and made landfall once again near Wenzhou on July23 with sustained winds of 60mph (97km/h). The interaction with land cause quick dissipation of the storm over mainland China, and the warning center ceased following the storm on the morning of July24.[2] The remains of Kate continued on for a short distance, crossing through China over the next day and into Mongolia before dissipating on July25.[4]
The damage left behind from Typhoon Kate were extensive as the storm killed 110 residents and caused $25 million (1962USD ($184 million in 2011USD)) in damages to crops, homes and infrastructure.[2]
A tropical system formed far to the northeast of Saipan in the early morning hours of July 19. The storm quickly strengthened northward through the open Pacific waters, and on the afternoon of July 20, was classified as a 50mph (80km/h) tropical storm named Louise. Louise continued moving to the north at about 10–11mph. By the late evening on July 21, Louise had grown into a Category 1typhoon, boasting winds of 75mph (121km/h) and a 200 square mile oval-shaped eye. At that point, Louise turned westward towards the southern end of Japan. Operationally, Louise strengthened to winds of 90mph (140km/h), however, in best track, the storm had weakened to a tropical storm early on the 23rd.[9] However, this remained its peak intensity. It restrengthened into a typhoon by the morning of July 24, crossing to the north of Chichi Jima and Iwo Jima before making landfall near Mount Zenjinomori on the morning of July 26 as a 70mph (110hm/h) tropical storm.[2][10]
The storm began weakening over land, and the Joint Typhoon Warning Center ceased releasing advisories and aircraft on Louise, which had degenerated into a tropical depression near Osaka, Japan.[2] The dissipating system continued to the northeast, crossing over Tokyo and re-entering the open Pacific Ocean waters on July 28. The system continued northeast towards the Kuril Islands before dissipating during the day on July 29.[4]
Louise killed fifteen people and doing $7.5million (1962USD) ($56.1 million (2011USD)) in damage to crops, homes and bridges in Japan.[2]
A tropical wave formed in the open Pacific Ocean waters on July 25 and strengthened into Tropical Depression Forty-Seven on July 28 in an area of ocean north of Truk. The depression strengthened into a tropical storm and was given the name Marge. Marge peaked at a 45mph (72km/h), 1002mbar weak tropical storm on July 28. Marge dissipated on the morning of July 29 near Guam and Saipan.[2]
No damage or fatalities were reported, as Marge never made landfall.[2]
The system that would become Typhoon Nora developed on the morning of July 26 in the open waters of the Pacific Ocean east of Manila as a tropical wave from the westerlies. That morning, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center began issuing advisories on a tropical depression (designated Tropical Depression46) with 25mph (40km/h) winds. After remaining practically stationary for three straight days off the coast of the Philippines, the depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Nora on the morning of July 29. The storm progressed to the northwest through the open waters, rapidly strengthening, and by the end of the day on July 29, Nora had strengthened to a 55mph (89km/h). Operationally, Nora became a typhoon with winds of 75mph (121km/h),[2] however, the best track for Nora has been updated for the change to have occurred six hours later in the waters east of Taiwan.[11]
Continuing northwest past Taiwan, Nora continued strengthening, peaking at max winds of 85mph (137km/h) on the morning of July 31. While at peak strength, Nora crossed west of the island of Okinawa, Japan. During the afternoon of August 1, Nora weakened in strength as it proceeded east of Shanghai, China. By the morning of August 2, Nora had weakened into a tropical storm, making an eastern turn towards the Koreas. On the afternoon of August 2, Nora made landfall near Incheon, South Korea with winds of 40mph (64km/h). Nora sped up while crossing over South Korea and into North Korea, crossing into the open waters, soon making landfall once again on the Japanese island of Hokkaido. Just east of Hokkaido, ran over cold air in the open Pacific waters, becoming extratropical on August 4.[2]
The remnants of Nora proceeded northeast and north past the Kamchatka Peninsula, crossing into the Bering Sea near Semisopochnoi Island on August 5. The remnants made a northwestern turn towards Russia before turning north through the Sea. The system was last tracked south of the Bering Strait and just north of the Arctic Circle on August 6.[4]
Across the northernmost Japanese island of Hokkaido, heavy rains from the storm triggered widespread flooding that killed 15 people and left 14 others missing.[12] $1 million (1962USD) was recorded to homes, crops, railroads and highways along the areas affected by Nora.[4]
An easterly wave met with a polar trough just northwest of the island of Ponape. on the afternoon of July28. The Joint Typhoon Warning Center began following the wave for the next day, as it headed westward, north of Truk. Slowly curving northeast from the island, the wave soon was upgraded to a tropical depression with winds of 30mph (48km/h) with no eye structure on July30. The depression strengthened on the morning of July31 to 35mph (56km/h) winds and persisted throughout the day at that strength. The depression continued its northwestern curve, speeding up and weakening once again to 30mph (48km/h) on the morning of August1.[2] After passing Woleai, the depression strengthened once again and became Tropical Storm Opal the same afternoon. The storm continued intensifying during the afternoon, with winds reaching 50mph (80km/h) by nightfall. By the next morning, Opal was upgraded into a typhoon, the eighth of the 1962season.[13] The typhoon, now northwest of the island of Ulithi, continued turning to the northwest, beginning to slow as the system continued strengthening. By nightfall, the system had an eye forming, wide as 5 miles (8.0km). By nightfall, the system was up to winds of 90mph (140km/h) and passing far east of the Philippines. Opal continued the northwest progression, strengthening throughout the day of August3 and forming a wider eye. By the end of the day, the storm was now a Category3 typhoon with winds of 115mph (185km/h). Strengthening continued overnight as the typhoon passed to the east of Luzon, strengthening close to super typhoon status by nightfall on August4 with a shrinking eye. The next morning, Typhoon Opal strengthened into the second super typhoon of the season, boasting sustained winds of 160mph (260km/h). During the day on August5, Opal continued strengthening, peaking with winds of 165mph (266km/h) just east of Taiwan.