The 2005 Pacific typhoon season was the least active typhoon season since 2000, producing 23 named storms, of which 13 became typhoons (including 4 super typhoons). It was an event in the annual cycle of tropical cyclone formation, in which tropical cyclones form in the western Pacific Ocean. The season ran throughout 2005, though most tropical cyclones typically develop between May and October. The season's first named storm, Kulap, developed on January 13, while the season's last named storm, Bolaven, dissipated on November 20. The season's first typhoon, Haitang, reached typhoon status on July 13, and became the first super typhoon of the year three days later.
The scope of this article is limited to the Pacific Ocean, to the north of the equator between 100°E and the 180th meridian. Within the northwestern Pacific Ocean, there are two separate agencies that assign names to tropical cyclones, which can often result in a cyclone having two names, one from the JMA and one from PAGASA. The Japan Meteorological Agency(JMA) will name a tropical cyclone should it be judged to have 10-minute sustained wind speeds of at least 65km/h (40mph) anywhere in the basin, while the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration(PAGASA) assigns names to tropical cyclones which move into or form as a tropical depression in their area of responsibility located between 135°E and 115°E and between 5°N–25°N regardless of whether or not a tropical cyclone has already been given a name by the JMA. Tropical depressions that are monitored by the United States' Joint Typhoon Warning Center(JTWC) are given a number with a "W" suffix.
During the year several national meteorological services and scientific agencies forecast how many tropical cyclones, tropical storms, and typhoons will form during a season and/or how many tropical cyclones will affect a particular country. These agencies included the Tropical Storm Risk(TSR) Consortium of University College London, PAGASA and Taiwan's Central Weather Bureau. Some of the forecasts took into consideration what happened in previous seasons and the La Niña conditions that were observed during the previous year.
On March 14, TSR published their extended range forecast for the 2005 season, in which the anticipated that they would see tropical activity slightly below the average.[2] They predicted that there would be a total of 25-26 tropical storms and 16 typhoons. The TSR, however, forecast that their number of intense typhoons would go slightly above the average, bringing their prediction of 10 intense typhoons. Their main reasons behind this is due to weaker trade force winds occurring in many parts of the basin, and there would be an enhanced cyclonic vorticity over the northwestern part of the Pacific.[2] On April 27, the GCACIC made their first forecast for the season, expecting about 24 tropical storms developing, in which 15 of them would strengthen into typhoons.[5] By May 5, TSR published their first forecast, still predicting a near average typhoon season. Around this time, 27-28 tropical storms, 17-18 typhoons and 9 intense typhoons were predicted, with the slight increase of the number of tropical storms were due to a slight increase in temperatures within the Niño 3.75 region.[1]
TSR's second forecast was released on June 7, now predicting a slightly above average season, with the only change for their predicted cyclone numbers was a slight increase of intense typhoons to 9.4.[3] The GCACIC made their second and final forecast for the season on June 24, slightly increasing their numbers to 25 tropical storms and 16 typhoons.[5] The TSR maintained their predictions after their third forecast update on July 5. Sea-surface temperatures within the Pacific were predicted to be more warmer than that predicted back in the May forecast.[4] On August 5, TSR released their fourth and final forecast for the season, still remaining the same numbers along with the same reasonings.[5]
Two simultaneous active tropical cyclones on August 22; Typhoon Mawar (left) and Tropical Storm Guchol (right)
The Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE) index for the 2005 Pacific typhoon season as calculated by Colorado State University using data from the Joint Typhoon Warning Center was 309.9units.[6]
The 2005 season was a near-average season, the number of typhoons in the year was twenty-three, much less than the average of twenty-seven. The number of typhoons that made landfall in Japan was three, which is almost the average (2.6). In general, this is not a year in which the impact of typhoons has been especially notable. The number of typhoons that passed near Okinawa was eight, which is slightly larger than the average of seven, and this is because this year there are some typhoons moving through the Sakishima Islands towards the Taiwan or China. This year's major typhoons are reviewed below.
Although the season was quiet, some typhoons caused extensive damages in many places, especially in China where eight typhoons struck the country. First, Typhoon Haitang became the strongest storm in the basin this year and caused about $1.1 billion in damages in Taiwan and China in mid July. In August, Typhoon Matsa made landfall in Eastern China and caused about $2.23 billion in damages. Later that same month, two powerful typhoons made landfall, causing extreme damage and some casualties. Similar to Haitang, Typhoon Longwang made landfall in Taiwan and China at a strong intensity causing damages.
