2012 Historic Grand Prix of Monaco

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2012 Historic Grand Prix of Monaco
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Monte Carlo Formula 1 track map.svg
Circuit de Monaco
Race details
Date 1113 May 2012
Official name 8e Grand Prix de Monaco Historique
Location Circuit de Monaco
Course Street circuit
Course length 3.340 km (2.075 miles)

The 2012 Historic Grand Prix of Monaco was the eighth running of the Historic Grand Prix of Monaco, a motor racing event for heritage Grand Prix, Voiturettes, Formula One, Formula Two and Sports cars.

Contents

Report

Former F1 driver Arturo Merzario was entered for Race A in an Alfa Romeo 8C 35, but could not take part in any of the sessions due to mechanical issues. [1]

Race D featured a Ferrari 1512, the car which carried Ferrari's first flat-12 engine. This car had recently been restored with the help of the original designer Mauro Forghieri; [1] it was an early retirement due to mechanical teething problems, but was highly competitive in future events, finishing runner-up in 2016 and 2018.

Roger Wills set the fastest time in practice for Race E, but collided with another car and could not take the start of the race. Andrew Smith inherited pole position. The session was red-flagged and Duncan Dayton had no opportunity to set a representative lap time. He started the race from 22nd place but put on a storming drive, running 8th after the first lap and going on to win. [1]

Race G saw such a large number of entries that the grid was decided by two qualifying races, with even-numbered cars forming the outside line and odd-numbered cars forming the inside line. Pole for the odd-numbered race was taken by Matteo Marzotto  [ it ] (nephew of 1952 Monaco Grand Prix winner Vittorio) in his first ever motor race, but Paolo Barilla passed him to claim the front-row spot. Pole for the feature was awarded to even-numbered race winner Ben Barker. The race was red-flagged due to rain after 10 laps.

The rain also caused Race F, the final session of the day, to be shortened. [1] Oliver Hancock ran strongly in his first race in a F1 car, only to crash on the last lap. He was still classified seventh, the first car a lap down. [2]

Results

Summary

SérieCarsYears

Pole position

Fastest lap

Race winner
AVoiturettes and Grand PrixPre-1952 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Julian Bronson Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Julian Bronson2:00.002 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Julian Bronson
BFormula 1 and Formula 2Pre-1961 Flag of the United States.svg Duncan Dayton 1:53.113 Flag of New Zealand.svg Roger Wills
CSports cars and sports prototypesPre-1953 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Alex Buncombe Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Alex Buncombe 2:03.291 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Alex Buncombe
DGrand Prix - rear engine1961-1965 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Andy Middlehurst Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Andy Middlehurst 1:55.616 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Andy Middlehurst
EFormula 1 - 3 litre1966-1972 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Andrew Smith Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Andrew Smith1:37.450 Flag of the United States.svg Duncan Dayton
FFormula 1 - 3 litre1973-1978 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Michael Lyons Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Michael Lyons1:59.140 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Michael Lyons
GFormula 3 - 2000 cm3Pre-1985 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Ben Barker Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Ben Barker 1:40.555 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Ben Barker

Série A: Pre 1952 Voiturettes and Grand Prix Cars

Pos.No.DriverCarYearLapsTime/retiredGrid
136 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Julian Bronson ERA R4D 19381020:17.7941
232 Flag of Ireland.svg Paddins Dowling ERA B 193610+0.736
320 Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg Michael Gans ERA B 193510+48.035
422 Flag of the United States.svg Ian Landy ERA B 193610+51.523
52 Flag of Germany.svg Frank Stippler Maserati 8CM 193410+59.427
64 Flag of Germany.svg Willi Balz Maserati 8CM 193710+1:15.598
78 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Thomas Dark Bugatti 59/50BIII 193810+2:10.858
818 Flag of France.svg Jean-Jacques Bally Gordini T11/15 194710+2:11.040
966 Flag of Italy.svg Federico Buratti Maserati 6CM/4CM 19369+1 lap
1024 Flag of Germany.svg Rainer Ott ERA B 19369+1 lap
1110 Flag of the United States.svg Ed Davies Alfa Romeo 8C Monza 19329+1 lap
1246 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Richard Last MG Parnell K3 19339+1 lap
1348 Flag of France.svg Thierry Chanoine Riley Dobbs 19359+1 lap
1426 Flag of Germany.svg Klaus Lehr Talbot-Lago T26C 19489+1 lap
1552 Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Christian Dumolin Maserati A6GCS 19479+1 lap
166 Flag of France.svg Paul-Emile Bessade Bugatti 51 19349+1 lap
1750 Flag of France.svg Ralf Emmerling Riley Brooklands 19289+1 lap
1838 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg David Hands Bugatti 39 19259+1 lap
1916 Flag of France.svg Eric Leroy Gordini T11/15 19478+2 laps
2042 Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg Jürg König Bugatti 37A 19268+2 laps
2140 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Julia de Baldanza Bugatti 35B 19298+2 laps
2244 Flag of Argentina.svg Manuel Eliçabe Bugatti 37 19268+2 laps
2312 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Tony Smith Alfa Romeo P3 19345+5 laps
2434 Flag of the United States.svg Charles McCabe ERA B 19362+8 laps
DNS54 Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg Roland Portmann Maserati 4CL 1939
DNS Flag of Italy.svg Arturo Merzario Alfa Romeo 8C 35 1935
Sources: [3] [1]

