28 Bellona

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28 Bellona
28 Bellona.png
a light curve model of 28 Bellona on the top and an image of 28 Bellona on the bottom.
Discovery
Discovered by Robert Luther
Discovery date1 March 1854
Designations
(28) Bellona
Pronunciation /bɛˈloʊnə/ [1]
Named after
 Bellona
1951 CC2
Main belt
Adjectives Bellonian /bɛˈloʊniən/ [1]
Symbol Bellona symbol (bold).svg (historical)
Orbital characteristics [2]
Epoch 21 November 2025 (JD 2461000.5)
Aphelion 3.191 AU
Perihelion 2.364 AU
2.777 AU
Eccentricity 0.149
4.628 yr (1690.55 d)
65.459°
Inclination 9.432°
144.151°
343.462°
Jupiter  MOID 1.872 AU
TJupiter 3.299
Physical characteristics
Dimensions 97 ± 11 km [3]
120.9 ± 3.4 km (IRAS) [2]
108.10 ± 11.49 km [4]
Mass (2.62±0.15)×1018  kg [4]
Mean density
3.95 ± 1.28 g/cm3 [4]
15.706 h [2] [5]
0.1763 [2] [6]
S [2]
7.09 [2]

    28 Bellona is a large asteroid located in the main-belt. It was discovered by German astronomer Robert Luther on 1 March 1854, and named after Bellōna, the Roman goddess of war; the name was chosen to mark the beginning of the Crimean War. Its historical symbol was Bellona's whip and spear; it was encoded in Unicode 17.0 as U+1CECE 𜻎 ( Bellona symbol (fixed width).svg ). [7] [8]

    Bellona is a stony (S-type) asteroid with a cross-section size of around 100–120 km. 28 Bellona is orbiting the Sun with a period of 4.63 years.

    Bellona has been studied by radar. [9] Photometric observations of this asteroid at the Palmer Divide Observatory in Colorado Springs, Colorado in 2007 gave a light curve with a period of 15.707 ± 0.002 hours and a brightness variation of 0.27 ± 0.03 in magnitude. This report is in close agreement with a period estimate of 15.695 hours reported in 1983, and rejects a longer period of 16.523 hours reported in 1979. [10]

    A three-dimensional model of 28 Bellona based on its light curve 000028-asteroid shape model (28) Bellona.png
    A three-dimensional model of 28 Bellona based on its light curve

    References

    1. 1 2 "Bellona" . Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press.(Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
    2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 28 Bellona". Jet Propulsion Laboratory . Retrieved 22 January 2026. 2025-07-08 last obs
    3. ↑ Ďurech, Josef; Kaasalainen, Mikko; Herald, David; Dunham, David; Timerson, Brad; Hanuš, Josef; et al. (2011). "Combining asteroid models derived by lightcurve inversion with asteroidal occultation silhouettes" (PDF). Icarus. 214 (2): 652–670. arXiv: 1104.4227 . Bibcode:2011Icar..214..652D. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2011.03.016. S2CID   119271216. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
    4. 1 2 3 Carry, B. (December 2012), "Density of asteroids", Planetary and Space Science, 73 (1): 98–118, arXiv: 1203.4336 , Bibcode:2012P&SS...73...98C, doi:10.1016/j.pss.2012.03.009, S2CID   119226456. See Table 1.
    5. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 13 September 2006. Retrieved 12 August 2006.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
    6. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 22 July 2012. Retrieved 12 August 2006.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
    7. ↑ Bala, Gavin Jared; Miller, Kirk (18 September 2023). "Unicode request for historical asteroid symbols" (PDF). unicode.org. Unicode. Retrieved 26 September 2023.
    8. ↑ "Miscellaneous Symbols Supplement" (PDF). unicode.org. The Unicode Consortium. 2025. Retrieved 9 September 2025.
    9. ↑ "Radar-Detected Asteroids and Comets". NASA/JPL Asteroid Radar Research. Retrieved 30 October 2011.
    10. ↑ Warner, Brian D. (December 2007), "Asteroid Lightcurve Analysis at the Palmer Divide Observatory - March-May 2007", The Minor Planet Bulletin, 34 (4): 104–107, Bibcode:2007MPBu...34..104W.
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