[13] (Operationally, Opal was classified as a 170mph (270km/h) typhoon, but this was downgraded to a 165mph (266km/h) in post-analysis.) Minimum recorded central pressures for Opal were registered at 900millibars.[2] Soon after peaking, the storm struck the island of Taiwan with winds of 165mph (266km/h). The storm weakened over land to 135mph (217km/h) after crossing the island and continued weakening into a 90mph (140km/h) typhoon as it made landfall in mainland China. The typhoon continued to weaken over land, weakening into a tropical storm on the morning of August6. Opal persisted as a tropical storm on August6, weakening into a tropical depression the next morning. During the afternoon of August7, with influences from land, the storm became extratropical.[2][13] The extratropical remains of Opal crossed eastern mainland China, entering the East China Sea in the late evening. Early in the morning of August8, the storm struck North Korea near the capital city of Pyongyang. After crossing the country, the system reappeared in the sea before crossing. On the morning of August9, the system made landfall on the Hokkaido region of Japan, near the town of Rumoi. After crossing the island, the storm entered the Sea of Okhotsk on August10. During the afternoon, the system crossed the Kuril Islands and began a parallel with the Kamchatka Peninsula the next day. On the morning of August13, the system entered the Aleutian Islands, passing west of Semisopochnoi Island and the Rat Islands before entering the Bering Sea. The extratropical remains disappeared on August14 in the middle of the sea, just south of the Arctic Circle.[4]
The impact of Typhoon Opal was most devastating in Taiwan, where originally 87 deaths were reported on the island, with 20people missing and over1400 injured. Some 5,000people were homeless in Yilan City.[14] Nearly 1,500homes were destroyed as a result of Opal, along with 4,700others damaged due to the high winds. Huge waves kicked up by Opel also sent a storm surge into the city, sweeping away homes.[15] However, by August 8, this number was demoted to only 12deaths on the island, 966injured and five people missing.[16] The 170mph (270km/h) strong winds took a freighter off its anchors and swamping it, along with a number of fishing boats.[14] Although winds of 110mph (180km/h) were felt in Taipei, no fatalities were reported because of ample warning, causing residents to evacuate.[15][17] In Taipei, Opal caused streets to flood, uprooted trees and tore down telephone lines.[17] 38injuries were also reported, with 35houses destroyed. 180were also damaged in Taipei.[18] Elsewhere, Opal caused two deaths in the islands of Japan, centered on the island of Southern Hokkaido. Nine people there were also injured and one person was reported missing.[19] After Typhoon Opal passed through South Korea, seven fishermen were killed along the coast of the Yellow Sea. 72more people were missing. Five ships were also sunk in the Yellow Sea, twelve more were reported missing.[20] The estimated damage total came out to about $25million. (1962USD; $184million (2011USD)) These totals came in the form of crop, transportation, and structural damage.[2]
A surge from the westerlies entered the easterlies on the afternoon of August 5, east of the island of Yap. The forming system proceeded west, crossing over the island directly later that evening. Continuing to gain strength, the system became a tropical depression west of Yap on the morning of August 6 (designed Tropical Depression51). The depression continued west through the open waters of the Pacific Ocean, reaching tropical storm strength on the afternoon of August 6, northwest of Koror. Now a tropical storm named Patsy, the cyclone continued east towards the Philippines, gaining strength in the open waters. The storm reached winds of 70mph (110km/h) before making landfall near Borongan on the evening of August 7. Patsy criss-crossed the islands of the Philippines, entering the South China Sea west of Manila the next morning.[2]
After crossing back into the open waters of the South China Sea, Patsy strengthened into a typhoon as it proceeded northwest, reaching a peak wind speed of 75mph (121km/h) with a minimum pressure of 990mbar on the morning of August 9. Patsy retained typhoon status throughout the day, making landfall on Hainan near the city of Wenchang as a tropical storm with winds of 70mph (110km/h). Weakening as it crossed over China, the storm crossed along the southwestern shores of a nearby peninsula. Crossing through a gulf of the South China Sea, Patsy weakened to a 50mph (80km/h) tropical storm before the Joint Typhoon Warning Center ceased following the system on the morning of August 11, as it made landfall near the city of Dianbai Liaogang, China.[2] The dissipating remnants of Patsy continued east through the gulf during the day of August 11, crossing back into mainland China and died over land on August 12.[4]
Patsy's heavy rain and flooding caused 29 casualties with more than 200missing.[21] Damage totaled out to $2.5million (1962USD) ($18.7million (2011USD)), including major infrastructural damage at the University of Santo Thomas and the shutting down of the Manila airport. The backlash from Patsy destroyed over 6,400 acres (26km2) of rice, and damaged roads through Thailand.[22] Patsy made landfall four times, three as a tropical system.[2]
A surge from the westerlies and a cut-off low formed a new low-pressure system in the waters of the Pacific Ocean just north of Truk on August 11. The system proceeded northwest for two-days, passing northeast of Guam, where it strengthened on August 13 into a tropical storm with winds of 60mph (97km/h). The storm rapidly intensified as it bent northward, gaining typhoon strength in less than twelve hours, and making a direct hit with the island of Saipan on the morning of August 14. Continuing to gain strength, Typhoon Ruth crossed northward past Saipan, becoming a Category5 typhoon with winds of 160mph (260km/h) on the afternoon of August 15. The typhoon soon turned towards the northwest and past near Iwo Jima as a 185mph (298km/h) typhoon on the evening of August 16.
