The 1965 Pacific typhoon season has no official bounds; it ran year-round in 1965, but most tropical cyclones tend to form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between June and December. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.
The scope of this article is limited to the Pacific Ocean, north of the equator and west of the International Date Line. Storms that form east of the date line and north of the equator are called hurricanes; see 1965 Pacific hurricane season. Tropical Storms formed in the entire west pacific basin were assigned a name by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Tropical depressions in this basin have the "W" suffix added to their number. Tropical depressions that enter or form in the Philippine area of responsibility are assigned a name by the Philippine Weather Bureau. This can often result in the same storm having two names.
Systems
40 tropical depressions formed this year in the Western Pacific, of which 35 became tropical storms. 21 storms reached typhoon intensity, of which a record-tying 11 reached super typhoon strength and 8 reached category 5.
A surge in the southern hemisphere indraft developed into Tropical Depression 11W on June 12 to the east of the Philippines. It tracked west-northwestward, quickly strengthening to a tropical storm that day and a typhoon on the 13th. Dinah continued to quickly intensify as it turned to the northwest, and attained a peak of 185mph on the 17th to the northeast of Luzon. Its southerly inflow was cut off, and Dinah weakened as it turned to the north. It hit southern Taiwan on the 18th as a 140mph typhoon, and weakened greatly over the island to a tropical storm. At this time, Dinah exhibited a rare false radar eye. Dinah turned to the northeast, where it became extratropical near Japan on June 20. The storm killed 45people on its path, and destroyed 5000 homes on Taiwan.
160mph Super Typhoon Freda, which began its life on July 6, hit northern Luzon on the 13th. It crossed the island and the South China Sea, where it hit Hainan Island as a 115mph typhoon on the 15th. Freda dissipated the next day over China, after causing heavy flooding killing an unknown number of people. In Hong Kong, Freda killed 2people.[1]
Super Typhoon Jean, after reaching a peak of 160mph on August 3, weakened slightly to hit southwestern Japan as a 150mph super typhoon on August 5. The typhoon brought heavy winds to Southern Japan before becoming extratropical on the 7th. Typhoon Jean killed 28people throughout Southern Japan.[2]
On August 14 a tropical depression formed and was named Lucy after it became a tropical storm. Lucy became a typhoon and soon into a 175mph super typhoon. Lucy weakened and struck Japan as a minimal typhoon. Lucy dissipated on August 24.
175mph Super Typhoon Mary weakened from its peak to hit eastern Taiwan on August 18 as a 105mph typhoon. The typhoon brought strong winds and heavy rain before dissipating over China on the 20th.
130mph Typhoon Shirley, after weakening from a peak of 150mph, hit southern Japan on September 10, causing moderate damage and heavy rain. Resulting floods and landslides killed 67people and left 6missing.[2]
Typhoon Trix struck central Honshū Island in Japan just days after Typhoon Shirley. Trix caused heavy rains. 98people were killed and 9 were missing due to the resulting flooding and landslides.[2]
Typhoon Carmen formed from a vortex developing on September 30, 1965, becoming a tropical depression on October 1 near Eniwetok Atoll. It intensified into a tropical storm on October 3 and a typhoon by October 5. Carmen rapidly strengthened, peaking as a Category 5 equivalent super typhoon with winds of 280 km/h (170 mph) and a central pressure of 914 hPa on October 6. Its eye passed over Pagan in the Mariana Islands that day, causing catastrophic damage on Agrihan where all structures and crops were destroyed, forcing permanent evacuation. Carmen maintained peak intensity until October 9, when cold air intrusion began weakening it east of Tokyo. It accelerated northeastward, transitioning to an extratropical cyclone. Carmen weakened further, passing over the Aleutian Islands on October 11 and entering the Gulf of Alaska before dissipating near southeastern Alaska on October 15.
The typhoon caused severe impacts, particularly in the Northern Marianas. Before landfall, B-52s evacuated Guam. Agrihan was devastated. A major maritime disaster occurred when Carmen's center passed near Agrihan: seven fishing boats capsized attempting to flee, resulting in 1,290 tons lost, 208 people missing, and only 1 confirmed survivor (with 39 others rescued ashore). Relief efforts, including rebuilding Pagan's airstrip, were initiated.
The Philippine Weather Bureau uses its own naming scheme for tropical cyclones in their area of responsibility. It assigns names to tropical depressions that form within their area of responsibility and any tropical cyclone that might move into their area of responsibility. Should the list of names for a given year prove to be insufficient, names are taken from an auxiliary list, the first 6 of which are published each year before the season starts. Names not retired from this list will be used again in the 1969 season. PWB (and its eventual successor, PAGASA) uses its own naming scheme that starts in the Filipino alphabet, with names of Filipino female names ending with "ng" (A, B, K, D, etc.). Names that were not assigned/going to use are marked in gray.
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