2014 Extraordinary Federal Congress of the PSOE

2014 Extraordinary Federal Congress of the PSOE

←  2012 13 July 2014 (primary) 26−27 July 2014 (congress) 2017  →
1,019 delegates in the 2014 Extraordinary Federal Congress of the PSOE Plurality of delegates needed to win
Opinion polls
Registered	198,123 (primary)
Turnout	132,850 (67.1%) (primary) 990 (97.2%) (congress)
Candidate Pedro Sánchez Eduardo Madina José Antonio Pérez Tapias Popular vote 64,116 (48.3%) 47,750 (36.0%) 19,869 (15.0%) Delegate vote Unopposed Withdrew Withdrew Executive 849 (86.2%) Withdrew Withdrew
Autonomous community results map Province results map
Secretary before election Alfredo Pérez Rubalcaba Elected Secretary Pedro Sánchez

The 2014 Extraordinary Federal Congress of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party was held in Madrid from 26 to 27 July 2014, to renovate the governing bodies of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) and establish the party's main lines of action and strategy for the next leadership term. A primary election to elect the new party secretary-general was held on 13 July. The congress was called by outgoing PSOE leader Alfredo Pérez Rubalcaba after his party's poor results at the 2014 European Parliament election, garnering just 23% of the vote. Rubalcaba announced his intention not to run for either his party's leadership or for the 2015 Spanish general election. ^{[1] [2]}

Election system

This Federal Congress was the first held at a national level in which all party members and affiliates (around 200,000) had the possibility to be consulted, several days before the Congress was held, about which person they wanted to become the new party leader. While not a legally binding ballot, the results were likely to be respected by the 1,000 party delegates which finally elected the new party's Secretary-General. ^[3] Party members wishing to contend the election were required to gather the endorsement of at least 5% of the party membership before June 27.

Background

The 2011 general election had resulted in a landslide victory for Mariano Rajoy's People's Party (PP), a result of the financial crisis which had been hurting the country's economy since 2008. The ruling Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE), amidst a climate of high unpopularity, was ousted from power with the worst election result since the first post-Francoist electoral process in 1977. Then-Prime Minister José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero had decided to stand down as PM candidate in early 2011 and as party leader once the quadrennial party congress due for early 2012 was held. Alfredo Pérez Rubalcaba, PSOE candidate for the 2011 election and former Deputy Prime Minister, was elected new Secretary-General in a tight fight against former Minister of Defence Carme Chacón. ^[4]

However, as the new Rajoy's government was forced to pass new austerity measures and spending cuts, including a harsh labor reform and a very austere state budget for 2012, the new Government's ratings plummeted in opinion polls as it met with widespread protests and two general strikes. ^{[5] [6] [7] [8] [9]} Little over 6 months of government had seen support for the PP government plummet from 45% in the general election to 34% in mid-to late 2012 polls, the most support lost by a political party in its first months of government in the country's history.

However, despite the PP's falling ratings, the PSOE found itself unable to regain lost support, suffering from the memory on Zapatero's last government and his economic management, as well as the emergence of major corruption scandals in both parties, regarding possible illegal financing on both the People's Party and the Socialist Party regional government of Andalusia. A series of negative regional election results throughout 2012, coupled with an internal crisis in 2013 and the threat of rupture from the party's Catalonia partner, the PSC, further weakened the PSOE, with Rubalcaba's leadership being put in question as his popularity ratings plummeted. ^{[10] [11]} The crisis was temporarily settled after the party's Political Conference in November 2013, with the question on the party's leadership being initially postponed for late 2014. ^{[12] [13]}

After the European Parliament election, 2014 culminated in a major election crash for the party, coupled with a spectacular rise in support for newly-created Podemos party, Alfredo Pérez Rubalcaba announced his intention not to run as his party's candidate for the 2015 general election and to have the party hold an extraordinary Congress for July 2014. ^[14]

Timetable

The key dates are listed below: ^[15]

• 26 May: Official announcement and census closure.
• 6–9 June: Communication of provisional census and period of correction of census incidents.
• 10 June: Communication of definitive census.
• 10–13 June: Presentation of pre-candidates.
• 13–28 June: Endorsement collection period (until 27 June) and provisional candidate proclamations.
• 29 June–2 July: Allegation and definitive candidate proclamations.
• 3–12 July: Information campaign.
• 13 July: Primary election (to elect the Secretary-General).
• 13–19 July: Provincial and insular congresses. Election of delegates and amendment period.
• 26–27 July: Extraordinary Federal Congress.