Série B: Pre 1961 Grand Prix Cars and F2

Pos.No.DriverCarYearLapsTime/retiredGrid
160 Flag of New Zealand.svg Roger Wills Cooper T51 19591019:14.3041/2
230 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Gary Pearson BRM P25 195810+14.531
334 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Barrie Baxter BRM P48 196010+43.556
456 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Nick Wigley Cooper T51 195910+57.731
526 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Tony Wood Tec-Mec 250F 195810+58.084
644 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Eddie McGuire Lotus 16 195810+1:09.251
72 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Ian Nuthall Alta F2 195210+1:26.249
814 Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Paul Grant Cooper T23 (Mk2) 195310+1:30.613
916 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg William Nuthall Cooper T23 (Mk2) 195310+1:31.015
1024 Flag of Germany.svg Willi Balz Maserati 250F 195810+1:41.286
1138 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Marshall Bailey JBW Type 1 195910+1:53.910
128 Flag of the Netherlands.svg Adrien van der Kroft HWM-Alta F2/52 19529+1 lap
1350 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Allan Miles Cooper T41 19579+1 lap
1452 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg John Bussey Cooper T43 19579+1 lap
1518 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Steve Russell Cooper T23 (Mk2) 19539+1 lap
1640 Flag of Germany.svg Wulf Goetze Cooper T40 Bobtail 19559+1 lap
1710 Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Marc Valvekens Gordini 16 19529+1 lap
1828 Flag of Italy.svg Beppe Gabbiani Lancia Marino F1 19549+1 lap
1942 Flag of the United States.svg Duncan Dayton Lotus 16 19598+2 laps1/2
2020 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Julia de Baldanza Maserati A6GCM 19518+2 laps
2158 Flag of Italy.svg Marco Masini Cooper T51 19598+2 laps
224 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Kurt Engelhorn Connaught A 19538+2 laps
2362 Flag of Monaco.svg Andrea Giuliani Cooper T51 19617+3 laps
2448 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg John Chisholm Lotus 18 19601+9 laps
2512 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Barry Wood Cooper T20 (Mk1) 19521+9 laps
2646 Flag of Spain.svg Joaquín Folch-Rusiñol Lotus 16 19591+9 laps
DNS36 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Tony Smith Ferrari Dino 246 1960
DNS54 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Joe Twyman Cooper T45 1958
Sources: [4] [1]

