347th Rifle Division (Soviet Union)

Last updated
347th Rifle Division (September 16, 1941 – 1946)
Active1941–1946
CountryFlag of the USSR (1936-1955).svg  Soviet Union
Branch Red Army flag.svg Red Army
TypeDivision
RoleInfantry
Engagements Battle of Rostov (1941)
Battle of the Caucasus
Donbass Strategic Offensive (August 1943)
Melitopol Offensive
Crimean Offensive
Baltic Offensive
Šiauliai Offensive
Riga Offensive (1944)
Memel Offensive Operation
Kurland Pocket
Decorations Order of Red Banner.svg   Order of the Red Banner
Order of Suvorov 2nd class.png   Order of Suvorov
Battle honours Melitopol
Commanders
Notable
commanders		Maj. Gen. Nikolai Ivanovich Seliverstov
Maj. Gen. Aleksandr Kharitonovich Ukhimchuk

The 347th Rifle Division began forming in mid-September 1941, as a Red Army rifle division, in the North Caucasus Military District. It was soon assigned to the 58th Army while both it and its Army continued to form up before entering combat in November, as part of the offensive that first liberated Rostov-on-Don. During the German summer offensive in 1942 the division retreated back into the Caucasus, fighting to defend the routes to the oil fields at Baku, until the German forces began to retreat after their defeat at Stalingrad. During 1943 and early 1944 it continued to serve in the southern part of the front, taking part in the liberation of Crimea, before being transferred to the Baltic States region, serving in Latvia and Lithuania for the duration of the war, compiling a distinguished record of service along the way. In 1946 it was reformed as a rifle brigade, and its several successor formations remained part of the Red (later, Soviet) Army until 1959, when it was finally disbanded.

Contents

Formation

The division officially formed on September 16, 1941, at Krasnodar in the North Caucasus Military District. [1] Its order of battle was as follows:

Col. Nikolai Ivanovich Seliverstov was assigned to command of the division on the day it began forming, and he continued in command until mid-September 1942; he returned to command on September 28 with the rank of Major General, and remained in that post until May 8, 1943.

About a month after forming, the division was assigned to 56th Army, which was also in the process of forming up near Krasnodar. In November it moved, with its Army, to join Southern Front and take part in the offensive that liberated Rostov-on-Don for the first time and drove 1st Panzer Army back to the Mius River. The 347th remained in 56th Army until April 1942, when it was assigned to the Front reserves. In July it retreated into the Caucasus region and by August 1 it was assigned to 37th Army in the North Caucasus Front. [3] [4]

Caucasus Campaign

When 1st Panzer Army began its offensive towards the Soviet oil-producing center at Mozdok on August 16, the division was in the reserves of Gen. I. I. Maslennikov's Northern Group of Forces in North Caucasus Front. In common with the other reserves of the Group, the division was woefully understrength in manpower and heavy weapons. While the German armor pushed through and seized Mozdok on August 25, the Soviet defenses were reorganized, and within days the advance came to a standstill. The 347th, along with most of the rest of Maslennikov's reserves, was concentrated in the depths along the Ordzhonikidze and Grozny axes. [5]

In the first week of September the Panzer Army renewed its drive, but it proved a slow and grinding advance. which was finally halted on September 28. Maslennikov's forces were also badly depleted from heavy defensive fighting as well as numerous counterattacks. The following day, orders from the STAVKA directed the following concentration:

"The 414th and 347th Rifle Divisions, 11th Guards Rifle Corps, 84th and 131st Rifle Brigades, and 5th Guards Tank Brigade in the Nizhnye Achaluki, Psedakh, and Zamankul regions [south of Mozdok and the lower Terek River].