On January12, a tropical disturbance developed within an area of light vertical wind shear. This allowed deep convection to develop over a broad low-level circulation. The next day, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (TCFA) as the system continued to develop. Later that day, they issued their first advisory on Tropical Depression 01W while the storm was located about 215km (134mi) southwest of Chuuk.[7][8] Several hours later, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) also designated the system as a tropical depression.[9] Early on January15, the JTWC upgraded 01W to a tropical storm[8] as the system turned towards the north. The northward movement was the result of the system traveling along the edge of a low to mid-level ridge located to the east.[7] About 12hours later, the JMA upgraded the depression to a tropical storm and gave it the name Kulap;[9] which was contributed by Thailand and is the Thai word for rose.[7] Kulap gradually intensified over the next two days, reaching its peak intensity with winds of 95km/h (59mph)10-minute winds) around 1800UTC on January17, making it a severe tropical storm according to the JMA.[9] However, at the same time the JMA assessed Kulap to have reached its peak intensity, the JTWC classified it as a minimal typhoon with winds of 120km/h (75mph)1-minute winds).[8] Shortly after reaching its peak intensity, the storm began to undergo an extratropical transition and weaken.[7] Late on January18, the JTWC issued their final advisory on Kulap despite the storm remaining tropical.[8] The JMA considered Kulap to have been a tropical storm until early the next day. The storm dissipated as a weak extratropical system around 1200UTC on January19.[9] Between January13 and 14, the storm produced heavy rains over the island of Chuuk. Upwards of 300mm (12in) of rain fell during the two-day span, of which 166.6 millimetres (6.56in) fell in 24hours.[7]
A tropical disturbance formed on March 11, near the equator. It rapidly developed into Tropical Depression 02W on March 13 as it steadily moved north, then west towards the Philippines. Later that day, it entered warm waters as it was upgraded into Tropical Storm Roke. Due to a strong ridge of high pressure north of it, it moved west-southwest, attaining peak intensity as a severe tropical storm. Roke then entered the PAR, giving the name Auring later that day. It made landfall in eastern Visayas on March 16. The next day, Roke rapidly weakened due to cool waters and dissipated on March 18. Roke is a male Chamorro name. Seven people were killed and damages amounted to $166,000(2005USD).[10]
A large area of convection formed on April 11. Late on April 14, a newly disorganized disturbance formed in that area and steadily intensified. The next two days, the disturbance interacted with another low-pressure area as it moved north towards warm waters. On April 17, the depression weakened due to strong vertical windshear. The JTWC designated as Tropical Depression 03W on April 18. Although the JMA started classifying it as a tropical depression on April 21. It rapidly intensified into a tropical storm, with the JMA naming it Sonca late on April 20. Very early on April 21, the PAGASA classified it as a storm, naming it Bising. Convection built up the storm again on April 22 and entered an area with favorable conditions. The next day, Sonca rapidly intensified into a Category 4 typhoon until it reached peak intensity on mid-April 24. Sonca rapidly weakened due to cool waters and dissipated on April 27.[citation needed]
On May 8, a parade of tropical disturbances formed and affected southern Philippines from an ITCZ. As the ITCZ weakened on May 13, the last disturbance formed southeast of Mindanao, Philippines. It moved north until it became a tropical depression on May 16 at 0000 UTC (0800 PHT) 180 nautical miles (330 kilometres) east of Surigao on Mindanao Island. It was assigned the name Crising by PAGASA. The storm never organized into a tropical storm and did not receive the more recognized International name for West Pacific storms. The storm drifted northwest then southwest and began losing convection. PAGASA stopped tracking the storm 24 hours later on the 17th at 0000 UTC (0800 PHT) 145 nautical miles (269 kilometres) east of Surigao.[citation needed]
A tropical depression formed from a tropical wave late on May 28. It rapidly intensified into Tropical Storm Nesat on May 30, rapidly moving west. This was a powerful storm that formed on May 30 about 290 nautical miles (540 kilometres) south-southeast of Guam as Tropical Depression 04W. It was quickly upgraded to Tropical Storm Nesat overnight at 1800 UTC (0200 PHT May 31). Nesat is a Cambodian word for fisherman. On the evening of June 1, it strengthened into Typhoon Nesat. On June 2, it entered the Philippine area of responsibility and was assigned the name Dante for Philippine warnings. Typhoon Nesat (Dante) quickly grew to a Category4 storm as it approached the Philippines, but it curved away to the northeast and did not pose a threat to land. Waxing and waning in strength it eventually became extratropical southeast of Honshū, Japan at tropical storm strength on the morning of June 10 at 0000 UTC (0900 JST).[citation needed]
A large tropical disturbance formed on July 2. The PAGASA issued a tropical depression strength near the Philippines on July 4 at 0600 UTC (1400 PHT) about 35 nautical miles (65 kilometres) northeast of Catarman on Samar Island, giving the name Emong. It was assigned the name Emong by PAGASA. The storm never organized into a tropical storm and did not receive the more recognized International name for West Pacific storms. As a poorly organized depression it drifted over Luzon on July 5. Upper-level shear and the depression's landfall caused the storm to lose organization on July 6 while located about 40 nautical miles (74 kilometres) south of Hong Kong.[citation needed]