Série C: Pre 1953 Sports and Sports Prototypes Cars

Pos.No.DriverCarYearLapsTime/retiredGrid
166 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Alex Buncombe Jaguar C-Type 19521020:59.3851
228 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg John Ure Frazer Nash Le Mans Replica (Mk2) 195210+30.282
368 Flag of Brazil.svg Carlos Monteverde Jaguar C-Type 195210+54.621
456 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Nick Wigley Gordini T23S 194910+1:07.852
564 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg David Wenman Jaguar C-Type 195210+1:24.972
678 Flag of Italy.svg Massimiliano Bettati Allard J2X 195210+1:28.135
78 Flag of Germany.svg Lutz Rathenow Veritas RS2000 194810+1:36.871
874 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Mark Midgley Aston Martin DB3 195210+1:38.718
960 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Nigel Webb Jaguar C-Type 195210+1:39.843
106 Flag of Austria.svg Dieter Quester BMW 328 193710+1:41.567
1116 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg James Wood Frazer Nash Le Mans Replica 195010+1:42.410
1212 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Philip Champion Frazer Nash Mille Miglia 195110+2:06.750
1372 Flag of Germany.svg Wolfgang Friedrichs Aston Martin DB3 195210+2:15.796
1476 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Martin Melling Aston Martin DB3 19529+1 lap
1518 Flag of the United States.svg John Breslow Frazer Nash Le Mans Replica (Mk2) 19529+1 lap
1614 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Holly Mason-Franchitti Frazer Nash Competition 19499+1 lap
1710 Flag of Spain.svg Juan Quintano Ferrari 166 MM 19509+1 lap
182 Flag of Spain.svg Carlos de Miguel OSCA MT4 19509+1 lap
1958 Flag of the United States.svg Najeeb Khan Ferrari 225 S 19529+1 lap
2077 Flag of the United States.svg Alan Patterson Allard J2X 19528+2 laps
2120 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Patrick Blakeney-Edwards Frazer Nash Le Mans Replica (Mk2) 19525+5 laps
2280 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Patrick Watts Allard J2 19503+7 laps
Sources: [5] [1]

Série D: 1961 - 1965, rear engined Grand Prix cars

Pos.No.DriverCarYearLapsTime/retiredGrid
19 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Andy Middlehurst Lotus 25 19621223:42.2531
219 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Sidney Hoole Cooper T66 196312+9.7593
314 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Paul Drayson Lotus 24 196212+10.8542
41 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Roy Walzer Brabham BT11 196412+37.018
538 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Alan Baillie Cooper T71 196412+40.962
68 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Dan Collins Lotus 21 196112+41.832
712 Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Michel Wanty Lotus 24 196212+50.369
86 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg John Elliott Lotus 18 196012+1:18.907
936 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Alex Morton Lotus 21 196112+1:34.388
1022 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg David Coplowe Lotus 24 196212+1:35.296
112 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Nigel Williams Lotus 24 196212+2:17.224
1226 Flag of France.svg "Mister John of B" Lola Mk4 196211+1 lap
135 Flag of Italy.svg Jason Wright ATS 100 196411+1 lap
1432 Flag of Germany.svg Rudolf Ernst Lotus 18 196111+1 lap
1517 Flag of Argentina.svg Jorge Ferioli Lola Mk4 196211+1 lap
1630 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Stephen Bond Lotus 18 196111+1 lap
1728 Flag of Italy.svg Ross Zampatti De Tomaso F1 196111+1 lap
187 Flag of Australia (converted).svg Scotty Taylor Lotus 18 196111+1 lap
1940 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Rodger Newman Brabham BT14 196511+1 lap
2024 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Brian Anthony Ashby Emeryson F1 196111+1 lap
214 Flag of the United States.svg Kurt DelBene BRP-BRM 196410+2 laps
2234 Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Guy Peeters Lotus 18/21 19612+10 laps
2310 Flag of the United States.svg Joe Colasacco Ferrari 1512 19641+11 laps
No lap20 Flag of the United States.svg Douglas Mockett Cooper T53 1961
DNS11 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Frank Sytner Lotus 24 1962
DNS18 Flag of the United States.svg John Delane Scirocco-BRM 1962
Sources: [6] [1]

Série E: Pre 1973, Formula 1, 3 litre cars (1966 - 1972)

Pos.No.DriverCarYearLapsTime/retiredGrid
18 Flag of the United States.svg Duncan Dayton Brabham BT33 19701832:06.56622
227 Flag of the United States.svg Michael Fitzgerald March 711 197118+25.250
321 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Andrew Smith March 701 197018+1:18.7631
46 Flag of the United States.svg John Delane Tyrrell 006 197218+1:23.308
53 Flag of the United States.svg Bradley Hoyt Ferrari 312 196918+1:35.692
611 Flag of Monaco.svg Roald Goethe McLaren M14A 197017+1 lap
723 Flag of Italy.svg Bruno Ferrari March 701 197016+2 laps
818 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Robert Lamplough BRM P180 197216+2 laps
922 Flag of Turkey.svg Cengiz Artam March 701 197016+2 laps
107 Flag of the United States.svg John Goodman Ferrari 312B 197116+2 laps
1120 Flag of France.svg Christophe Caternet Matra MS120B 197116+2 laps
1217 Flag of the United States.svg Chris MacAllister Lotus 49 196716+2 laps
1324 Flag of Italy.svg Carlo Alberto Steinhauslin Tecno PA123 197216+2 laps
1416 Flag of the United States.svg Graham Adelman BRM P126 196816+2 laps
1510 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Judith Lyons Surtees TS9 197114+4 laps
1615 Flag of Monaco.svg Scott Walker McLaren M19A 197111+7 laps
174 Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg Fabien Giroix Brabham BT26 19696+12 laps
1825 Flag of Italy.svg Manfredo Rossi di Montelera Tecno PA123 19724+14 laps
No lap Flag of Spain.svg Joaquín Folch-Rusiñol McLaren M19C 1972
No lap Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Frank Sytner March 721G 1972
DNS Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Patrick van Heurck Brabham BT26 1968
DNS Flag of New Zealand.svg Roger Wills
Sources: [7] [1]