By late October the division had come under command of 9th Army, which was being readied for a spoiling attack to preempt a further German offensive, but the Germans struck first. In the event, although German armor reached the outskirts of Ordzhonikidze on November 3 and 4, they were soon forced to retreat. [6]

Donbass and Crimean Offensives

From December the division was part of 44th Army, which was transferred from North Caucasus Front to Southern Front in February 1943. [7] On May 9, Col. Aleksandr Kharitonovich Ukhimchuk took command of the division from General Seliverstov, and he would hold that command to the end of the war, being promoted to Major General on September 15. Seliverstov was re-assigned to command of the 33rd Guards Rifle Division, and was mortally wounded by enemy shellfire in the fighting along the Mius River in late July. [8]

Just before Southern Front began its offensive into the Donbass in August the division was reassigned to the 28th Army in the same Front (renamed 4th Ukrainian Front on October 20), where it remained until November. During this operation towards the Dniepr in the late summer, the 907th Artillery Regiment had a non-standard organization; each of the three battalions had three batteries, one of 122mm howitzers and two of 76mm cannon (12 pieces total). However, while the 1st Battalion had truck-drawn howitzers and horse-drawn cannons, the 2nd Battalion was entirely horse-drawn, freeing up enough trucks to make the 3rd Battalion completely motorized. This allowed that battalion to advance with and support whichever other motorized elements of the division were formed as the forward detachment. [9]

On October 23, the division was recognized for its role in the liberation of the Ukrainian city of Melitopol, and received its name as an honorific:

"MELITOPOL - ...347th Rifle Division (Major General Ukhimchuk, Aleksandr Kharitonovich)... By order of the Supreme High Command of 23 October 1943 and a commendation in Moscow, the troops who participated in the battles for the liberation of Melitopol are given a salute of 20 artillery salvoes from 224 guns." [10]

As 28th Army approached the Crimea on October 30, the 347th was directed to attempt to pass through the Arabat Spit, one of the three traditional entryways to the peninsula. The German defenses were sparse, with just a battlegroup of German Air Force Jäger Regiment 10 guarding the village of Genischek. At the last moment a battalion of the 686th Grenadier Regiment, plus some antitank guns, were ferried across from the Chongar Peninsula to reinforce the Spit. In the late afternoon, elements of the division cleared Genischek, but were later halted by the German grenadiers. Given the narrow confines and nature of the terrain, the Arabat is only viable as an entryway if it is uncontested, and no further efforts were made on this route. [11]

In November the division was reassigned to 51st Army in the same Front, [12] in the 55th Rifle Corps at the beginning of February. [13] Later that month the entire Corps was transferred to the 2nd Guards Army [14] and the 347th participated in the Crimea Operation from March to May in this Army. [15] In recognition of its role in the success of the Perekop and Sivash operations the 347th was awarded the Order of the Red Banner on April 24. [16] Exactly one month later the division was further awarded the Order of Suvorov, 2nd Class, for its role in the liberation of Sevastopol. [17]

Baltic Offensives

Following the liberation of the Crimea in late May, 4th Ukrainian Front found itself in a strategic dead-end. In a major redeployment, 2nd Guards and 51st Armies were shifted to the Reserve of the Supreme High Command, and were then railed northwards in anticipation of the coming summer offensives. In late June the 347th returned to the front in 1st Guards Rifle Corps, [18] back in 51st Army, where it would remain for the duration, now serving in 1st Baltic Front. [19] Exploiting into the gap in the German front created by the destruction of Army Group Centre, by mid-July 51st Army had advanced past the eastern Lithuanian border near the city of Švenčionys. Over the next three weeks the division made a significant advance into northern Lithuania, reaching the vicinity of Linkuva by August 1. When Third Panzer Army launched Operation Doppelkopf on the 15th, the 347th was located on the Lielupe River in Latvia, northwest of Jelgava. By mid-September 51st Army had been shifted to the south, roughly along the Latvian/Lithuanian border, near Eleja. It was still in these positions in the first week of October at the start of the Memel Offensive Operation, which finally cut off Army Group North and created the Kurland Pocket. [20]

Postwar

The division remained in western Lithuania for the rest of the war. In February 1945, it was briefly reassigned to 2nd Baltic Front, before being moved, with its Army, to the Kurland Group of Leningrad Front for the last two months of the war. At this time it was in 10th Rifle Corps. [21] [22] The men and women of the division ended the war with the full title of 347th Rifle, Melitopol, Order of the Red Banner, Order of Suvorov Division (Russian: 347-я стрелковая Мелитопольская Краснознамённая ордена Суворова дивизия).