Boasting a minimum pressure of 915millibars, Typhoon Ruth held its peak strength of 185mph (298km/h) for twelve hours before weakening off the coast of Chichi Jima as a 160mph (260km/h), minimal Category5 typhoon. Continuing northwest, the storm approached the coasts of Japan, slowly weakening over the next several days. On the morning of August 18, Typhoon Ruth made a turn to the northeast and crossed to the east of Tokyo. Proceeding away from the coast of Japan, Ruth continued to weaken, becoming a Category1 typhoon on the afternoon of August 20, bending northeast into the open waters of the Pacific Ocean. Ruth was one of three active systems on August 21 at the same time with Typhoon Thelma and Typhoon Sarah. After crossing the 155th meridian on August 22, Ruth weakened into a tropical storm as it experienced the effects of cold air. On the evening of August 22, the storm was deemed extratropical.[2]
The extratropical remains of Tropical Storm Ruth continued east through the open waters of the Pacific Ocean, bending northeast just east of the International Date Line. Now proceeding north, the system crossed Semisopochnoi Island and entered the Bering Sea. The storm turned northeast again, crossed the Date Line before merging into a system in the sea, just south of the Arctic Circle.[4]
The tropical wave that would develop into Typhoon Sarah formed southeast of the coast of Iwo Jima on the evening of August 8. The wave proceeded southwest across the open waters of the Pacific Ocean for several days, slowly gaining strength on August 14–15 south of Okinawa, Japan. On the morning of August 15, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center began following the storm, which had winds of 70mph (110km/h). Slowly gaining strength, the storm, now named Sarah, became a typhoon on that afternoon. Sarah soon started making a loop on August 16 and August 17, peaking at winds of 85mph (140mp/h) and an internal pressure of 978millibars. Soon crossing its former track on the afternoon of August 18, Sarah continued northward as a typhoon, striking islands to the east of Taiwan and west of Okinawa.[2]
Experiencing cold air in the East China Sea, Sarah weakened slowly, weakening into a tropical storm on the afternoon of August 19. Bending northeast that day, the storm made landfall in the mainland of Japan near the city of Hioki on August 21 with wind speeds of 60mph (97km/h). The system gradually weakened as it crossed over Japan, experiencing the effects of cold air and land. On August 22, Sarah rapidly weakened into a tropical depression before re-entering the East China Sea near the city of Kami. Running along the northern coast of Japan, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center stopped tracking the depression near the Noto Peninsula, as it became extratropical on the afternoon of August 22.[2] The extratropical remnants of Sarah crossed the Noto Peninsula and over mainland Japan once again, proceeding northeast through the Pacific Ocean on August 23. The remains turned northward towards the Aleutian Islands, before dying south of the islands on August 25, just north of the 50th degree latitude[4]
A fractured portion of a surge from the westerlies became a tropical wave on August 20, just to the northeast of Saipan at the 150th meridian. The wave proceeded northwest, gaining strength and became a tropical storm on the morning of August 21. Named Thelma, the storm rapidly intensified north of Saipan, reaching winds of 70mph (110km/h).[23] Operationally, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center found winds of 75mp/h (120km/h) and originally declared it a typhoon on the afternoon of August 21. The storm quickly weakened back to winds of 50mph (80km/h) before strengthening as Thelma neared the island of Iwo Jima. On the evening of August 22, south of Iwo Jima, the storm intensified into a typhoon, boasting winds of 90mph (140km/h).[2]
Bending northwest and avoiding a direct hit with Iwo Jima, Thelma continued to rapidly strengthen, reaching an original peak of 125mph (201km/h) just west of the island on August 23. Making a bend towards the north, Thelma began weakening once again, reaching winds as low as 105mph (169km/h) west of Chichi Jima. Thelma began strengthening again on August 24, operationally reaching peak winds of 140mph (230km/h).[2] However, in reanalysis, the system was dropped to winds of 135mph (217km/h).[23] Crossing north, the storm approached the coast of Japan on August 25. Winds began to diminish as the storm was influenced by land, making landfall near Owase as a 105mph (169km/h) typhoon. The storm rapidly weakened as it crossed north across Japan, crossing into waters near Komatsu on August 26.[2]
Experiencing the effects of cold air, Thelma bent northeast as a weakening tropical storm, crossing the northern end of the Japanese mainland near Goshogawara as a tropical depression on August 27. After re-entering waters, the storm lost tropical characteristics and became extratropical near Mount Apoi.[2] The extratropical remains of Thelma wandered the open waters of the Pacific Ocean for several days, proceeding northeast through the water and into the Aleutian Islands, crossing over Little Sitkin Island. The system crossed into the Bering Sea, crossing the International Date Line on September 1. The system was lost just after crossing the Date Line.[4]
A wave and a polar trough fractured to the southeast of Okinawa, Japan on the morning of August 23. The system slowly gained strength, forming into Tropical Storm Vera on the morning of August 25, a short distance to the northeast of the fractured trough. The storm continued northeast, becoming a typhoon that afternoon. Just after reaching typhoon strength, Vera bent northwest past Okinawa, strengthening to a peak of 80mph (130km/h)[24] and an internal pressure of 983millibars. Operationally, the peak of Vera was classified as 85mph (137km/h) on August 26. The storm only retained typhoon winds for 18 hours, weakening into a tropical storm on the morning of August 27. Passing east of Okinawa, Vera approached land, making landfall near Kagoshima on the afternoon of August 27, boasting winds of 60mph (97km/h).[2]
Vera weakened rapidly over land, becoming a tropical depression within six hours of landfall, bending northeast over land. After crossing the southwestern end of Japan, the storm dissipated over land near Kudamatsu on the morning of August 28.[2]
The precursor easterly tropical wave that became Typhoon Wanda originated in the Southern Hemisphere, developing off the coast of Pohnpei (then-spelled Ponape) on the morning of August 23. The wave proceeded northwest for several days, passing south of Ponape, and north of Truk. The system continued past Guam and Yap before intensifying into a tropical depression on the afternoon of August 27. The depression continued northeast, and within six hours, became Tropical Storm Wanda, boasting winds of 40mph (60mph). Crossing far east of the coast of the Philippines, Wanda gradually strengthened as it proceeded northwest. On the morning of August 29, the storm gained typhoon strength, just north of Luzon. The storm continued to strengthen, passing south of Taiwan before peaking as a 110mph (180km/h) typhoon off the coast of Hong Kong on August 31.[2]