Série F: Pre 1979 Formula 1, 3 litre cars (1973-1978)

Pos.No.DriverCarYearLapsTime/retiredGrid
131 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Michael Lyons Hesketh 308E 19771428:33.0341
28 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Bobby Verdon-Roe McLaren M26 197714+50.2402
326 Flag of Italy.svg Mauro Pane Lola T370 197414+1:11.870
419 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Bob Berridge Surtees TS16 197414+1:34.139
54 Flag of New Zealand.svg Roger Wills Tyrrell P34 197614+1:52.978
628 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Chris Drake Penske PC3 197614+1:54.174
740 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Oliver Hancock Surtees TS19 197613+1 lap
829 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Paul Knapfield Penske PC3 197513+1 lap
941 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Rob Austin Surtees TS19 197613+1 lap
1018 Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Hugues Taittinger Surtees TS16 197413+1 lap
1130 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Ron Maydon Amon AF101 197413+1 lap
1234 Flag of the United States.svg Douglas Mockett Penske PC4 197613+1 lap
136 Flag of the Netherlands.svg Nico Bindels Lotus 77 197613+1 lap
143 Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg Hans Peter Tyrrell 008 197813+1 lap
1525 Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Christian Vanhee Token RJ02 197413+1 lap
1639 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Mark Higson March 761 197613+1 lap
1738 Flag of Portugal (official).svg Rodrigo Gallego March 761 197612+2 laps
181 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Andrew Beaumont Lotus 76 197412+2 laps
1927 Flag of the United States.svg John McKenna Parnelli VPJ4 197412+2 laps
209 Flag of the United States.svg Charles Nearburg March 761B 197612+2 laps
2137 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Tommy Dreelan March 761 197612+2 laps
2233 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Frank Lyons McLaren M26 197612+2 laps
2312 Flag of France.svg "Mister John of B" Ferrari 312T 197512+2 laps
2415 Flag of the United States.svg Jeffrey Lewis Tyrrell 007 197412+2 laps
2532 Flag of Italy.svg Luciano Quaggia Theodore TR1 197811+3 laps
2623 Flag of France.svg Philippe Bonny Trojan T103 197411+3 laps
2722 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg James Hagan Ensign N177 197711+3 laps
287 Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Christophe d'Ansembourg McLaren M26 197610+4 laps
2936 Flag of Italy.svg Cosimo Turizio Hesketh 308E 19772+12 laps
No lap21 Flag of the United States.svg Michael Fitzgerald Williams FW05 1976
No lap24 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Stuart Hall Hesketh 308 1975
Ret10 Flag of the United States.svg Zak Brown McLaren M26 1977
Ret35 Flag of Spain.svg Joaquín Folch-Rusiñol Ferrari 312T3 1978
DNS5 Flag of the United States.svg Christopher Locke Lotus 77 1976
DNS11 Flag of Italy.svg Giancarlo Casoli Ferrari 312T 1975
DNS14 Flag of Monaco.svg Alain Plasch Fittipaldi F5A 1977
DNS16 Flag of Monaco.svg Yves Saguato Shadow DN3 1974
DNS17 Flag of the United States.svg Nicholas Colyvas Shadow DN5 1975
DNS20 Flag of the United States.svg Richard Carlino Hesketh 308C 1975
Sources: [8] [1]