Candidates

Candidate		Age	Notable positions	Announced	Eliminated	Ref.
Candidate elected as secretary-general.
Pedro Sánchez		42	Deputy in the Cortes Generales for Madrid (2009–2011 and since 2016) City Councillor of Madrid (2004–2009)	12 June 2014	YElected	[16]
Candidates who met the endorsement requirement and were officially proclaimed to contest the primary election.
Eduardo Madina		38	Secretary General of the PSOE Group in the Congress of Deputies (since 2009) Deputy in the Cortes Generales for Biscay (since 2004) City Councillor of Sestao (1999–2001)	13 June 2014	13 July 2014	[17]
José Antonio Pérez Tapias		58	Dean of the Faculty of Philosophy and Arts of the University of Granada (since 2013) Deputy in the Cortes Generales for Granada (2006–2011)	31 May 2014	13 July 2014	[18]
Candidates who announced an intention to run for the primary election, but were rejected as a result of not meeting the endorsement requirement.
Alberto Sotillos		28	None [lower-alpha 1]	11 June 2014	2 July 2014	[19] [20]

Declined

The individuals in this section were the subject of speculation about their possible candidacy, but publicly denied or recanted interest in running:

• 
  Carme Chacón
• 
  Susana Díaz
• 
  Emiliano García-Page
• 
  Patxi López
• 
  Alfredo Pérez Rubalcaba

• Carme Chacón (age 43) — Deputy in the Cortes Generales for Barcelona (2000–2013); Minister of Defence of Spain (2008–2011); Minister of Housing of Spain (2007–2008); First Vice President of the Congress of Deputies (2004–2007); Secretary of Education, Universities, Culture and Research of the PSOE (2000–2004); First Deputy Mayor of Esplugues de Llobregat (1999–2003); City Councillor of Esplugues de Llobregat (1999–2003). ^[21]
• Susana Díaz (age 39) — President of the Regional Government of Andalusia (since 2013); Secretary General of the PSOE–A (since 2013); Deputy in the Parliament of Andalusia for Seville (since 2008); Minister of the Presidency and Equality of Andalusia (2012–2013); Secretary General of the PSOE–A in Seville (2012–2013); Senator in the Cortes Generales appointed by the Parliament of Andalusia (2011–2012); Secretary of Organization of the PSOE–A (2010–2012); Secretary of Organization of the PSOE–A in Seville (2004–2010); Deputy in the Cortes Generales for Seville (2004–2008); Deputy Mayor for Human Resources in Seville (2003–2004); City Councillor of Seville (1999–2004); Secretary of Organization of the JSA (1997–2004). ^[22]
• Emiliano García-Page (age 45) — Senator in the Cortes Generales appointed by the Cortes of Castilla–La Mancha (since 2011); Mayor of Toledo (since 2007); City Councillor of Toledo (1987–1993 and since 2007); Secretary-General of the PSCM–PSOE in Toledo (since 1997); Second Vice President of the Junta of Communities of Castilla–La Mancha (2005–2007); Deputy in the Cortes of Castilla–La Mancha for Toledo (1995–2007); Regional Minister of Institutional Relations of Castilla–La Mancha (2004–2005); Spokesperson of the Government of Castilla–La Mancha (1993–1997, 1998–1999 and 2001–2004); Spokesperson of the PSOE Group in the Cortes of Castilla–La Mancha (2000–2001); Regional Minister of Social Welfare of Castilla–La Mancha (1999–2000); Regional Minister of Public Works of Castilla–La Mancha (1997–1998); Deputy Mayor for Celebrations of Toledo (1991–1993). ^[23]
• Patxi López (age 54) — Secretary of Political Relations of the PSOE (since 2012); Secretary General of the PSE–EE (PSOE) (since 2002); Deputy in the Basque Parliament for Biscay and Álava (since 1991); Lehendakari (2009–2012); Leader of the Opposition in the Basque Parliament (2005–2009); Secretary General of the PSE–EE (PSOE) in Biscay (1997–2002); Secretary of Organization of the PSE–EE (PSOE) (1991–1995); Deputy in the Cortes Generales for Biscay (1987–1989); Secretary General of the JSE–EGAZ (1985–1988). ^[24]
• Alfredo Pérez Rubalcaba (age 62) — Secretary General of the PSOE and Leader of the Opposition (since 2012); Deputy in the Cortes Generales for Toledo, Madrid, Cantabria and Cádiz (since 1993); First Deputy Prime Minister of Spain (2010–2011); Spokesperson of the Government (1993–1996 and 2010–2011); Minister of the Interior of Spain (2006–2011); Spokesperson of the PSOE Group in the Congress of Deputies (2004–2006); Secretary of Communication of the PSOE (1997–2000); Minister of the Presidency of Spain (1993–1996); Minister of Education and Science of Spain (1992–1993); Secretary of State of Education of Spain (1986–1992). ^[25]