Boasting a minimum pressure of 949millibars, Wanda continued eastward through the South China Sea, making landfall near Hong Kong as a typhoon with winds of 100mph (160km/h) on the morning of September 1. After crossing onto land, Wanda weakened considerably, becoming a tropical depression within 18 hours. The storm dissipated over land west of Macau on the evening of September 1.[2] However, the remains of Wanda crossed through the southern parts of China on September 1 and 2 before crossing back into the open waters of the South China Sea on September 3. The remains turned east and made landfall on Hainan near Lingao on September 4. The remains of Wanda dissipated over Hainan that day.[4]
Wanda was responsible for 434 fatalities, with millions of damage occurring. Storm surge was significant in Hong Kong and the water level was 17'9" above chart datum in some places. Maximum hourly mean wind and instantaneous minimum pressure at the Royal Observatory were 68 knots (126km/h) and 953mbar. Neither record has been surpassed since then.[2] Wanda is considered the second worst typhoon in the recorded history of Hong Kong (second only to the catastrophic typhoon of July 29, 1896. Wanda also created the record of being the last of three typhoons to have caused sustained hurricane winds in Hong Kong in three consecutive years (after Typhoon Mary of 1960 and Typhoon Alice of 1961).[2]
The precursor to Typhoon Amy formed on August 27 northwest of Truk as a surge from the westerlies. The system rapidly gained strength in the open waters of the Pacific Ocean, gaining enough winds to be declared a tropical depression on the morning of August 29. The depression rapidly intensified, becoming a tropical storm within six hours. Now named Amy, the cyclone bent northeast around Saipan with winds of 70mph (110km/h). After passing Saipan, Amy strengthened into a typhoon during the afternoon of August 30. Continuing to rapidly strengthen over water, Amy reached its peak wind speed of 160mph (260km/h) on evening of September 1, far to the northeast of the Philippines. After peaking with a pressure of 935millibars, the typhoon weakened back to 155mph (249km/h) and soon 150mph (240km/h), which it sustained for several days.[2]
Crossing to the northeast of Luzon, Amy maintained strength, rapidly approaching the island of Taiwan on September 4. The storm slowly weakened to a 115mph (185km/h) typhoon off the coast of Taiwan, making landfall on September 5 near the city of Yilan City. Amy weakened over land slightly before making landfall near Fuzhou later that day. Amy crossed over mainland China for several days, slowly weakening into a minimal tropical storm before crossing back into the waters of the East China Sea near Yancheng. Amy strengthened back to winds of 45mph (72km/h) before weakening into a tropical depression off the coast of South Korea. The depression made landfall near Incheon on September 7, weakening over land. After crossing out into open waters, the remains of Amy became extratropical on September 8, affected by the cold air.[2]
The extratropical remains of Amy continued northeast along the North Korean and Chinese mainlands, crossing the island of Sakhalin on September 9. The remains of Amy were lost off the eastern coast of Sakhalin on September 10, west of the Kamchatka Peninsula.[4]
Amy's flooding killed 24people, with millions of dollars in damage (1962USD) to crops, power, communication lines and buildings.[2]
An easterly tropical wave formed off northwest of Woleai Atoll and Buoy 317 (off the coast of Woleai) on September 3. The Joint Typhoon Warning Center upgraded the wave that same day into Tropical Depression Sixty-Four. The depression progressed to the northeast, passing to the south of Ulithi six hours after formation. The depression continued, passing to the south of Yap, an island near Ulithi. It then began to straighten its progression, dissipating north of the island of Koror at about 135°W longitude. Once the depression dissipated, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center ceased tracking the depression, never making landfall with any landmass in the Pacific Ocean.[2]
Like most of the tropical cyclones of the season, the sixty-sixth formed on September 11, around where Tropical Depression Fifty-Five had formed earlier in the season. The Joint Typhoon Warning Center began following the disturbance, which was out in the open Pacific Ocean. The disturbance was upgraded into a tropical depression on September 12. The depression progressed westward, with the Japan Meteorological Agency following suit as a tropical depression. As the depression became to make a curve towards Japan, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center ceased tracking the depression.[2][25]
However, the Japan Meteorological Agency continued following the strengthening depression. The depression, beginning to parallel the coast of Japan, strengthened into a tropical storm on September 15. The depression peaked in intensity with a pressure of 1002mbar (29.58 inHg) on the same day, at its closest proximity to Japan. The storm weakened into a tropical depression on September 16, and started to make a curve to the northeast. The depression moved away from the coast of Japan and began its track out into the Pacific on September 17. The Japan Meteorological Agency ceased following the system that day, located off the Kuril Islands of the Soviet Union. During its entire lifetime, the depression never made landfall.[4][25]
The sixty-seventh tropical wave of the 1962 season formed on September 11 over several islands in the Philippines. Tracked by the Japan Meteorological Agency, the wave began progressing westward, passing over the tip of an island in the South China Sea. On September 13, about midway between South Vietnam and the Philippines, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center upgraded the system to Tropical Depression Sixty-Seven. There, the depression made a curve to the northwest, starting a progression in that direction. The depression continued for another two days out into the South China Sea, where the storm was upgraded to Tropical Storm Babe.[2][26]
Tropical Storm Babe continued to the northwest, making its way towards the coast of South Vietnam. On September 15, Tropical Storm Babe passed to the south of Hainan, an island claimed as part of China. The storm peaked at 65mph (105km/h) winds on the same day, with a minimal pressure of 995millibars of Mercury). On September 16, Tropical Storm Babe made landfall in the northern part of the South Vietnam coast. The depression then crossed the country, weakening into a tropical depression on September 17, crossing over the country of Laos. The Joint Typhoon Warning Center ceased following the system just after it left Laos.[2][26]
The weakening system tracked into Cambodia, where it lasted for another day or so. On the evening of September 18, the Agency stopped following the weakening system, as it began to leave Cambodia and into the nearby country of Thailand.[27]
