2017 Ischia earthquake

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2017 Ischia earthquake
Italy Campania location map.svg
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Italy relief location map.jpg
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UTC  time2017-08-21 18:57:51
ISC  event 611834681
USGS-ANSS ComCat
Local date21 August 2017
Local time20:57 CEST
Magnitude3.9 Mw
4.2 mb
Depth2.0 km (1.2 mi) (INGV)
2.7 km (1.7 mi)(USGS)
Epicenter 40°44′24″N13°54′0″E / 40.74000°N 13.90000°E / 40.74000; 13.90000
Areas affected Ischia, Campania
Max. intensity EMS-98 VIII (Heavily damaging) [1]

VIII (Severe) [2]
Casualties2 deaths [3]
42 injured [4]
2,600 homeless [5]

The 2017 Ischia earthquake occurred in the island of Ischia, Campania, in southern Italy. The main shock occurred at 20:57 CEST (18:57 UTC) on 21 August 2017, and was rated 3.9 Mw or 4.2 mb on the moment magnitude scale. [6] [7]

Contents

Despite the moderate magnitude, several buildings and a church collapsed. One woman died in Casamicciola Terme after being hit by rubble that fell from a church. [8] Another woman died when her house collapsed. [9]

Damage and debates

The collapse of several buildings and the death of two women created much controversy and debate in Italy, because many geologists stated that with a moderate magnitude quake, modern buildings should not collapse. [10]

Moreover, Ischia is a zone with a high number of irregular buildings, and many critics considered the poor construction materials as the main cause for the death of the two women and for the damage. [11] [12]

The sharp increase of the population between 1950s and 1980s and the growing inflow of tourists increased the anthropic pressure on the island. Significant acreage of land previously used for agriculture has been developed for the construction of houses or residential buildings. Most of this development took place without any planning and building permits. Many houses and structures across the island sustained moderate to severe damage when the earthquake hit. [13]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ischia</span> Volcanic island in the Tyrrhenian Sea

Ischia is an Italian island in the Tyrrhenian Sea. It lies at the northern end of the Gulf of Naples, about 30 km (19 mi) from Naples. It is the largest of the Phlegrean Islands. Roughly trapezoidal in shape, it measures approximately 10 km (6 mi) east to west and 7 km (4 mi) north to south and has about 34 km (21 mi) of coastline and a surface area of 46.3 km2 (17.9 sq mi). It is volcanic and almost entirely mountainous; the highest peak is Mount Epomeo, at 788 m (2,585 ft). The island is very densely populated, with 62,000 residents.

The moment magnitude scale is a measure of an earthquake's magnitude based on its seismic moment. It was defined in a 1979 paper by Thomas C. Hanks and Hiroo Kanamori. Similar to the local magnitude/Richter scale (ML ) defined by Charles Francis Richter in 1935, it uses a logarithmic scale; small earthquakes have approximately the same magnitudes on both scales. Despite the difference, news media often says "Richter scale" when referring to the moment magnitude scale.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lacco Ameno</span> Comune in Campania, Italy

Lacco Ameno is a town and comune situated in the northwest of the island of Ischia, in the Metropolitan City of Naples off the west coast of Italy. The town has a population of around 4,800 inhabitants.

Casamicciola Terme is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Naples in the Italian region Campania, located in the northern part of the Ischia Island.

The 1976 Friuli earthquake, also known in Italy as Terremoto del Friuli, occurred on 6 May 1976, at 21:00:13 with a moment magnitude of 6.5 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of X (Extreme) The shock occurred in the Friuli region in northeast Italy near the town of Gemona del Friuli. 990 people were killed, up to about 3,000 were injured, and more than 157,000 were left homeless.

The 1968 Belice earthquake sequence took place in Sicily between 14 and 15 January. The largest shock measured 5.5 on the moment magnitude scale, with five others of magnitude 5+. The maximum perceived intensity was X (Extreme) on the Mercalli intensity scale. The earthquake sequence, centred between the towns of Gibellina, Salaparuta and Poggioreale, killed at least 231 people, possibly more than 400, with between 632 and about 1,000 injured and left 100,000 homeless. It is known in Italy as Terremoto del Belice.

The 1936 Cansiglio earthquake occurred on October 18 in the region between the provinces of Belluno, Treviso and Pordenone, in northern Italy. It caused 19 deaths and an unknown number of injuries.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2012 Northern Italy earthquakes</span> Severe earthquakes centered in Emilia-Romagna, Italy

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Events during the year 2017 in Italy.