An upper-level low associated with an easterly wave occurred late on July 7. It became a tropical depression on the evening of July 11 as a poorly organized depression about 110 nautical miles (200 kilometres) west of Marcus Island, Japan at 1200 UTC (2000 JST). By 1800 UTC (0300 JST July 13), it had reached tropical storm strength and was named Haitang, a Chinese name for flowering crabapple. It grew to typhoon strength at 1800 UTC (0300 JST July 14) the following day. As it moved westward it continued to gain in strength, reaching Categorythree status as it entered the Philippine area of responsibility. PAGASA named the storm Feria for Philippine warnings on July 15. By July 16, the storm continued tracking west and became a threat to Taiwan and Japan's Sakishima Islands. Haitang strengthened into a Category5 super typhoon. On July 17 it weakened to a Category3 as it continued west, sparing Sakishima a direct hit but aiming directly for Taiwan. Typhoon Haitang made landfall near Hualien, Taiwan at 0000 UTC (0800 HKT) on the morning of July 18. Taking a full day to cross the island and over the interior mountains, it caused flash floods and landslides killing four people. Weakening to a tropical storm as it entered the South China Sea, it reorganized into a minimal typhoon as it approached the southeast China coast. Haitang made landfall for the second time near Wenzhou China on July 19 at 1200 UTC (2000 HKT). Moving inland, it rapidly lost its strength and dissipated. PAGASA stopped issuing advisories for the storm near Jiangxi on July 20.[citation needed]
There were 15 deaths in Taiwan and another 14 in mainland China.[11][12]
An upper-level low formed on July 17 near warm waters. It steadily intensified, moving north on July 20, with both JMA and JTWC upgrading it as Tropical Storm Nalgae. Later that day, it passed by an area of convection and cluster of thunderstorms, reaching peak intensity on July 21. It maintained its intensity until the afternoon hours of July 22, but the JMA classified it as a severe tropical storm. Nalgae rapidly weakened as it was downgraded into a depression on July 23 by both agencies. The JTWC made its final warnings on the morning of July 24 as it became extratropical. The remnants of Nalgae was absorbed by a large extratropical system from Tropical Storm Banyan on July 28. In post-analysis, the JMA downgraded it to a Tropical Storm.
Tropical Storm Nalgae formed from a tropical disturbance 325 nautical miles (602 kilometres) northwest of Wake Island on the morning of July 20. Nalgae is a Korean word for wing. Nalgae did not reach typhoon intensity or threaten land. It turned to the north and then east, avoiding Japan.
A large tropical disturbance formed late on July 19, which formed in area of high convection and from the outflow of Typhoon Haitang. It rapidly intensified into a strong depression on July 21. While tracking northwards, it was named and upgraded as Tropical Storm Banyan later on July 22. Late on July 23, Banyan reached peak intensity of a severe tropical storm by the JMA until the sunset hours of July 24. Banyan rapidly weakened as it affected Japan by bringing heavy rainfall from July 25 to 28. It made landfall on July 26 and became a large extratropical system on July 27, which made the JTWC issued Banyan's final warning very early on that day. The system absorbed the extratropical remnants of Nalgae the next day and fully dissipated on July 31, affecting Alaska and Canada.
Severe Tropical Storm Banyan formed from a tropical disturbance about 300 nautical miles (560 kilometres) north of Yap Island on the evening of July 21 at 1200 UTC (2100 JST). Banyan is a tree common in India and southern China. Banyan brushed the southern and eastern coasts of Honshū, Japan on July 26. It became extratropical off the northeastern coast of Honshū on July 27.
A cluster of thunderstorms was pulled from the very strong outflow from Tropical Storm Banyan east of Manila, Philippines on July 26. The next day, it was classified into a tropical disturbance which was moving northwest towards Hong Kong. On July 28, it became a tropical depression and then a tropical storm the next day, with the JMA naming it as Washi. Later that day, it reached peak intensity and rapidly weakened due to an exposed circulation on July 31. Washi finally dissipated later that day, with its remnants energy moving west dissipating on August 2.
Tropical Storm Washi formed as a tropical depression about 215 nautical miles (398 kilometres) south of Hong Kong. Washi is a Japanese word for the constellation Aquila and it literally means "Japanese paper" The storm moved west towards Hainan. Tropical Storm Washi made its first landfall near Xinglong, Hainan. After re-entering the Gulf of Tonkin, the storm made its final landfall near Nam Định, Vietnam.
Typhoon Matsa (Gorio) formed as a depression 130 nautical miles (240 kilometres) west northwest of Yap Island. Matsa is a Laotian name for a lady fish. Matsa formed east of and then moved into the Philippine area of responsibility. It has been assigned the name Gorio for Philippine advisories. Matsa passed between Taiwan and Okinawa with the center of the storm passing over the Yaeyama Islands of Japan on the evening of August 4. The storm made landfall near Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangsu and Shanghai on mainland China on the morning of August 6 with maximum sustained winds of 145km/h (90mph). The storm rapidly dissipated inland over China but remnants brought heavy rain inland west of Shanghai.
Typhoon Sanvu (Huaning) formed as a tropical depression on the morning of August 10 at 0000 UTC (0800 PHT) 320 nautical miles east-northeast of Borongan on Samar Island inside the Philippine area of responsibility. PAGASA assigns names to Tropical Depressions because they often bring heavy rains and mudslides to the Philippines. Storm was named Tropical Depression Huaning for Philippine warnings but within 24 hours received the more recognized name Sanvu when it became a Tropical Storm. Sanvu is a Chinese name for coral. Tropical Storm Sanvu (Huaning) passed over a peninsula in Cagayan province on the island of Luzon early on the morning of August 12. It was upgraded to a typhoon before making landfall in China the next day on August 13. Sanvu (Huaning) rapidly dissipated after moving inland on August 14.