Endorsements

Candidates seeking to run were required to collect the endorsements of at least 5% of party members. ^[26]

Summary of candidate endorsement results

Candidate		Endorsements
		Count	% T	% V
	Pedro Sánchez	41,338	20.86	54.05
	Eduardo Madina	25,238	12.74	32.99
	José Antonio Pérez Tapias	9,912	5.00	12.96
	Alberto Sotillos	Eliminated (below 5%)
Total		76,488
Valid endorsements		76,488	38.61
Not endorsing		121,635	61.39
Registered voters		198,123
Sources [27]

Endorsements by party members Sánchez   54.05% Madina   32.99% Tapias   12.96%

Opinion polls

Poll results are listed in the tables below in reverse chronological order, showing the most recent first, and using the date the survey's fieldwork was done, as opposed to the date of publication. If such date is unknown, the date of publication is given instead. The highest percentage figure in each polling survey is displayed in bold, and the background shaded in the candidate's colour. In the instance of a tie, the figures with the highest percentages are shaded. Polls show data gathered among PSOE voters/supporters as well as Spanish voters as a whole, but not among party members, who were the ones ultimately entitled to vote in the primary election.

PSOE voters

Polling firm/Commissioner	Fieldwork date	Sample size													Other /None	?	Lead
			Rubalcaba (Inc.)	Madina	Sánchez	Tapias	Sotillos	Chacón	Díaz	López	Page	Gómez	González	Griñán
Primary election	13 Jul 2014	— [lower-alpha 2]	–	36.0	48.3	15.0	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	0.7	—	12.3
Sigma Dos/El Mundo [p 1]	8–10 Jul 2014	500	–	34.8	31.5	10.6	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	23.1	3.3
NC Report/La Razón [p 2]	6 Jul 2014	?	–	34.0	21.5	8.3	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	24.4	12.2	12.5
Sigma Dos/El Mundo [p 3]	30 Jun–3 Jul 2014	500	–	27.0	30.8	8.3	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	33.9	3.8
Metroscopia/El País [p 4]	30 Jun–1 Jul 2014	121	–	40.0	27.0	12.0	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	21.0	13.0
Metroscopia/El País [p 4]	25–26 Jun 2014	161	–	35.0	28.0	9.0	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	28.0	7.0
Sigma Dos/El Mundo [p 5]	23–26 Jun 2014	500	–	35.1	18.8	6.7	3.7	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	35.7	16.3
Sigma Dos/El Mundo [p 6]	16–19 Jun 2014	500	–	35.5	16.7	6.2	4.7	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	36.9	18.8
Metroscopia/El País [p 4]	16–17 Jun 2014	159	–	43.0	24.0	6.0	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	27.0	19.0
NC Report/La Razón [p 7] [p 8]	26–31 May 2014	400	–	8.8	3.3	–	–	9.5	15.3	4.8	3.8	–	–	–	8.3	46.2	5.8
Sigma Dos/El Mundo [p 9]	28–30 May 2014	?	–	26.7	7.6	–	–	24.8	20.0	–	–	–	–	–	9.5	7.7	1.9
Sigma Dos/El Mundo [p 10]	26–28 Dec 2013	?	5.3	15.9	–	–	–	28.7	16.1	13.0	2.8	–	–	–	1.9	16.4	12.6
TNS Demoscopia [p 11]	14–21 Nov 2013	?	15.1	18.3	–	–	–	27.1	7.3	24.8	0.3	–	–	–	3.2	3.9	2.3
Sigma Dos/El Mundo [p 12]	12–14 Nov 2013	?	13.8	13.7	–	–	–	27.2	15.6	9.2	2.9	–	–	–	3.8	13.9	11.6
GAD3/Antena 3 [p 13]	13 Nov 2013	?	18.0	12.0	–	–	–	17.0	4.0	12.0	–	1.0	–	–	36.0		1.0
NC Report/La Razón [p 14] [p 15]	10 Nov 2013	?	–	–	–	–	–	21.5	15.9	14.1	9.0	–	–	–	9.1	30.4	5.6
Intercampo/GETS [p 16]	16 Sep–14 Oct 2013	?	24.5	5.6	–	–	–	14.2	0.8	3.9	–	–	15.6	–	41.4	7.8	8.9
Feedback/La Vanguardia [p 17]	2–6 Sep 2013	?	17.3	18.0	–	–	–	29.0	–	16.0	–	–	–	–	19.7		11.0
TNS Demoscopia [p 18]	29–31 Jul 2013	?	14.1	22.0	–	–	–	24.6	1.1	21.0	0.2	–	–	–	8.9	8.1	2.6
Sigma Dos/El Mundo [p 19]	8–10 May 2013	?	11.5	19.4	–	–	–	25.0	–	8.9	0.6	2.5	–	4.2	11.7	16.4	5.6
MyWord/Cadena SER [p 20]	2–8 May 2013	?	12.5	22.4	–	–	–	22.9	0.5	7.7	0.9	5.5	–	3.9	5.5	18.2	0.5