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The 1912 Maymyo earthquake or Burma earthquake struck Burma on the morning of May 23, with an epicentre near Taunggyi and Pyin Oo Lwin in Shan State. The earthquake was initially calculated at 8.0 on the surface wave magnitude scale (Ms ) by Beno Gutenberg and Charles Francis Richter, and described by them as being one of the most remarkable seismic events in the early 1900s. Recent re-evaluation of the earthquake, however, have revised the magnitude to 7.6–7.9. It was preceded by two foreshocks on May 18 and 21 with respective intensities V and VII on the Rossi–Forel scale, while the mainshock was assigned IX. Shaking was felt throughout most of Burma, parts of Siam and Yunnan; an area covering approximately 375,000 square miles. It was one of the largest earthquakes in the country.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">1883 Casamicciola earthquake</span> Earthquake in Italy

The 1883 Casamicciola earthquake, also known as the Ischia earthquake occurred on 28 July at 20:25 local time on the island of Ischia in the Gulf of Naples in Italy. Although the earthquake had an estimated moment magnitude of 4.2–5.5, considered moderate in size, it caused intense ground shaking that was assigned XI (Extreme) on the Modified Mercalli intensity scale. Between 2,313 and 3,100 people lost their lives. The city also suffered great property losses, with 80 percent of all homes destroyed. This earthquake was exceptionally destructive for its magnitude mainly due to its shallow focal depth.

The 1990 Carlentini earthquake occurred off the Sicilian coast, 20 km east northeast from the town of Augusta, Sicily on 13 December at 01:24 local time. The moderately-sized earthquake measuring 5.6 on the moment magnitude scale (Mw ) resulted in the deaths of 19 people and caused at least 200 injuries. It also inflicted significant damage in the region, leaving 2,500 homeless.

An earthquake measuring Mw  4.9, followed by a 5.3 Mw  mainshock struck Badghis Province, Afghanistan, on January 17, 2022. The earthquake led to a large number of casualties for the tremor's magnitude, with 30 dead and 49 injured. The earthquake destroyed hundreds of homes in northwestern Afghanistan.

On December 5, 1456, the largest earthquake to occur on the Italian Peninsula struck the Kingdom of Naples. The earthquake had an estimated moment magnitude of Mw  7.19–7.4, and was centred near the town of Pontelandolfo in the present-day Province of Benevento, southern Italy. Earning a level of XI (Extreme) on the Modified Mercalli intensity scale, the earthquake caused widespread destruction in central and southern Italy. An estimated 30,000–70,000 people were killed. It was followed by two strong Mw  7.0 and 6.0 earthquakes to the north on December 30.

Heavy rain hit the island of Ischia, located in the Tyrrhenian Sea, causing damage to the comune of Casamicciola Terme. Twelve people were killed and five others were injured.

References

  1. Bruno Briseghella; Cristoforo Demartino; Alessandra Fiore; Camillo Nuti; Concetta Sulpizio; Ivo Vanzi; Davide Lavorato; Gabriele Fiorentino (2019). "Preliminary data and field observations of the 21st August 2017 Ischia earthquake". Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering. Springer. 17 (3): 1221–1256. doi:10.1007/s10518-018-0490-x. S2CID   116798474.
  2. Marco, Mancini; Caciolli, Maria Chiara; Gaudiosi, Iolanda; Alleanza, Giorgio Andrea; Cavuoto, Giuseppe; Coltella, Monia; Cosentino, Giuseppe; Di Fiore, Vincenzo; A., d’Onofrio; Gargiulo, Francesco; Milana, Giuliano; Pietrosante, Andrea; Pompa, Pier Paolo; Silvestri, Francesco; Vassallo, Maurizio (2021). "Seismic microzonation in a complex volcano-tectonic setting: the case of northern and western Ischia Island (southern Italy)". Italian Journal of Geosciences. 140 (3): 328–408. doi: 10.3301/IJG.2021.10 . S2CID   239291142.
  3. Terremoto a Ischia, due morti e 39 feriti. Corsa per salvare l’ultimo fratellino rimasto sepolto
  4. "Forte terremoto a Ischia, crolli a Casamicciola. Due morti e almeno 39 feriti". Archived from the original on 29 August 2017. Retrieved 22 August 2017.
  5. Ischia, 2.600 sfollati. La Protezione civile: "Niente tendopoli"
  6. "Terremoto 1 km SW Casamicciola Terme (NA), Magnitudo Mw 3.9, 21 agosto 2017 ore 20:57:51 (Fuso Orario Italia) » INGV Centro Nazionale Terremoti".
  7. "M 4.2 - 4 km NNE of Casamicciola Terme, Italy".
  8. Terremoto a Ischia, crolli a Casamicciola. Morta una donna, ci sono feriti e dispersi. Evacuato ospedale
  9. Terremoto a Ischia, due vittime. Crolla abitazione, famiglia imprigionata: in salvo padre e figlio di 7 mesi. Almeno 36 feriti
  10. Terremoto a Ischia, i geologi: «Case abusive o fatiscenti, allucinante morire per scosse di questa entità» I sindaci: «Nessun legame fra crolli e abusivismo»
  11. Terremoto Ischia, cemento e inchieste sull’isola dove non esiste l’abusivismo di necessità. È solo speculazione
  12. Magnitudo bassa, abusivismo alto: basta una scossa per mettere in crisi un'isola
  13. Ischia, il terremoto o gli edifici: cosa c’è davvero dietro i crolli? Il magistrato: «Troppe case abusive»

Further reading