Sanvu was the first typhoon that necessitated a tropical cyclone signal for Hong Kong.
Another tropical disturbance formed east of Tropical Depression 11W on August 18. In the same time where 11W became Mawar, the disturbance rapidly intensified into Tropical Depression 12W on the morning of August 20 at 0000 UTC (0900 JST) 190 nautical miles (350kilometers) southwest of Marcus Island, Japan. It reached Tropical Storm strength the next day and was named Guchol, a Yapese name for the spice turmeric. It reached peak intensity late on August 23. Guchol curved to the northwest and never threatened land. It became extratropical August 25 at 0000 UTC (0900 JST) 735 nautical miles (1,361 kilometres) east-southeast of Nakashibetsu, Hokkaidō, Japan. The remnants of the storm dissipated and crossed the International Date Line on August 27.
A cluster of thunderstorms began to circulate into a tropical disturbance early on August 18. Its circulation became exposed and intensified again later that day. It became Tropical Depression 11W on the evening of August 19 at 1200 UTC (2100 JST) 245 nautical miles (455kilometers) southeast of Iwo Jima. The storm intensified rapidly in two days to a Category 4 Super Typhoon but weakened as it approached Japan. Mawar made landfall on Honshū as a Category 2 Typhoon on August 25 at 1800 UTC (August 26 0300 JST) with winds of 95mph (153km/h). After moving inland to the northwest it was downgraded to a Category1 typhoon before entering the Pacific Ocean. It was downgraded to a Tropical Storm on August 26 and became extratropical on August 27. The extratropical remnants of Mawar dissipated on August 30.[13] One person was killed and seven were injured in relation to Mawar.[14]
Tropical Depression 13W formed on the afternoon of August 26 at 0600 UTC northeast of the island of Yap. Within 24 hours it was upgraded to Tropical Storm Talim and the next day became a Typhoon. Talim is a Philippine name for a knife or sharp cutting edge. Typhoon Talim was assigned the name Typhoon Isang for Philippine warnings when it entered the Philippine area of responsibility on August 29. Typhoon Talim (Isang) made landfall at 1800 UTC August 31 (0200 PHT September 1) as a Category3 storm. Talim dissipated over southeastern China on September 1. Typhoon Talim left at least 110people dead and 23 missing in Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangxi & Anhui provinces, with at least 40people dead in the latter province due to landslides.
There were 167fatalities in China.[12] It also left 5 dead in Taiwan.[11]
Typhoon Nabi formed from a tropical depression on the afternoon of August 29 at 0600 UTC (1600 AEST) east of Saipan. 18 hours later it was upgraded to Tropical Storm Nabi. Nabi is a Korean word for a butterfly. It strengthened into a Typhoon on August 30 and passed near the islands of Saipan and Guam on August 31.After passing near the Marianas Islands, the storm continued to strengthen until reaching Category5 intensity on September 1. Typhoon Nabi was assigned the name Jolina for Philippine warnings when it entered the Philippine area of responsibility on September 3. Typhoon Nabi (Jolina) passed to the east of the island of Okinawa, Japan, and made landfall in the Kagoshima Prefecture of Japan on September 6 as a Category2 storm. It dissipated shortly after that.
Twenty-one deaths have been reported in Japan. On September 8, five people were missing in South Korea and fifty in Japan as a result of the storm. Japan also reported 143 injured. The storm damaged 10,000 homes in Japan, where 31 of 47 prefectures reported some damage. Eighty-eight roads in Japan were damaged, and 168 landslides were reported there. The heaviest damage was in Miyazaki prefecture on the island of Kyūshū. There were no deaths in the Marianas Islands. Saipan did experience heavy wind gusts of 120km/h (75mph). Guam experienced gale-force wind gusts in addition to approximately 75mm (3.0in) of rain.
Tropical Depression 15W formed from a well-defined low-pressure system located about 50 nautical miles (93 kilometres) east of Yap on September 6. It strengthened into a tropical storm later that day. The system was classified as a tropical storm by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center on September 6, while the Japan Meteorological Agency, the agency responsible for naming typhoons, did not upgrade the system until a day later. Tropical Storm 15W entered the Philippine area of responsibility on September 7. It was named Kiko by PAGASA first before being named Khanun by the JMA. Khanun is the Thai name for jackfruit. Typhoon Khanun (Kiko) made landfall in eastern China on September 11 at 0600 UTC (1400 HKT). Khanun dissipated the next day, September 12.
More than 800,000people were evacuated from their homes as the storm neared. Many people, evacuated by the army, were taken to schools, railway stations, hotels and other solid buildings to take shelter from the approaching storm.
The city of Taizhou, Zhejiang bore the initial brunt of the storm as it was close to where the storm made landfall, 220km south of Shanghai. Other coastal cities braced for the typhoon as it headed north.Damages totaled to $1.22billion (2005USD).[15] There were 25deaths in China.[12]
Japan's southern Sakishima Islands suffered strong winds, high waves and heavy rains as the storm passed. Opening hours at some polling stations were altered to make sure citizens could still vote in the Japanese general election despite the weather.