The sixty-eighth easterly tropical wave of the1962 season formed on September22 a couple of hundred miles off the coast of the Philippines. The Joint Typhoon Warning Center then upgraded the wave into Tropical Depression Sixty-Eight that day. The depression made a curve to the southwest, turning to the northwest just a few hours later. After starting a northwest progression, Tropical Depression Sixty-Eight began running along the eastern coast of the Philippines. The depression eventually switched to a straightened, westward progression, as the cyclone neared landfall. On the afternoon of September24, Tropical Depression Sixty-Eight made landfall on the eastern shore of southern Luzon. The depression crossed the country, maintaining its strength.[2][28]
The depression crossed over the capital of the Philippines, Manila and in six hours after landfall, the depression had returned to water. The depression then began its northwestern progression once again, heading on a path towards China. However, Tropical Depression Sixty-Eight turned to the southwest and away from China. This progression did not last either. The system turned back to the northwest, heading towards North Vietnam. This progression remained stable, and the depression made landfall on September26 in North Vietnam. Tropical Depression Sixty-Eight crossed over land, dissipating the next day nearing the Laos border.[2][28]
The system that became Typhoon Carla can be traced to a surge from the westerlies that formed on September 13 between Guam and Koror. The system proceeded northwest for several days, slowly gaining strength. The system crossed over the Philippines near Luzon on September 18 and crossed into the South China Sea. In the open sea waters, the system strengthened, attaining tropical depression status on the morning of September 19, northwest of Manila. The depression continued northwest throughout the day, becoming Tropical Storm Carla on the morning of September 20, miles west of Luzon. After attaining tropical storm strength, Carla slowly gathered strength, approaching the island of Hainan. On the afternoon of September 21, Carla attained typhoon strength for six hours,[2] reaching a peak winds of 80mph (130km/h).[29]
After peaking, Carla immediately made landfall near Lingshui on the afternoon of September 21 with winds of 60mph (97km/h). After crossing over Hainan, Carla re-entered water and became a tropical storm with winds of 65mph (105km/h) on September 22. Later that day, Carla made landfall near Ninh Binh, North Vietnam with winds of 65mph (105km/h). Now over land, the storm void of moisture, weakened across Thailand, dissipating near the Laos-Thailand border on September 23.[2]
No damage reports are available in association with Carla in Thailand,[2] however at least 13people were killed.[30]
In a similar fashion to the origins of Typhoon Carla, a surge from the westerlies helped for the next storm of the season on the afternoon of September 24 near Guam. The system quickly intensified into a tropical depression on the morning of September 25 near Ulithi. Upon strengthening into a depression, the system slowed down significantly and stopped intensifying, stabilizing at winds of 35mph from September 25–28. During this time, the depression turned northwest, strengthening into Tropical Storm Dinah on the morning of September 29. Wind speed and forward movement remained slow to strengthen with Dinah, as it bent northwest and west far from Iwo Jima. The storm, proceeding west through the Pacific Ocean, strengthened into a typhoon on the morning of September 30.[2]
Winding west through the open waters of the Pacific, Dinah crossed south of Taiwan, peaking at winds of 115mph (185km/h) just south of the island on October 2. With a peak pressure of 953millibars, Dinah continued east, weakening to winds of 105mph (169km/h) on October 3. That afternoon, Dinah made landfall near Hong Kong with winds of 105mph (169km/h). The storm weakened rapidly over land, becoming a tropical storm and soon depression. Dinah dissipated over mainland China on October 4.[2] The remains of Dinah turned southeast across China, re-entering waters before crossing Hainan on October 5. That afternoon, the remains dissipated over Hainan.[4]
A surge from the westerlies that moved into the easterlies helped spawn the system that would become Typhoon Emma on September 30 off the coast of Saipan. The system strengthened in a tropical storm on the afternoon of October 1, with sustained winds of 60mph (97km/h). The storm, named Emma, made a U-turn to the north just north of Saipan, avoiding direct impact with the island. Emma continued to slowly intensify, becoming a typhoon on the morning of October 2. The typhoon continued north through the open Pacific waters, rapidly intensifying. On the morning of October 5, Emma reached an operation peak intensity of 145mph (233km/h).[2] However, in post-analysis, the JTWC increased the peak to 160mph (260km/h),[31] with an internal pressure of 903millibars.[2]
After reaching its peak, Emma slowly weakened as it turned from a northern progression towards the east on October 5. Passing far to the east of Iwo Jima, Emma maintained winds for several days out in the open waters at 125mph (201km/h). On the morning of October 9, Emma weakened a slight, soon bending to the northeast. Beginning to be influenced by cold air, the system weakened slowly through the open waters, reducing itself to a Category1 typhoon on the morning of October 8. The system was deemed extratropical operationally on the afternoon of October 11, with winds of 80mph (130km/h) due to cold air.[2] However, in post-analysis, the system crossed further to the northwest, weakening stopped and for the next day and a half, Emma actually gained winds back to 85mph (137km/h).[31]
On the morning of October 13, the storm crossed into the Bering Sea near Little Sitkin Island. Shortly later on that day, Emma crossed the 180th meridian as a 50mph (80km/h) tropical storm. After weakening into a tropical depression, the storm became extratropical off the coast of Alaska.[31]
Damage in Guam and Saipan totaled out at $250,000 (1962USD), from damages to communication equipment, buildings and fishing boats.[2]
An updraft formed on the morning of September 28 south of the island of Eniwetok Atoll. After moving west and making a large bend around the island, the new system slowly gained strength, and on the morning of October 3, promoted into a tropical storm. Now named Freda, the system was rapidly intensifying as it proceeded north-west in the open Pacific Ocean waters. On that afternoon, Freda intensified into a typhoon, sustaining winds of 80mph (130km/h). During the day of October 4, the typhoon slowly gained strength, reaching its peak of 115mph (185km/h) with a peak pressure of 948 millibars (27.99inHg). After stabilizing to the north, Freda sustained its winds through the Pacific before beginning to weaken slowly on October 6. Making a bend to the northeast, Freda sustained typhoon-status winds for several more days, weakening into a tropical storm on October 9 as it started experiencing the effects of cold air.[2]
Moving north-east at a steady rate of 16mph (26km/h), the storm slowly became extratropical operationally on the morning of October 10, still with winds of 45mph (72km/h).[2] However, the system continued weakening in post-analysis as it continued north-east, crossing the 180th meridian later that afternoon before completing the transition that evening.[32] The extratropical remains of Freda would continue east through the Pacific Ocean, making landfall in the Pacific Northwest of Canada & the United States on October 12, 1962.