Spanish voters

Polling firm/Commissioner	Fieldwork date	Sample size										Other /None	?	Lead
			Rubalcaba (Inc.)	Madina	Sánchez	Chacón	Díaz	López	Page	Gómez	Griñán
Sigma Dos/El Mundo [p 9]	28–30 May 2014	?	–	19.2	7.3	22.6	12.7	–	–	–	–	23.4	12.8	3.4
InvyMark/laSexta [p 21]	26–30 May 2014	?	–	13.9	5.3	22.5	15.9	8.9	–	–	–	33.5		6.6
Sigma Dos/El Mundo [p 10]	26–28 Dec 2013	?	4.9	11.6	–	23.2	13.2	12.3	2.3	–	–	4.4	28.0	10.0
TNS Demoscopia [p 11]	14–21 Nov 2013	?	7.5	8.1	–	22.1	7.0	12.2	1.3	–	–	17.8	24.0	9.9
Sigma Dos/El Mundo [p 12]	12–14 Nov 2013	?	8.5	8.4	–	24.4	11.0	11.1	2.6	–	–	7.0	26.9	13.3
GAD3/Antena 3 [p 13]	13 Nov 2013	?	9.0	–	–	13.0	–	–	–	–	–	78.0		4.0
Feedback/La Vanguardia [p 17]	2–6 Sep 2013	1,500	17.5	17.4	–	23.8	–	16.8	–	–	–	24.5		6.3
TNS Demoscopia [p 18]	29–31 Jul 2013	?	6.2	10.5	–	16.9	0.9	7.6	0.8	–	–	22.0	35.1	6.4
Sigma Dos/El Mundo [p 19]	8–10 May 2013	?	7.2	13.3	–	20.2	–	10.6	2.0	2.7	2.9	10.8	30.3	6.9
MyWord/Cadena SER [p 20]	2–8 May 2013	?	8.7	10.7	–	17.9	0.4	7.4	0.7	4.0	1.6	5.9	42.7	7.2

Results

Overall

Summary of the 13–27 July 2014 PSOE congress results

Candidate		Primary		Congress
				Secretary		Executive
		Votes	%	Votes	%	Votes	%
	Pedro Sánchez	64,116	48.32	Unopposed		849	86.19
	Eduardo Madina	47,750	35.98	Withdrew
	José Antonio Pérez Tapias	19,869	14.97	Withdrew
Blank ballots		967	0.73	—		136	13.81
Total		132,702		—		985
Valid votes		132,702	99.89	—		985	99.49
Invalid votes		148	0.11			5	0.51
Votes cast / turnout		132,850	67.05			990	97.15
Abstentions		65,273	32.95			29	2.85
Total members / delegates		198,123		1,019		1,019
Sources [2] [28] [29]

Vote by party members Sánchez   48.32% Madina   35.98% Tapias   14.97% Blank ballots   0.73%