Tropical Depression 16W formed 205 nautical miles (380 kilometres) east-southeast of Dong Tac Airport, Vietnam on the morning of September 16. It reached Tropical Storm strength overnight local time and was named Vicente, a Chamorro male name. Shortly after forming, Vicente interacted with a tropical disturbance west of Luzon and made a cyclonic loop. Vicente then absorbed the disturbance before passing just south of Hainan Island. Eventually, Vicente tracked into the Vietnam coast northwest of Huế on September 18 and gradually dissipated.
As the pressure gradient between Vicente and a ridge of high pressure over southeastern China brought a strong easterly airstream to the coastal areas of Guangdong and caused rough seas with swells, a swimmer was drowned on September 17. Another one drowned the following day in rough seas at Sai Kung, Hong Kong. Also, a ship from China struck a reef between Shangchuan and Xiachuan Islands. All seventeen crew members were rescued.
In Vietnam, about 5people were killed or reported missing.
A tropical disturbance formed from the monsoon and moved northwest on September 15. The next day, it became more organized and the Japan Meteorological Agency initiated a warning for Tropical Depression 18W southwest of Marcus Island, Japan at 0000 UTC (0900 JST), September 20. The depression was upgraded to Tropical Storm Saola 18 hours later as it continued to strengthen moving westward. Due to a normal speed of a typhoon and warm waters, Saola became a typhoon and reached peak intensity early on September 22. The storm didn't made landfall but it affect Japan from September 23 to 25 by bringing heavy rainfall. Saola weakened to a tropical storm and became extratropical on September 26.
Due to its proximity to the Philippines, PAGASA assigned it the name Labuyo and began issuing advisories on a disturbed area of tropical weather to the east of the islands on September 19. The JMA started to warn on the system on the same day. On September 20 it was classified as Tropical Depression 17W by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. On September 21, it was upgraded to Tropical Storm Damrey. It strengthened into a typhoon on September 24. Damrey is a Cambodian word for elephant.
Typhoon Damrey (Labuyo) made landfall at Wanning, in China's Hainan province at 2000 UTC, September 25 (0400 September 26 local time) with maximum sustained winds up to 180km/h. This made Damrey the strongest typhoon to strike Hainan since Typhoon Marge in September 1973.
At least 16people are believed to have died in China, and the entire province of Hainan suffered power outages. Damrey then went on to impact Vietnam before losing tropical characteristics while a Tropical Storm. The Joint Typhoon Warning Center ceased advisories with the final one at 0900 UTC September 27 with the system 90 nautical miles (170km) south-southwest of Hanoi, Vietnam.
Tropical Depression 19W formed about 335 nautical miles (620km) south-southeast of Iwo Jima, Japan on September 26. The Joint Typhoon Warning Center initiated a warning for it at 0000 UTC the same day, and was upgraded to Tropical Storm Longwang six hours later. Longwang is Chinese for Dragon King. At 0300 UTC September 27, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center upgraded it to a typhoon. It continued to increase in strength as it tracked west to west-northwest towards Taiwan, and was upgraded to a super typhoon on September 29, acquiring annular characteristics. PAGASA named the storm Maring for Philippine warnings on September 29. Longwang made landfall at 0515 local time on October 2 south of Hualien City, Taiwan as a Category4 storm. Half a day later, at 2135 local time (1335 UTC), it made second landfall in Fujian Province, China as a minimal typhoon. Longwang dissipated on the next day.
Despite its intensity, Longwang caused mostly property damage, and claimed only one life in Taiwan.
The meteorological agencies is now operated of Guangdong and Hainan upgraded a low-pressure center over South China Sea to a tropical depression at 0800 local time, October 6. The Hong Kong Observatory followed suit 30 hours later. The JTWC finally issued a warning for this system at 1500 UTC October 7 (2300 local time), and tropical depression number 20W was issued to the system. The JTWC issued its final advisory on the system just six hours later, 55 nautical miles (102km) west-northwest of Huế, Vietnam. As the system never reached Tropical Storm strength, it was not given a name from the list. The only damage it did, if any, however, was that massive rainfall amounts were recorded – over 230mm (9.1in) were recorded in some parts of Hainan.
A large cluster of thunderstorms formed with convection developed and separated into three low-pressure areas on October 6. But due to warm waters in the western side, two failed to become storms and the Japan Meteorological Agency began issuing warnings for the other disturbance. This disturbance became Tropical Depression 21W while located southeast of Okinawa. At 1200 UTC, October 9 and assigned the name Kirogi to it at 0600 UTC next day. Prior to becoming a Tropical Storm, it entered the Philippine area of responsibility and was assigned the name Nando by PAGASA for Philippine warnings. JTWC finally issued a warning for Kirogi at 0900 UTC, October 10, despite listing it as a Tropical Depression. It was upgraded to a typhoon at 0000 UTC October 12, and reached Category4 strength about nine hours later. On October 16, Kirogi weakened was it pushes northeast. Kirogi was declared extratropical at 0300 UTC October 19. Kirogi is a Korean word for a type of migrating bird that lives in North Korea from autumn to spring.