This same storm was named the Columbus Day Storm[2] in the United States, where it caused $235 million in damage and the deaths of 46 people. In the early hours of October 13 the storm made landfall in British Columbia, Canada with sustained wind speeds of 90km/h (56mph) with gusts to 145km/h (90mph), causing $750 million in damage and the deaths of 7 people.[33]
A surge from the westerlies and a flow from the Southern Hemisphere helped contribute to the formation of a system off the coast of Yap on October 18. The system quickly intensified, becoming a tropical depression on the morning of October 19, sustaining winds of 25mph (40km/h). The depression slowly intensified as it moved northwest, spending three days a tropical depression. Bending northward, the system intensified into a minimal tropical storm on the morning of October 22. Now steadily intensifying, the new Tropical Storm Gilda began making a loop in the open ocean waters, becoming a typhoon on the morning of October 23 with winds of 75mph (120km/h). The storm, now proceeding westward, continued a steady intensification process, proceeding west towards the eastern coast of the Philippines.[2]
On the morning of October 26, the storm bent to the northwest, and away from the Philippine coastline, while peaking at sustained winds of 130mph (210km/h). A peak minimum internal pressure of 933 millibars (27.55inHg) was also recorded. Continuing northeast, the storm began a Fujiwhara interaction with the weakening Tropical Storm Ivy, soon absorbing the system on October 28. Gilda continued northeast through the ocean, slowly weakening as it sped up through colder air. Retaining typhoon-status winds for several days, passing southeast of Japan. As the storm sped up, it reached a peak speed of 44mph (71km/h). Gilda weakened into a tropical storm on the morning of October 30, southeast of Tokyo and later that evening, the storm completed the extratropical transition.[2] The extratropical system continued northeast through the night, crossing the 170th and 180th meridians before being lost in the open waters of the Central Pacific Ocean on November 1.[4]
No damage or fatalities were reported in association with Gilda.[2]
Tropical Depression Seventy-Five formed on October 20 in the open Pacific Ocean, near a buoy close to the International Date Line. The depression moved to the northwest, dissipating on after two days near the island of Iwo Jima. The short-lived system never made landfall, and no damage or fatalities were reported to ships or buoys in the Ocean.[2]
The system that would become Tropical Storm Harriet formed off the western coast of the Philippines on the morning on the afternoon of October 19. The system proceeded northwest, then darted southwest off the coast, crossing through the South China Sea. The storm spent several days through the open ocean, unable to strengthen into a tropical depression. On October 23, the storm turned northward towards South Vietnam, but soon returned westward, slowly strengthening as it crossed the South China Sea.[4] On the afternoon of October 25, the system finally strengthened into a tropical storm, receiving the name of Harriet. Winds peaked at 60mph (95km/h) for Harriet,[34] which soon made landfall near the Nakhon Si Thammarat Province in Thailand on October 25. After criss-crossing the country, Harriet weakened into a low on October 26 in the open waters of the Indian Ocean.[4]
The destruction from Tropical Storm Harriet took the lives of at least 769 residents of Thailand's southern provinces. 142 others were also deemed missing as of November 4, with over 252 severe injuries. Damage at the time was estimated to be over $34.5million (1962USD) to government buildings, agriculture, homes and fishing fleets.[35][36]
According to Thai Meteorological Department, Harriet was the deadliest tropical cyclone in the country, responsible for 935 deaths.[37]
A tropical wave formed on October 26 near Ulithi and Woleai Atoll. The wave moved to the northwest and strengthened from a wave into a Category3 typhoon with winds of 115mph (185km/h).[38] Interaction from the active Typhoon Gilda caused a Fujiwhara effect between the two and caused Ivy to weaken at a rapid pace from a Category3 typhoon to a minimal tropical storm in 48hours. The stronger Typhoon Gilda absorbed the weak Ivy on October 29 south of Iwo Jima.[2]
Ivy never made landfall thus no damage or fatalities were reported.[2]
An easterly tropical wave after the polar trough fractured the superposition formed on November 3 near Yap. The wave made landfall in the Philippines on the 6th and strengthened into Tropical Depression Eighty-One over land. Strengthening occurred and the depression became Tropical Storm Jean on the 6th near Manila. Rapid strengthening occurred and Jean peaked at a 100mph (160km/h) typhoon on November 9 near Vietnam. Jean started weakening and dissipated on November 13 because of lack of upper level divergence.[2]
The Japan Meteorological Agency continued to track Jean for six more days. During that time, Jean made an anti-cyclonic loop to the south, where Jean was declared an extra-tropical low on November 19 in the open South China Sea. No damage or fatalities were reported.[2][4]
Typhoon Karen, which formed on November 7 in the open Western Pacific, explosively intensified to a 185mph (298km/h) super typhoon on the 9th. It turned to the west, maintaining its powerful winds of 175–185mph for 4days as it crossed the islands of the West Pacific. Cool air weakened Karen as it turned to the north, and was only a minimal typhoon at its nearest approach to Japan. The storm turned eastward, where it became extratropical on November 18. Karen's strong winds caused $250million in damage (1962USD) and 11 casualties. Karen passed over the southern part of Guam in 1962. Wind gusts estimated near 185mph (298km/h) destroyed 95% of all homes on the island.[2][39]