In August 1945, the 347th and the 10th Rifle Corps relocated to the Kazan Military District. The division was initially at Kirov but moved to Perm [23] in the Ural Military District, where it was downsized into the 36th Separate Rifle Brigade in 1946. In October 1953, it became the 65th Mechanized Division. [24] In the summer of 1956, the 65th moved back to Kirov. [25] On 4 June 1957, it was converted into the 65th Motor Rifle Division [26] at Kungur and disbanded on 10 January 1959. [27]

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">334th Rifle Division (Soviet Union)</span> Military unit

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The 335th Rifle Division was first formed in September 1941, as a standard Red Army rifle division, at Stalingrad. It was a "sister" unit to the 341st Rifle Division, which was formed at about the same time and place and shared a very similar combat path in its first formation. The division was assigned to the southern sector of the Soviet-German front during the winter counteroffensive, but took severe losses during the German spring offensive that formed the Izium Pocket, and it was all but destroyed in the opening phase of Case Blue. The division was formed again nearly two years later, this time in the Far Eastern Front, and spent the rest of the war mainly on coastal defense duties. The 335th had one of the shortest and least distinguished careers of any Soviet rifle division.

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The 349th Rifle Division formed in September, 1941, as a standard Red Army rifle division, at Astrakhan. It was assigned to the southern sector of the Soviet-German front, and first saw action in January, 1942, during the winter counteroffensive, but was badly damaged during the German spring offensive that formed the Izium Pocket. The remaining men and equipment of the unit managed to retreat into the Caucasus region in the face of the German summer offensive in such a weakened state that German intelligence wrote the division off as destroyed in October. In fact, the cadre of the division survived, and was transferred to the reserves of Transcaucasus Front in that same month, where it slowly replenished as a low-priority unit. By the end of the year the 349th was assigned to 45th Army along the border with Turkey, and it remained on this quiet front for the duration of the war.

The 353rd Rifle Division formed on August 27, 1941, as a standard Red Army rifle division, at Krasnodar. It was assigned to the southern sector of the Soviet-German front, at first in 56th Army, and it would remain on this sector for the duration of the war. After assisting in the first liberation of Rostov-on-the-Don in late 1941, but in 1942 it retreated into the Caucasus region, and fought to hold the Axis forces from reaching the coast of the Black Sea. Following the retreat of the Germans and Romanians in the wake of their defeat at Stalingrad, the 353rd took part in the offensives that freed Ukraine in 1943 and 1944, winning a battle honor for the liberation of Dneprodzerzhinsk in October, 1943. In the summer of 1944 it participated in the offensive that finally drove Romania out of the Axis, and then advanced into the Balkan states. Shortly thereafter it was assigned to 37th Army, which was detached from the active army to garrison the southern Balkans, and the division remained on this quiet front for the duration of the war.