A tropical disturbance developed north of Papua New Guinea on October 20. It entered in an area of favorable environments on October 23, as it slowly intensified. On October 25, it affected the Philippines and rapidly moved to the South China Sea on October 27. The next day, the Japan Meteorological Agency initiated marine warnings for a Tropical Depression. Fifteen hours later, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center issued the number 22W to the system. The next day it was upgraded to Tropical Storm Kai-tak. Kai-tak was a name submitted by Hong Kong in honor of their former airport. On October 30 it was upgraded to a Typhoon. Kai-tak made landfall north of Huế, Vietnam, early on the morning of November 2. At least 19 people were killed and 10 others were left missing in Vietnam. Damages from the storm were estimated to be at least $11million (2005USD).[16]
The Joint Typhoon Warning Center initiated warning for Tropical Depression 23W at 0900 UTC November 7, north-northwest of the Micronesian island of Yap. The storm gained enough power to warrant upgrading to a Tropical Storm 12 hours later. The system entered the Philippine area of responsibility on the morning of November 8 and was named Ondoy by PAGASA. The storm encountered shear as it moved west, and lost organisation on November 8, being downgraded to a tropical depression. On November 9 it regained tropical storm strength and had a better LLCC (low-level circulation centre). On November 10 it was named Tembin by the JMA. Tembin is a Japanese constellation for the group of stars known in the west as Libra. Tembin then made landfall near midnight November 11 local time in the northern Philippines and lost much of its circulation and convection. Tembin dissipated rapidly the next day.
A low-pressure area formed along from the outflow of Tropical Storm Tembin on November 10. The Joint Typhoon Warning Center initiated a TCFA warning for a low-pressure system about 150 nautical miles (280 kilometres) west-southwest of Palau late on November 12. This was upgraded to a tropical depression the next afternoon, 290 nautical miles (540 kilometres) west of Palau. Forming inside the Philippine area of responsibility it has been named Pepeng by PAGASA. It was named Bolaven on November 16 by the JMA. Bolaven is a Laotian word meaning plateau or mesa. Although it strengthened into a Category1 typhoon on November 17, it weakened to a tropical storm before making landfall on November 20 at about 800 local time in Cagayan Valley in the northern Philippines. Bolaven rapidly dissipated that same day north of the Philippines on November 21.
On December 16, a tropical disturbance developed and was given the name Quedan by PAGASA. Quedan organized into Tropical Depression 25W on December 18 off the northern coast of Borneo. On December 19, the JTWC classified it as a Tropical Storm. The JMA upgraded it to a tropical depression, but they warned it for a brief time. The storm dissipated early on December 20, as wind shear increased on the system.
Storm names
Within the North-western Pacific Ocean, both the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) and the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration assign names to tropical cyclones that develop in the Western Pacific, which can result in a tropical cyclone having two names.[17] The Japan Meteorological Agency's RSMC Tokyo— Typhoon Center assigns international names to tropical cyclones on behalf of the World Meteorological Organization's Typhoon Committee, should they be judged to have 10-minute sustained windspeeds of 65km/h (40mph).[18] While the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration assigns names to tropical cyclones which move into or form as a tropical depression in their area of responsibility located between 135°E and 115°E and between 5°N-25°N even if the cyclone has had an international name assigned to it.[17] The names of significant tropical cyclones are retired, by both PAGASA and the Typhoon Committee.[18] Should the list of names for the Philippine region be exhausted then names will be taken from an auxiliary list of which the first ten are published each season. Unused names are marked in gray.
During the season 23 named tropical cyclones developed in the Western Pacific and were named by the Japan Meteorological Agency, when it was determined that they had become tropical storms. These names were contributed to a list of a 140 names submitted by the fourteen members nations and territories of the ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee. Each of the names in this list, except for Damrey, Longwang, Kirogi, Kai-tak, Tembin, and Bolaven, were assigned to storms for the first time (and only, in the cases of Matsa and Nabi).
Kulap
Roke
Sonca
Nesat
Haitang
Nalgae
Banyan
Washi
Matsa
Sanvu
Mawar
Guchol
Talim
Nabi
Khanun
Vicente
Saola
Damrey
Longwang
Kirogi
Kai-tak
Tembin
Bolaven
Philippines
Auring
Bising
Crising
Dante
Emong
Feria
Gorio
Huaning
Isang
Jolina
Kiko
Labuyo
Maring
Nando
Ondoy
Pepeng
Quedan
Ramil(unused)
Santi(unused)
Tino(unused)
Urduja(unused)
Vinta(unused)
Wilma(unused)
Yolanda(unused)
Zoraida(unused)
Auxiliary list
Alamid(unused)
Bruno(unused)
Conching(unused)
Dolor(unused)
Ernie(unused)
Florante(unused)
Gerardo(unused)
Hernan(unused)
Isko(unused)
Jerome(unused)
During this season, PAGASA used its own naming scheme for the 22 tropical cyclones, that either developed within or moved into their self-defined area of responsibility.[19] Names not retired would be used again during the 2009 season. This was the same list used during 2001, except Bising, Dante, Nando, Pepeng, Ramil, Santi, Tino, Undang, Yolanda and Zoraida, which replaced Barok, Darna, Nanang, Pabling, Roleta, Sibak, Talahib, Ubbeng, Yaning and Zuma. The names Dante, Nando and Pepeng were used for the first time this year; Bising was previously included in the old lists.[19]
Following the season, the ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee would retire Matsa, Nabi, and Longwang from the naming lists. They would be replaced by Pakhar, Doksuri, and Haikui for future seasons. No PAGASA names were retired this year, although the unused name Undang was later changed to Urduja, as it was already retired in 1984.
