 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The 2002 Indian presidential election was held on 15 July 2002 to elect President of India. On 18 July 2002, the results were declared. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam became the 11th President by beating his nearest rival Lakshmi Sahgal. [1]
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The 2002 Indian presidential election was held on 15 July 2002 to elect President of India. On 18 July 2002, the results were declared. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam became the 11th President by beating his nearest rival Lakshmi Sahgal. [1]
The election was fought between two major candidates, A. P. J. Abdul Kalam and Lakshmi Sahgal. [1] Kalam was backed by the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party and its National Democratic Alliance. All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam, Telugu Desam Party and Bahujan Samaj Party also supported his candidature. [2] The major opposition party Indian National Congress, two days after the nomination, declared its support to Kalam's candidature. [3]
Left Front were opposed to Kalam's candidature, and eventually nominated freedom fighter and Indian National Army's Rani of Jhansi Regiment commander Lakshmi Sahgal as their candidate. [4]
| States | No. of MLA/MPs | Value of each Vote | Total (Votes) | Total (Values) | A. P. J. Abdul Kalam (Votes) | A. P. J. Abdul Kalam (Values) | Lakshmi Sahgal (Votes) | Lakshmi Sahgal (Values) | Invalid (Votes) | Invalid (Values) | Valid (Votes) | Valid (Values) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Members of Parliament | 776 | 708 | 760 | 538,080 | 638 | 451,704 | 80 | 56,640 | 42 | 29,736 | 718 | 508,344 |
| Andhra Pradesh | 294 | 148 | 283 | 41,884 | 264 | 39,072 | 2 | 296 | 17 | 2,516 | 266 | 39,368 |
| Arunachal Pradesh | 60 | 8 | 57 | 456 | 57 | 456 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 57 | 456 |
| Assam | 126 | 116 | 119 | 13,804 | 113 | 13,108 | 1 | 116 | 5 | 580 | 114 | 13,224 |
| Bihar | 243 | 173 | 234 | 40,482 | 215 | 37,195 | 17 | 2,941 | 2 | 346 | 232 | 40,136 |
| Chhattisgarh | 90 | 129 | 90 | 11,610 | 85 | 10,965 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 645 | 85 | 10,965 |
| Goa | 40 | 20 | 39 | 780 | 34 | 680 | 3 | 60 | 2 | 40 | 37 | 740 |
| Gujarat | 182 | 147 | 179 | 26,313 | 174 | 25,578 | 2 | 294 | 3 | 441 | 176 | 25,872 |
| Haryana | 90 | 112 | 86 | 9,632 | 86 | 9,632 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 86 | 9,632 |
| Himachal Pradesh | 68 | 51 | 64 | 3,264 | 62 | 3,162 | 1 | 51 | 1 | 51 | 63 | 3,213 |
| Jammu and Kashmir | 87 | 72 | 78 | 5,616 | 72 | 5,184 | 2 | 144 | 4 | 288 | 74 | 5,328 |
| Jharkhand | 81 | 176 | 79 | 13,904 | 74 | 13,024 | 5 | 880 | 0 | 0 | 79 | 13,904 |
| Karnataka | 224 | 131 | 220 | 28,820 | 202 | 26,462 | 13 | 1,703 | 5 | 655 | 215 | 28,165 |
| Kerala | 140 | 152 | 138 | 20,976 | 97 | 14,744 | 39 | 5,928 | 2 | 304 | 136 | 20,672 |
| Madhya Pradesh | 230 | 131 | 229 | 29,999 | 216 | 28,296 | 2 | 262 | 11 | 1,441 | 218 | 28,558 |
| Maharashtra | 288 | 175 | 280 | 49,000 | 264 | 46,200 | 9 | 1,575 | 7 | 1,225 | 273 | 47,775 |
| Manipur | 60 | 18 | 58 | 1,044 | 50 | 900 | 4 | 72 | 4 | 72 | 54 | 972 |
| Meghalaya | 60 | 17 | 56 | 952 | 53 | 901 | 1 | 17 | 2 | 34 | 54 | 918 |
| Mizoram | 40 | 8 | 40 | 320 | 40 | 320 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 42 | 320 |
| Nagaland | 60 | 9 | 60 | 540 | 54 | 486 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 54 | 54 | 486 |
| Orissa | 147 | 149 | 146 | 21,754 | 130 | 19,370 | 12 | 1,788 | 4 | 596 | 142 | 21,158 |
| Punjab | 117 | 116 | 110 | 12,760 | 87 | 10,092 | 9 | 1,044 | 14 | 1,624 | 96 | 1,1136 |
| Rajasthan | 200 | 129 | 197 | 25,413 | 189 | 24,381 | 2 | 258 | 6 | 774 | 191 | 24,639 |
| Sikkim | 32 | 7 | 32 | 224 | 30 | 210 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 14 | 30 | 210 |