The 367th Rifle Division was raised in 1941 as a standard Red Army rifle division, and served for the duration of the Great Patriotic War in that role. It began forming in August 1941 in the Chelyabinsk Oblast. After forming, it was initially assigned to the 28th (Reserve) Army, but was soon reassigned to Karelian Front, where it remained until nearly the end of 1944. The division had mostly a relatively quiet war on this defensive front, but later saw action against the German forces trying to hold northern Finland, being awarded the Order of the Red Banner for its services. The division ended the war in 14th Separate Army on garrison duties in the far north.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">402nd Rifle Division (Soviet Union)</span> Military unit

The 402nd Rifle Division was raised in 1941 as an infantry division of the Red Army, and served throughout the Great Patriotic War in that role. It was raised as an Azerbaijani National division in the Transcaucasus Military District and first formed part of the occupation force following the Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran. It returned to the USSR in April 1942, remaining in the Caucasus region until the forces of German Army Group A began its drive on the oil fields there as part of Operation Blue. In October it joined the Northern Group in the Transcaucasus Front, in the 44th Army, defending the direct route to Baku. The division took part in the counteroffensive that threw the German forces out of the Caucasus, but took heavy losses in the process. Once the German threat receded the 402nd returned to guard duties along the border with Turkey and served as a training establishment for Azeri recruits for the duration of the war.

The 406th Rifle Division was raised in 1941 as an infantry division of the Red Army, and served throughout the Great Patriotic War in that role, but saw relatively little combat. It was raised as a Georgian National division in the Transcaucasus Military District, where it remained until the forces of German Army Group A began its drive on the oil fields there as part of Operation Blue. In August 1942 it joined the Northern Group in the Transcaucasus Front, in the 46th Army, defending the high passes through the High Caucasus Mountains west of Mount Elbrus. Once the German threat receded, the 406th returned to guard duties along the borders with Turkey and Iran for the duration of the war.

The 414th Rifle Division was twice formed as an infantry division of the Red Army; very briefly in the winter of 1941/42, then from the spring of 1942 until after the end of the Great Patriotic War. It was officially considered a Georgian National division, having nearly all its personnel of that nationality in its second formation. After its second formation it remained in service in the Caucasus near the borders of Turkey and Iran in the 44th Army until the summer of 1942, when it was redeployed to help counter the German drive toward Grozny. As German Army Group A retreated from the Caucasus in January 1943 the division was reassigned to the 37th Army in North Caucasus Front, and during the fighting in the Taman Peninsula during the summer it served in both the 58th and 18th Armies, earning a battle honor in the process. It entered the Crimea during the Kerch–Eltigen Operation in November, and was awarded the Order of the Red Banner following the offensive that liberated that region in April and May 1944, fighting in the 11th Guards Rifle Corps of the Separate Coastal Army. After the Crimea was cleared the Coastal Army remained as a garrison and the 414th stayed there for the duration of the war. Postwar, it was relocated to Tbilisi, being renumbered as the 74th Rifle Division in 1955 and disbanded the following year.

The 417th Rifle Division was formed as an infantry division of the Red Army in the spring of 1942 and served in that role until after the end of the Great Patriotic War. Although it was formed in the Transcaucasus, unlike the 414th and 416th Rifle Divisions formed in about the same place at the same time it was never designated as a National division. After its formation it remained in service in the Caucasus under direct command of the Transcaucasus Front until the summer of 1942, when it was redeployed first to the Northern Group of Forces in that Front and then to the 9th Army. As German Army Group A retreated from the Caucasus in January 1943 the division was reassigned to the 58th Army and a few months later to 37th Army in North Caucasus Front. In July it redeployed northward to join Southern Front, where it was assigned to the 63rd Rifle Corps in 44th Army in mid-September as the Front fought through south Ukraine, eventually reaching the land routes to the Crimea. It took part in the offensive that liberated that region in April and May 1944, fighting in the 51st Army and winning both a battle honor and the Order of the Red Banner in the process. After the Crimea was cleared the 51st Army was moved far to the north, joining 1st Baltic Front. During operations in the Baltic states the 417th was further distinguished with the award of the Order of Suvorov. In March 1945 it joined the Courland Group of Forces on the Baltic coast containing the German forces encircled in northwest Latvia. It ended the war there and was soon moved to the Ural Military District before being downsized to a rifle brigade. This brigade was briefly brought back to divisional strength during the Cold War.