Season effects
This table summarizes all the systems that developed within or moved into the North Pacific Ocean, to the west of the International Date Line during 2005. The tables also provide an overview of a system's intensity, duration, land areas affected and any deaths or damages associated with the system.
The 2006 Pacific typhoon season was a destructive and deadly season, although it was near-average in terms of activity with a total of 23 named storms, 15 typhoons, and six super typhoons. Compared to the previous season, more typhoons inflicted damage across several countries, particularly China and the Philippines, some of which made landfall at higher intensities. The ratio of intense typhoons to all typhoons is at 0.73, the highest since 1970.
The 2007 Pacific typhoon season was a near average season which featured 24 named storms, fourteen typhoons, and five super typhoons. It was an event in the annual cycle of tropical cyclone formation, in which tropical cyclones form in the western Pacific Ocean. The season ran throughout 2007, though most tropical cyclones typically develop between May and November. The season's first named storm, Kong-rey, developed on March 30, while the season's last named storm, Mitag, dissipated on November 27. The season's first typhoon, Yutu, reached typhoon status on May 18, and became the first super typhoon of the year on the next day.
The 2001 Pacific typhoon season was an average season with twenty-six named storms, sixteen typhoons and three super typhoons, with a near normal Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE) of 307.3 units. It ran year-round in 2001, with most tropical cyclones in the northwestern Pacific Ocean tending between May and November.
This timeline documents all of the events of the 2005 Pacific typhoon season, the period that tropical cyclones formed in the Western Pacific Ocean during the year. The scope of this article is limited to the Pacific Ocean, north of the equator between 100°E and the International Date Line. Tropical depressions that form in the basin were given a number with a "W" suffix by the United States' Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC). If a depression intensified into a tropical storm, it would be assigned a name by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA). In addition, the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) assigned names to tropical cyclones which were in their area of responsibility.
The 1992 Pacific typhoon season was the fourth consecutive above-average season, producing 31 tropical storms, 16 typhoons and five super typhoons. It had no official bounds; it ran year-round in 1992. Despite this, most tropical cyclones tend to form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between May and November. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.
The 1988 Pacific typhoon season was a very active season in terms of named storms, though it only featured 11 typhoons and 1 super typhoon. It had no official bounds; it ran year-round in 1988, but most tropical cyclones formed between May and November. Tropical storms that formed in the entire west Pacific basin were assigned a name by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Tropical depressions that enter or form in the Philippine area of responsibility are assigned a name by the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration or PAGASA. This can often result in the same storm having two names.
The 1980 Pacific typhoon season was a slightly-below average season when compared to the long-term average, though it featured several intense storms. It ran year-round in 1980, but most tropical cyclones formed between June and December. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. A total of 28 tropical depressions formed this year in the Western Pacific, of which 24 became tropical storms and were assigned a name by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Beginning in March, tropical cyclones formed in each subsequent month through December. Of the 24 named storms, 15 storms reached typhoon intensity, of which 2 reached super typhoon strength.
The 2008 Pacific typhoon season was a below average season which featured 22 named storms, eleven typhoons, and two super typhoons. The season had no official bounds; it ran year-round in 2008, but most tropical cyclones tend to form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between May and November. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.
This timeline documents all the storm formations, strengthening, weakening, landfalls, extratropical transitions, as well as dissipation during the 2008 Pacific typhoon season. The 2008 Pacific typhoon season officially started on January 1, 2008 and ended on January 1, 2009.
The 2009 Pacific typhoon season was a below average season that spawned only 22 named storms, 13 typhoons, and five super typhoons. Despite this, it was a very deadly season, with the Philippines having experienced its deadliest season in decades due to the impact of typhoons Ketsana and Parma, while typhoon Morakot went on to become the deadliest storm to impact Taiwan in its modern history. The first half of the season was very quiet, whereas the second half of the season was extremely active. The season's first named storm, Kujira, developed on May 3, while the season's last named storm, Nida, dissipated on December 3.
This timeline documents all of the events of the 2009 Pacific typhoon season which was the period that tropical cyclones formed in the Western Pacific Ocean during 2009, with most of the tropical cyclones forming between May and November. The scope of this article is limited to the Pacific Ocean, north of the equator between 100°E and the International Date Line. Tropical storms that form in the entire Western Pacific basin are assigned a name by the Japan Meteorological Agency. Tropical depressions that form in this basin are given a number with a "W" suffix by the United States' Joint Typhoon Warning Center. In addition, the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) assigns names to tropical cyclones that enter or form in the Philippine area of responsibility. These names, however, are not in common use outside of the Philippines.
The 2011 Pacific typhoon season was a below average season that produced a total of 21 named storms, 8 typhoons, and four super typhoons. This season was much more active than the previous season, although both seasons were below the Pacific typhoon average of 26. The season ran throughout 2011, though most tropical cyclone tend to develop between May and October. The season's first named storm, Aere, developed on May 7 while the season's last named storm, Washi dissipated on December 19.