| Tamil Nadu | 234 | 176 | 233 | 41,111 | 217 | 38,192 | 10 | 1,760 | 6 | 1,056 | 227 | 39,952 |
| Tripura | 60 | 26 | 60 | 1,560 | 17 | 442 | 41 | 1,066 | 2 | 52 | 58 | 1,508 |
| Uttarakhand | 70 | 64 | 69 | 4,416 | 63 | 4,032 | 3 | 192 | 3 | 192 | 66 | 4,224 |
| Uttar Pradesh | 403 | 208 | 397 | 82,576 | 386 | 80,288 | 2 | 416 | 9 | 1,872 | 388 | 80,704 |
| West Bengal | 294 | 151 | 292 | 44,092 | 90 | 13,590 | 197 | 29,747 | 5 | 755 | 287 | 43,337 |
| Delhi | 70 | 58 | 70 | 4,060 | 65 | 3,770 | 2 | 116 | 3 | 174 | 67 | 3,886 |
| Pondicherry | 147 | 127 | 145 | 18,415 | 147 | 448 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 32 | 28 | 448 |
| TOTALS | 4,896 | 4,785 | 1,075,819 | 4,152 | 922,884 | 459 | 107,366 | 174 | 45,569 | 4,611 | 1,030,250 | |
| Source: Election Commission of India | ||||||||||||
Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul KalamBR was an Indian aerospace scientist and statesman who served as the 11th president of India from 2002 to 2007. Born and raised in a Muslim family in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, he studied physics and aerospace engineering. He spent the next four decades as a scientist and science administrator, mainly at the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and was intimately involved in India's civilian space programme and military missile development efforts. He thus came to be known as the Missile Man of India for his work on the development of ballistic missile and launch vehicle technology. He also played a pivotal organisational, technical, and political role in India's Pokhran-II nuclear tests in 1998, the first since the original nuclear test by India in 1974.
The president of India is the head of state of the Republic of India. The president is the nominal head of the executive, the first citizen of the country, as well as the supreme commander of the Indian Armed Forces. Droupadi Murmu is the 15th and current president, having taken office from 25 July 2022.
The Indian National Congress (INC), colloquially the Congress Party or simply the Congress, is a political party in India with deep roots in most regions of India. Founded on 28 December 1885, it was the first modern nationalist movement to emerge in the British Empire in Asia and Africa. From the late 19th century, and especially after 1920, under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi, the Congress became the principal leader of the Indian independence movement. The Congress led India to independence from the United Kingdom, and significantly influenced other anti-colonial nationalist movements in the British Empire.
Lal Krishna Advani is an Indian politician who served as the 7th Deputy Prime Minister of India from 2002 to 2004. He is one of the co-founders of Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and a member of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), a right-wing Hindu nationalist volunteer organization. He is the longest serving Minister of Home Affairs serving from 1998 to 2004. He is also the longest serving Leader of the Opposition in the Lok Sabha. He was the prime ministerial candidate of the BJP during the 2009 general election.
Lakshmi Sahgal was a revolutionary of the Indian independence movement, an officer of the Indian National Army, and the Minister of Women's Affairs in the Azad Hind government. Lakshmi is commonly referred to in India as Captain Lakshmi, a reference to her rank when taken prisoner in Burma during the Second World War.
Purno Agitok Sangma was an Indian politician who has served as the 4th Chief Minister of Meghalaya from 1988 to 1990 and the 11th Speaker of the Lok Sabha from 1996 to 1998. He served as a member of the Lok Sabha from Tura in Meghalaya from 2014 to 2016, 1991 to 2008 and from 1977 to 1989 and the minister of Information and Broadcasting in the Rao ministry from 1995 to 1996. He was the founder of National People's Party and co-founder of Nationalist Congress Party.