Vote by delegates (Executive) Sánchez   86.19% Blank ballots   13.81%

By region

Region	Electorate	Turnout	Pedro Sánchez		Eduardo Madina		José Antonio Pérez Tapias
			Votes	%	Votes	%	Votes	%
Andalusia	48,858	70.24	20,843	61.20	7,846	23.04	5,366	15.76
Aragon	9,020	69.43	3,507	56.46	1,905	30.67	800	12.88
Asturias	8,589	65.08	1,868	33.76	2,579	46.61	1,086	19.63
Balearic Islands	2,734	66.61	796	44.25	763	42.41	240	13.34
Basque Country	5,103	68.82	1,748	50.19	1,205	34.60	530	15.22
Canary Islands	6,507	69.13	2,386	53.59	1,441	32.37	625	14.04
Cantabria	3,251	71.09	910	39.72	1,051	45.88	330	14.40
Castile and León	10,418	72.05	2,912	39.13	3,437	46.19	1,092	14.68
Castilla–La Mancha	12,479	74.68	4,316	46.62	3,816	41.22	1,125	12.15
Catalonia	20,658	47.87	3,648	37.37	3,946	40.42	2,168	22.21
Ceuta	189	58.20	35	32.41	49	45.37	24	22.22
Extremadura	10,003	75.49	2,885	38.43	3,829	51.01	793	10.56
Galicia	11,550	69.06	3,946	50.01	3,059	38.77	886	11.23
La Rioja	1,263	76.56	443	46.19	345	35.97	171	17.83
Madrid	15,883	65.07	4,359	42.66	3,973	38.88	1,886	18.46
Melilla	285	63.16	91	51.12	66	37.08	21	11.80
Murcia	6,155	72.04	2,048	46.44	1,780	40.36	582	13.20
Navarre	1,673	73.64	485	39.62	582	47.55	157	12.83
Valencian Community	18,351	77.44	6,420	45.42	5,811	41.11	1,903	13.46
Europe	872	19.95	36	21.18	90	52.94	44	25.88
Americas	4,282	15.25	434	66.67	117	27.19	40	6.14
Total	198,123	67.05	64,116	48.67	47,750	36.25	19,869	15.08

Aftermath

In his victory speech after being elected as Secretary-General by party members, Pedro Sánchez proclaimed "the beginning of a new time in the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party" and that it was "the beginning of the end of Mariano Rajoy [as Prime Minister]". ^{[30] [31]} He was formally named to the post on 26 July succeeding Rubalcaba, who announced his intention to quit from active politics and to return to his post professor in the Organic Chemistry faculty, in the Complutense University of Madrid.

Upon his official proclamation as Secretary-General, Sánchez stated that "We [the PSOE] are the party of change, we are the left that will change Spain", urging all Socialists to "work for the millions of people that need a renewed PSOE" and to make the party "the most formidable instrument for making the country progress". Sánchez promised to be blunt with corruption cases within the party, to look forward the promotion of a federal amendment of the Spanish Constitution and that his Executive will report in an open assembly to the militants once per year. ^{[32] [33]} Sánchez stated that he was inspired by the "modernization drives" of both Felipe González in the past as well as of PD-leader Matteo Renzi in Italy. ^[34]

Notes

1. Alberto Sotillos was son of Eduardo Sotillos, former Spokesperson of the Government of Spain under Felipe González between 1982 and 1985. ^[19]
2. PSOE members.