The 129th Guards Rifle Division was formed as an elite infantry division of the Red Army in October 1943, based on the 1st formation of the 176th Rifle Division. It was the highest-numbered Guards division designated by the Red Army, although not the last to be formed.

The 176th Rifle Division was an infantry division of the Red Army, originally formed as part of the prewar buildup of forces, based on the shtat of September 13, 1939. The division completed its formation at Kryvyi Rih in the Odessa Military District and at the time of the German invasion of the Soviet Union was in the same area, assigned to the 35th Rifle Corps. Being relatively far from the frontier it escaped the early disasters and retreated mostly in good order through southern Ukraine into the autumn as part of 9th Army. It then took part in the counteroffensive against the overextended German Army Group South that liberated Rostov-na-Donu for the first time in December. When Army Group A began its summer offensive in 1942 the 176th fell back into the Caucasus region, losing much of its strength in the process, but finally helping to take up a firm defense along the Terek River and finally in front of Ordzhonikidze. As a result of this fighting the division, along with its artillery regiment, were awarded the Order of the Red Banner. After the German 6th Army was surrounded at Stalingrad the 176th advanced into the western Caucasus and entered the so-called Malaya Zemlya bridgehead south of Novorossiysk in the spring of 1943 where it helped to defeat the German Operation Neptun in April and in the autumn took part in the liberation of the city, for which it was redesignated as the 129th Guards Rifle Division.

References

Citations

  1. ↑ Walter S. Dunn, Jr., Stalin's Keys to Victory, Stackpole Books, Mechanicsburg, PA, 2006, p. 81
  2. ↑ Charles C. Sharp, "Red Tide", Soviet Rifle Divisions Formed From June to December 1941, Soviet Order of Battle World War II, Vol. IX, Nafziger, 1996, p. 87
  3. ↑ Sharp, "Red Tide", p. 87
  4. ↑ David M. Glantz, To the Gates of Stalingrad, University Press of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 2009, pp. 113, 414
  5. ↑ Glantz, Gates of Stalingrad, pp. 433-36, 438
  6. ↑ Glantz, Armageddon in Stalingrad, University Press of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 2009, pp. 550, 559, 576-78
  7. ↑ Sharp, "Red Tide", p. 87
  8. ↑ Aleksander A. Maslov, Fallen Soviet Generals, Frank Cass Publishers, London, 1998, p. 103
  9. ↑ Sharp, "Red Tide", p. 87
  10. ↑ "Освобождение городов". www.soldat.ru. Retrieved July 18, 2017.
  11. ↑ Robert Forczyk, Where the Iron Crosses Grow, Osprey Publishing, Oxford, UK, 2014, pp. 244-46
  12. ↑ Combat Composition of the Soviet Army, 1943, p. 311
  13. ↑ Combat Composition of the Soviet Army, 1944, p. 50
  14. ↑ Combat Composition of the Soviet Army, 1944, p. 79
  15. ↑ Sharp, "Red Tide", p. 87
  16. ↑ Affairs Directorate of the Ministry of Defense of the Soviet Union 1967, p. 331.
  17. ↑ Affairs Directorate of the Ministry of Defense of the Soviet Union 1967, p. 355-56.
  18. ↑ Combat Composition of the Soviet Army, 1944, p. 189
  19. ↑ Sharp, "Red Tide", p. 87
  20. ↑ The Gamers, Inc., Baltic Gap, Multi-Man Publishing, Inc., Millersville, MD, 2009, pp. 15, 21, 27-28, 35
  21. ↑ Sharp, "Red Tide", p. 87
  22. ↑ Combat Composition of the Soviet Army, 1945, p. 149
  23. ↑ Feskov et al 2013, p. 507.
  24. ↑ Feskov et al 2013, p. 147.
  25. ↑ Feskov et al 2013, p. 512.
  26. ↑ Feskov et al 2013, p. 205.
  27. ↑ Feskov et al 2013, p. 163.

Bibliography

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