The Communist Party of India (Marxist) (abbreviated as CPI(M)) is a communist political party in India. It is the largest communist party in India in terms of membership and electoral seats, and one of the national parties of India. The party was founded through a splitting from the Communist Party of India in 1964 and it quickly became the dominant faction.
The All India Forward Bloc (abbr.AIFB) is a left-wing nationalist political party in India. It emerged as a faction within the Indian National Congress in 1939, led by Subhas Chandra Bose. The party re-established as an independent political party after the independence of India. During the 1951–1952 and 1957 Indian general election, the party was known as Forward Bloc (Marxist). It has its main stronghold in West Bengal. The party's current Secretary-General is G. Devarajan. Veteran Indian politicians Sarat Chandra Bose (brother of Subhas Chandra Bose) and Chitta Basu had been the stalwarts of the party in independent India.
Sikander Bakht was an Indian politician belonging to the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) who served as the 15th governor of Kerala from 2002 until his death. He was elected as the Vice President of the BJP, served as its leader in the Rajya Sabha, and as a cabinet minister in the NDA government headed by Atal Bihari Vajpayee. In 2000, he was awarded Padma Vibhushan, the second highest civilian honour of the Government of India.
Revolutionary Socialist Party (RSP) is a communist party in India. The party was founded on 19 March 1940 by Tridib Chaudhuri and has its roots in the Bengali liberation movement Anushilan Samiti and the Hindustan Socialist Republican Army.
Bhairon Singh Shekhawat was an Indian politician who served as the 11th vice president of India. He served in that position from August 2002, when he was elected to a five-year term by the electoral college following the death of Krishan Kant, until he resigned on 21 July 2007, after losing the presidential election to Pratibha Patil. Bhairon Singh Shekhawat was a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party. He served as the Chief Minister of Rajasthan three times, from 1977 to 1980, 1990 to 1992 and 1993 to 1998. He represented several constituencies in Rajasthan Vidhan Sabha from 1952 to 2002. He was also awarded Padma Bhushan in the year 2003.
Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit was an Indian freedom fighter, diplomat and politician. She served as the 8th President of the United Nations General Assembly from 1953 to 1954, the first woman appointed to this post. She was also the 3rd Governor of Maharashtra from 1962 to 1964. Noted for her participation in the Indian independence movement, she was jailed several times during the movement.
Nayantara Sahgal is an Indian writer who writes in English. She is a member of the Nehru–Gandhi family, the second of the three daughters born to Jawaharlal Nehru's sister, Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit.
Krishan Kant was an Indian politician who served as the tenth vice president of India from 1997 until his death in 2002. Prior to his vice presidency, Kant was the governor of Andhra Pradesh from 1990 to 1997. He was a member of both houses of the Indian Parliament, representing Chandigarh in the Lok Sabha from 1977 to 1980, and Haryana in the Rajya Sabha from 1966 to 1977.
Subhasini Ali is an Indian Marxist politician. She is a Polit Buro Member of the Communist Party of India (Marxist). She is also the former President of the All India Democratic Women's Association and former Member of Parliament from Kanpur.
Najma Akbar Ali Heptulla is an Indian politician. She was the Chancellor of Jamia Millia Islamia from 2017 to 2023, until Mufaddal Saifuddin was elected as new Chancellor on 14 March 2023. She was a six time member of the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of the Indian parliament, between 1980 and 2016, and Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha for sixteen years when she was a member of Congress. Later she was nominated vice-president of Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) in 2012, and was a minister from 2014-2016 as a member of BJP in Narendra Modi's first government. From 2016 to 2021, she served as the 16th Governor of Manipur.
The 14th indirect presidential election, in order to elect the 13th President, was held in India on 19 July 2012. The last date for filing nominations was 30 June, whereas the votes would be counted on 22 July. The two leading candidates for the presidency were former Finance Minister Pranab Mukherjee from West Bengal and former Speaker of the Lok Sabha Purno Agitok Sangma from Meghalaya.
Jothimani Sennimalai, also known mononymously as Jothimani, is an Indian politician, writer, and social worker. A member of the Indian National Congress, she was elected to the Lok Sabha from Karur, Tamil Nadu in 2019. Having joined politics at a young age, Jothimani served separate terms as the General Secretary and Vice President of Indian Youth Congress and Tamil Nadu Youth Congress respectively.
Elections in the Republic of India in 2002 included elections to seven state legislative assemblies and the elections for the posts of President and vice-president.