A surge from the westerlies into MPT which was followed by cut-off low formed on November 24, while a depression formed downstream. This kind of formation is not unusual, both Typhoons Carla and Dinah formed in the same way. The system strengthened into Tropical Depression Eighty-Six near Koror on November 25 and strengthened into Tropical Storm Lucy on the same day. Strengthening occurred slowly, as Lucy did not gain typhoon status until November 27. That same day, Lucy made landfall in the Philippines as an 80mph (130km/h) typhoon. Lucy kept moving west and peaked at 115mph (185km/h), as a Category3 typhoon on November 29. Lucy made landfall in the Philippines and southern South Vietnam on November 30. Lucy dissipated in the Strait of Taiwan on December 1 from cold air and land interaction.[2] The Japan Meteorological Agency ceased advisories that same day.[4]
Five people were killed, with $5million (1962USD ($37.4million (2011USD)). Winds of 60mph (97km/h) were felt Cebu City Airport when Lucy passed over the area.[2][40]
The eighty-ninth (and second-to-last) tropical wave of the season formed in the South China Sea, several hundred miles west of the Philippines. The wave was upgraded by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center as Tropical Storm Mary (instead of Tropical Depression Eighty-Nine) on December 1, following suit with the names used before.[2] The depression was never followed by the Japan Meteorological Agency, however, the system was tracked by the Warning Center its entire time in the South China Sea. Mary went towards the southwest, peaking at winds of 55mph (89km/h) on December 2.[41]
After that, the storm went on a slow weakening process, weakening to a minimal tropical storm on December 3. The next advisory, Mary was downgraded to a tropical depression, and the Joint Typhoon Warning Center ceased tracking the storm.[41] Mary did not affect land in its entire lifetime.[2]
An easterly wave, the ninetieth (and final)[2] of the season, was first sighted on December 6 by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center several hundred miles southeast of Guam. The wave strengthened that day into Tropical Depression Ninety, appearing in the Japan Meteorological Agency's track data at that point. The depression curved to the northwest, striking the island Guam on December 7. Tropical Depression Ninety curved to the southeast of Saipan on December 8, strengthening into a tropical storm. Given the name Nadine by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center, it progressed northward, peaking at a minimal pressure of 974millibars (28.76 inHg) and a wind speed of 60mph (97km/h) on December 10.[42][43] Nadine began to approach the International Date Line (180°), but started an extratropical transition that same day.[2][4]
Nadine was declared an extratropical storm on December 10, and the Joint Typhoon Warning Center ceased following the storm.[2] However, the Japan Meteorological Agency continued tracking the storm. On December 11, just after passing the 170°E longitude line, Nadine was declared extratropical by the Japan Meteorological Agency. The extratropical remains of Nadine crossed the International Date Line and on the night of December 11, the Agency ceased following Nadine as it had crossed into the Central Pacific basin.[44]
Although Nadine posed a threat to the island of Guam (which had been struck by Typhoon Karen less than a month before), there were no reports of fatalities, damage or strong winds.[2]
Storm names
In addition to the 30 named storms, an unnamed storm was tracked by the Japan Meteorological Agency, 6219, also known by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center as Tropical Depression Sixty-Six[4]
The 2005 Pacific typhoon season was the least active typhoon season since 2000, producing 23 named storms, of which 13 became typhoons. It was an event in the annual cycle of tropical cyclone formation, in which tropical cyclones form in the western Pacific Ocean. The season ran throughout 2005, though most tropical cyclones typically develop between May and October. The season's first named storm, Kulap, developed on January 13, while the season's last named storm, Bolaven, dissipated on November 20. The season's first typhoon, Haitang, reached typhoon status on July 13, and became the first super typhoon of the year three days later.
The 2006 Pacific typhoon season was a near-average season which produced a total of 23 named storms, 15 typhoons, and six super typhoons. The season ran throughout 2006, though most tropical cyclones typically develop between May and October. The season's first named storm, Chanchu, developed on May 9, while the season's last named storm, Trami, dissipated on December 20.
The 2004 Pacific typhoon season was an extremely active season that featured the second-highest ACE ever recorded in a single season, second only to 1997, which featured 29 named storms, nineteen typhoons, and six super typhoons. It was an event in the annual cycle of tropical cyclone formation, in which tropical cyclones form in the western Pacific Ocean. The season ran throughout 2004, though most tropical cyclones typically develop between May and October. The season's first named storm and also the first typhoon, Sudal, developed on April 4, later was reached typhoon status two days later, and became the first super typhoon of the year three days later. The season's last named storm, Noru, dissipated on December 21.
The 1999 Pacific typhoon season was the last Pacific typhoon season to use English names as storm names. It also featured the lowest number of typhoons on record with only five reaching this intensity. The season was a below-average season with only 20 named storms spawning. It had no official bounds; it ran year-round in 1999, but most tropical cyclones tend to form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between May and November. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. The first named storm, Hilda, developed on January 6, while the last named storm, Gloria, dissipated on November 16.