Série G: Pre 1985 Formula 3, 2000 cc

Pos.No.DriverCarYearLapsTime/retiredGrid
110 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Ben Barker Lola T670 19781017:03.0101
247 Flag of Italy.svg Matteo Marzotto  [ it ] Ralt RT3 198410+1.0103
325 Flag of Italy.svg Paolo Barilla Martini Mk34 198110+2.6972
432 Flag of Monaco.svg Marc Faggionato Martini Mk39 198310+6.591
538 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg David Shaw Ralt RT1 197810+25.968
631 Flag of Monaco.svg Grant Tromans Martini Mk39 198310+47.166
723 Flag of France.svg Jean-Pierre Eynard-Machet Martini Mk31 198010+51.570
85 Flag of Sweden.svg Eje Elgh Chevron B34 197710+53.165
921 Flag of Monaco.svg Frédéric Lajoux Martini Mk34 198110+55.382
106 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Rob Moores Chevron B34 197710+56.240
1148 Flag of Monaco.svg Richard Hein Ralt RT3 198410+58.767
1241 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Sam Hancock Ralt RT1 197710+1:01.213
133 Flag of France.svg Pierre Lemasson Chevron B34 197610+1:01.786
1440 Flag of Austria.svg Roland Wiltschegg Ralt RT1 197610+1:12.427
1536 Flag of Italy.svg Stefano Rosina Osella F3A 197610+1:12.657
1637 Flag of France.svg Bo Warmenius Ralt RT1 197610+1:13.074
1728 Flag of France.svg Éric Martin Martini Mk37 198210+1:15.400
1822 Flag of France.svg Laurent Vallery-Masson Martini Mk21B 197810+1:17.141
1927 Flag of France.svg Frédéric Leclerc Martini Mk37 198210+1:17.776
208 Flag of France.svg Michel Gendre Chevron B47B 197910+1:46.641
2114 Flag of Monaco.svg Marcus Mussa March 743 197410+1:47.479
2230 Flag of France.svg Patrice Lafargue Martini Mk39 198310+1:49.871
232 Flag of France.svg Marco Zrihen Argo JM1 197810+2:28.274
249 Flag of San Marino.svg Walter Meloni Dallara 380 198010+2:28.944
2512 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Richard Piper March 743 197410+2:29.520
2634 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Richard SmeetonModus M1197510+3:34.749
2716 Flag of Italy.svg Valerio Leone March 783 19789+1 lap
281 Flag of Italy.svg Pietro Vergnano Alba AR1F3 19819+1 lap
2918 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Jonathan Price March 783/793 19789+1 lap
3033 Flag of France.svg Fabrice Porte Martini Mk39 19839+1 lap
3139 Flag of Monaco.svg Nicolas Minazzoli Ralt RT1 19768+2 laps
3211 Flag of Monaco.svg Pierre Mare March 743 19748+2 laps
3324 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Nathan Kinch Martini Mk34 19816+4 laps
3442 Flag of Monaco.svg Fabrice Notari Ralt RT3 19835+5 laps
3544 Flag of France.svg Paul Lamic Ralt RT3 19835+5 laps
3643 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Richard Eyre Ralt RT3 19822+8 laps
No lap15 Flag of Denmark.svg Palle Ringstrom March 753 1975
DNS17 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg John Clark March 783 1978
DNS45 Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg Ivan Scotti Ralt RT3 1983
Sources: [9] [1]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Melissen, Wouter. "2012 Monaco Historic Grand Prix - Report and 300-shot Gallery (2 galleries)". ultimatecarpage.com. Archived from the original on 14 March 2021. Retrieved 17 May 2021.
  2. "Monaco Grand Prix Historique". Motor Sport. July 2012. p. 26. Retrieved 17 May 2021.
  3. "A-classement_GPH2012pdf.pdf" (PDF). acm.mc. 15 May 2012. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 July 2017. Retrieved 11 May 2021.
  4. "B-Classement_GPH2012pdf.pdf" (PDF). acm.mc. 13 May 2012. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 July 2017. Retrieved 11 May 2021.
  5. "C-Classement_GPH2012pdf.pdf" (PDF). acm.mc. 13 May 2012. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 July 2017. Retrieved 11 May 2021.
  6. "D-Classement_GPH2012pdf.pdf" (PDF). acm.mc. 13 May 2012. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 July 2017. Retrieved 11 May 2021.
  7. "E-Classement_GPH2012pdf.pdf" (PDF). acm.mc. 15 May 2012. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 July 2017. Retrieved 11 May 2021.
  8. "F-Classement_GPH2012pdf.pdf" (PDF). acm.mc. 13 May 2012. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 July 2017. Retrieved 11 May 2021.
  9. "G-Classement_GPH2012pdf.pdf" (PDF). acm.mc. 15 May 2012. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 July 2017. Retrieved 11 May 2021.