References

Opinion poll sources

1. "¿Quién le gustaría que sucediese a Alfredo Pérez Rubalcaba?" (PDF). El Mundo (in Spanish). 12 July 2014.
2. "El 34% prefiere a Madina pero el 24% no se decanta por ningún candidato". La Razón (in Spanish). 6 July 2014.
3. "Sánchez adelanta a Madina a una semana de la votación en el PSOE". El Mundo (in Spanish). 6 July 2014.
4. "Elecciones a la secretaría general del PSOE: práctico empate entre Madina y Sánchez entre los votantes socialistas". Blogs El País (in Spanish). 7 July 2014.
5. "La Carrera por Ferraz". El Mundo (in Spanish). 29 June 2014.
6. "¿Quién le gustaría que sucediese a Alfredo Pérez Rubalcaba?" (PDF). El Mundo (in Spanish). 22 June 2014.
7. "Los votantes del PSOE apuestan por Susana Díaz para liderar el partido". Libertad Digital (in Spanish). 2 June 2014.
8. "La carrera por la sucesión del PSOE" (PDF). La Razón (in Spanish). 2 June 2014.
9. "La mayoría apuesta por primarias y por Carme Chacón". El Mundo (in Spanish). 1 June 2014.
10. "Rubalcaba es un lastre para los votantes del PSOE". El Mundo (in Spanish). 4 January 2014.
11. "Esperanza Aguirre, candidata preferida por los votantes del PP para las próximas Elecciones Generales". TNS Demoscopia (in Spanish). 21 November 2013. Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 6 July 2014.
12. "Carme Chacón y Susana Díaz favoritas para liderar el PSOE". El Mundo (in Spanish). 18 November 2013.
13. "Los ciudadanos prefieren a Carme Chacón como candidata del PSOE para las elecciones". Antena 3 (in Spanish). 13 November 2013.
14. "La mayoría de los votantes del PSOE rechaza a Rubalcaba y prefiere a Chacón". La Razón (in Spanish). 10 November 2013.
15. "Los votantes del PSOE prefieren a Chacón para las primarias y echan de menos a Felipe González". lainformacion.com (in Spanish). 10 November 2013.
16. "La izquierda se convierte en la fuerza electoral potencialmente mayoritaria en España" (PDF). Fundación Sistema (in Spanish). 14 October 2013. Archived from the original on 5 November 2013.
17. "Las primarias del PSOE no tienen candidato favorito". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 8 September 2013.
18. "PP y PSOE, faltos de liderazgo reconocido en unas eventuales Elecciones Generales". TNS Demoscopia (in Spanish). 31 July 2013. Archived from the original on 11 August 2013. Retrieved 6 July 2014.
19. "Rubalcaba perjudica al PSOE, según sus votantes". El Mundo (in Spanish). 12 May 2013.
20. "El ObSERvatorio de la Cadena SER. El clima político y la situación del PSOE (13/05/2013)" (PDF). MyWord (in Spanish). 13 May 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 September 2013. Retrieved 6 July 2014.
21. "Carme Chacón es la preferida por los españoles para dirigir el PSOE". laSexta (in Spanish). 31 May 2014.

Other

1. "Rubalcaba throws the towel and calls an extraordinary congress for July after the debacle". El País (in Spanish). 26 May 2014.
2. "Partido Socialista Obrero Español. Partit dels Socialistes de Catalunya, P.Socialista de Euskadi E.E., Partido Socialista Popular, PSOE histórico". Historia Electoral.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 16 March 2023.
3. "All party members will elect the future PSOE Secretary-General". El País (in Spanish). 2014-05-30.
4. "Rubalcaba promises a strong PSOE". El País (in Spanish). 2012-02-05.
5. "Rajoy approves the biggest spending cut in history and a large tax increase". El País (in Spanish). 2011-12-31.
6. "The reform eases and cheapens the dismissal". El País (in Spanish). 2012-02-10.
7. "29 March, general strike". El Mundo (in Spanish). 2012-03-09.
8. "Unions call a general strike for November 14". El País (in Spanish). 2012-10-17.
9. "The Government presents the state budget with a spending cut of 27.3 billion" (in Spanish). 20 Minutos. 2012-03-30.
10. "Mas' challenge does not break Spain yet but opens a schism between PSOE and PSC". El País (in Spanish). 2013-02-27.
11. "Rubalcaba, to the drivers of Madina: "The PSOE is not on it"". El Mundo (in Spanish). 2013-04-18.
12. "PSOE leaders want Rubalcaba's dismissal now". El Mundo (in Spanish). 2013-11-08.
13. "Rubalcaba assured that "the PSOE has returned" and urges his people to go to the streets". El País (in Spanish). 2013-11-10.
14. "Rubalcaba throws in the towel and calls for an extraordinary party conference in July after the debacle". El País (in Spanish). 2014-05-26.
15. PSOE (3 June 2014). "Convocatoria y normativa de desarrollo del Congreso Federal Extraordinario" (PDF). web.psoe.es (in Spanish). Retrieved 1 April 2017.
16. Díez, Anabel (12 June 2014). "Pedro Sánchez Castejón aspira a cambiar el PSOE con "corazón y cabeza"". El País (in Spanish). Madrid. Retrieved 1 April 2017.
17. Garea, Fernando (13 June 2014). "Madina se presenta para liderar el PSOE prometiendo un "shock de modernidad"". El País (in Spanish). Madrid. Retrieved 1 April 2017.
18. Sanz, Luis Ángel (31 May 2014). "José Antonio Pérez Tapias presenta su candidatura a la Secretaría General del PSOE". El Mundo (in Spanish). Madrid. Retrieved 1 April 2017.
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