The 2018 Pacific typhoon season was at the time, the costliest Pacific typhoon season on record, until the record was beaten by the following year. The season was well above-average, producing twenty-nine storms, thirteen typhoons, seven super typhoons and six Category 5 tropical cyclones. The season ran throughout 2018, though most tropical cyclones typically develop between May and October. The season's first named storm, Bolaven, developed on January 3, while the season's last named storm, Man-yi, dissipated on November 28. The season's first typhoon, Jelawat, reached typhoon status on March 29, and became the first super typhoon of the year on the next day.
The 2020 Pacific typhoon season was the first of an ongoing series of below average Pacific typhoon seasons, and became the first with below-average tropical cyclone activity since 2014, with 23 named storms, 10 of which became typhoons and only 2 became super typhoons. This low activity was a consequence of La Niña that persisted from the summer of the year. It had the sixth-latest start in the basin on record, slightly behind 1973, and was the first to start that late since 2016. The first half of the season was unusually inactive, with only four systems, two named storms and one typhoon at the end of July. Additionally, the JTWC recorded no tropical cyclone development in the month of July, the first such occurrence since reliable records began. Despite that, this season featured Super Typhoon Goni, which made the strongest landfall worldwide in terms of 1-minute wind speed. The season's first named tropical cyclone, Vongfong, developed on May 8, while the season's last named tropical cyclone, Krovanh, dissipated on December 24. However, the season's last system was an unnamed tropical depression which dissipated on December 29.
Most of the tropical cyclones of the 2013 Pacific typhoon season formed between May and November of that year. The scope of this article is the Pacific Ocean north of the equator, between 100°E and the International Date Line. Tropical storms which form in the Western Pacific basin are assigned a name by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA). Tropical depressions forming in this basin are given a number with a "W" suffix by the United States' Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC). The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) assigns names to tropical cyclones that enter or form in the Philippine area of responsibility, but these names are not in common use outside the Philippines.
This timeline documents all of the events of the 2011 Pacific typhoon season, the period that tropical cyclones formed in the Western Pacific Ocean in 2011. Most of the tropical cyclones formed between May and November 2011. The scope of this article is limited to the Pacific Ocean, north of the equator between 100°E and the International Date Line. Tropical storms that form in the entire Western Pacific basin are assigned a name by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA). Tropical depressions that form in this basin are given a number with a "W" suffix by the United States' Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC). In addition, the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) assigns names to tropical cyclones that enter or form in the Philippine area of responsibility. These names, however, are not in common use outside of the Philippines.
This timeline documents all of the events of the 2014 Pacific typhoon season. Most of the tropical cyclones forming between May and November. The scope of this article is limited to the Pacific Ocean, north of the equator between 100°E and the International Date Line. Tropical storms that form in the entire Western Pacific basin are assigned a name by the Japan Meteorological Agency. Tropical depressions that form in this basin are given a number with a "W" suffix by the United States' Joint Typhoon Warning Center. In addition, the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) assigns names to tropical cyclones that enter or form in the Philippine area of responsibility. These names, however, are not in common use outside of the Philippines.
This timeline documents all of the events of the 2012 Pacific typhoon season. The scope of this article is limited to the Pacific Ocean, north of the equator between 100°E and the International Date Line. During the season, 34 systems were designated as tropical depressions by either the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA), the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC), or other National Meteorological and Hydrological Services such as the China Meteorological Administration and the Hong Kong Observatory. Since the JMA runs the Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre (RSMC) for the Western Pacific, they assigned names to tropical depressions which developed into tropical storms in the basin. PAGASA also assigned local names to systems which are active in their area of responsibility; however, these names are not in common use outside of the Philippines.
The 2021 Pacific typhoon season was the second consecutive to have below average tropical cyclone activity, with twenty-two named storms, and was the least active since 2011. Nine became typhoons, and five of those intensified into super typhoons. This low activity was caused by a strong La Niña that had persisted from the previous year. The season's first named storm, Dujuan, developed on February 16, while the last named storm, Rai, dissipated on December 21. The season's first typhoon, Surigae, reached typhoon status on April 16. It became the first super typhoon of the year on the next day, also becoming the strongest tropical cyclone in 2021. Surigae was also the most powerful tropical cyclone on record in the Northern Hemisphere for the month of April. Typhoons In-fa and Rai are responsible for more than half of the total damage this season, adding up to a combined total of $2.02 billion.
The 2022 Pacific typhoon season was the third consecutive season to have below average tropical cyclone activity, with twenty-five named storms forming. Of the tropical storms, ten became typhoons, and three would intensify into super typhoons. The season saw near-average activity by named storm count, although many of the storms were weak and short-lived, particularly towards the end of the season. This low activity was caused by an unusually strong La Niña that had persisted from 2020. The season's first named storm, Malakas, developed on April 6, while the last named storm, Pakhar, dissipated on December 12. The season's first typhoon, Malakas, reached typhoon status on April 12. The season ran throughout 2022, though most tropical cyclones typically develop between May and October. Tropical storms Megi and Nalgae were responsible for more than half of the casualties, while typhoons Hinnamnor and Nanmadol both caused $1 billion in damages.
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