The 1994 Pacific typhoon season was an extremely active season in the annual cycle of tropical cyclone formation in the Western North Pacific, being the second most active season in the basin, only behind 1964. With a total of 36 tropical storms, where 20 of them reached typhoon strength and 6 further strengthening into super typhoons, during the course of the season, much like the Pacific hurricane season. The season had no official bounds and it ran year-round in 1994, but most tropical cyclones tend to form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between May and November. Tropical storms that formed west of the date line were assigned a name by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. The World Meteorological Organization-designated Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre for tropical cyclones for the region is the Japan Meteorological Agency. Tropical depressions that entered or formed in the Philippine area of responsibility were assigned a name by the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration or PAGASA. This can result in some storms having two names.
The 1992 Pacific typhoon season is the fourth consecutive above-average season, producing 31 tropical storms, 16 typhoons and five super typhoons. It had no official bounds; it ran year-round in 1992. Despite this, most tropical cyclones tend to form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between May and November. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.
The 1991 Pacific typhoon season was a slightly above-average season with 29 tropical storms, 17 typhoons and five super typhoons forming. It was quite a catastrophic season – Typhoon Yunya impacted the Philippines in mid June while in the same time experiencing a volcanic eruption, Typhoon Mireille severely impacting Japan, which became known for being the costliest typhoon on record with US$10 billion worths of damages, and Tropical Storm Thelma on November which became one of the deadliest storms to strike the Philippines, killing at least over 5,000 people.
The 1988 Pacific typhoon season was a very active season in terms of named storms, though it only featured 11 typhoons and 1 super typhoon. It had no official bounds; it ran year-round in 1988, but most tropical cyclones formed between May and November. Tropical storms that formed in the entire west Pacific basin were assigned a name by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Tropical depressions that enter or form in the Philippine area of responsibility are assigned a name by the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration or PAGASA. This can often result in the same storm having two names.
The 1986 Pacific typhoon season has no official bounds; it ran year-round in 1986, but most tropical cyclones tend to form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between May and December. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. Tropical Storms formed in the entire west pacific basin were assigned a name by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Tropical depressions that enter or form in the Philippine area of responsibility are assigned a name by the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration or PAGASA. This can often result in the same storm having two names.
The 1985 Pacific typhoon season was an extremely active season in terms of tropical depressions, featuring 28 named storms, 15 typhoons and 1 super typhoon. It ran year-round, thus ending the two-season run which began in 1983 that only had tropical cyclones forming between June and December. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. A total of 57 tropical depressions formed this year, of which only 28 became tropical storms and were assigned a name by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. This made the season well above average. Additionally, tropical depressions that enter or form in the Philippine area of responsibility were assigned a name by the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration or PAGASA. This can often result in the same storm having two names. This year, a total of 17 storms were named this way.
The 1984 Pacific typhoon season had the second-latest start in the basin on record, only behind the previous year by one day. Despite this, it was above average in terms of named storms and featured many intense storms. It ran year-round in 1984, but again all tropical cyclones formed between June and December. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. A total of 44 tropical depressions formed this year, of which only 27 became tropical storms and were assigned a name by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. This made the season above average when compared to the long term mean of 25 storms per season. Additionally, tropical depressions that enter or form in the Philippine area of responsibility are assigned a name by the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration or PAGASA. This can often result in the same storm having two names. This year, a total of 20 storms were named this way.
The 1983 Pacific typhoon season was the latest start for a Pacific typhoon season on record, and also slightly below-average in terms of named storms. It ran year-round in 1983, but all tropical cyclones formed between June and December. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. A total of 32 tropical depressions formed this year, of which only 23 became tropical storms and were assigned a name by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Additionally, tropical depressions that enter or form in the Philippine area of responsibility are assigned a name by the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration or PAGASA. This can often result in the same storm having two names. This year, a total of 23 storms were named this way.
The 1982 Pacific typhoon season was an average season in terms of total tropical storms, though it featured a very high amount of typhoons. It ran year-round in 1982, but most tropical cyclones formed between June and December. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. A total of 37 tropical depressions formed this year, of which 25 became tropical storms and were assigned a name by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Additionally, tropical depressions that enter or form in the Philippine area of responsibility are assigned a name by the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration or PAGASA. This can often result in the same storm having two names. This year, a total of 23 storms were named this way.
The 1981 Pacific typhoon season was a slightly above average season that produced 29 tropical storms, 13 typhoons and two intense typhoons. The season ran throughout 1981, though most tropical cyclones typically develop between May and October. The season's first named storm, Freda, developed on March 12 while the final storm, Lee, dissipated on December 29. Tropical cyclones only accounted for 12 percent of the rainfall in Hong Kong this season, the lowest percentage for the protectorate since 1972.
The 1970 Pacific typhoon season has no official bounds; it ran year-round in 1970, but most tropical cyclones tend to form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between June and December. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.
The 1972 Pacific typhoon season was an above average season, producing 31 tropical storms, 24 typhoons and 2 intense typhoons. It has no official bounds; it ran year-round in 1972, but most tropical cyclones tend to form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between June and December. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.
The 1960 Pacific typhoon season had no official bounds; it ran year-round in 1960, but most tropical cyclones tend to form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between June and December. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.
The 1957 Pacific typhoon season has no official bounds; it ran year-round in 1957, but most tropical cyclones tend to form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between June and December. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.
Typhoon Amy was a super typhoon formed in August and September 1962. Amy made landfall in Taiwan as a category 4 equivalent super typhoon, then in China as a typhoon, moved out into the South China Sea, and finally made landfall in South Korea as a tropical storm.
Typhoon Opal was a super typhoon that struck Taiwan, China, Korea and Japan in 1962.
↑ "Archived copy"(PDF). www.ptc-wmoescap.org. Archived from the original(PDF) on March 3, 2016. Retrieved May 22, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
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