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Major Davie, gallantly leading his men, fell shot through the thigh in front of the fort. Captain Robinson, acting major, fell mortally wounded in front of his men. There also fell Captain Garland, of Glenn's regiment. Colonels Glenn and Gause, and Lieutenant-Colonels Rogan and Hicks, deserve special mention for the cool and daring manner in which they led their men. Lieutenant Crabtree, of Glenn's regiment, displayed the greatest intrepidity. Color-Sergeant Garland, of Glenn's regiment, also deserves special mention. He advanced his regimental colors to the front, and maintained his position through the assault, his colors being torn into ribbons. [26]
The 36th Arkansas lost 27 soldiers killed, 89 captured and 122 wounded during the Battle of Helena, of which the regiment was only able to evacuate 36. Six of those evacuated wounded later died of their wounds. Those that could not be evacuated had to be left, many of whom later died of their wounds after having been taken prisoner by the Federal defenders. [26]
The ranks of the 36th Arkansas now began to deteriorate rapidly as soldiers began to desert almost every night as the regiment moved back into camp to defend the state capital. Of the 150 soldiers that the 36th Arkansas' muster rolls report as deserters, the vast majority of these men left the ranks during the weeks that followed their failed assault at Helena. The regiment began to experience a great amount of general unrest which was demonstrated by increasing desertions and poor morale as the summer continued. [27] On 19 August 1863 Captain Hamilton B. Wear, Company I, 36th Arkansas Infantry, was charged and court-martialed for "encouraging desertion" amongst the soldiers. Captain Wear was court-martialed on August 19, 1863, at Camp Bayou Meto. As late as November 20, 1863, Captain Wear was in the guard-house at Camp Bragg, awaiting a review of his court-martial. He was eventually permitted to resign his commission on December 29, 1863. He took the oath of allegiance to the United States on January 18, 1864. [28] With the high number of total losses to the regiment that summer, totaling 233 from 4 July through September 30, 1863, the regiment went through a large internal reorganization. Companies F and I were disbanded completely, Company H was consolidated into Company A, G with B, C with K and D with E. The regiment now consisted of four companies, A through D, and its strength now stood at 710 officers and soldiers as the desertion rate slowed significantly. [27]
By the second week of September 1863, it was clear that the regiment's defense of Little Rock was becoming futile. Major General Price was ordered to leave the city after a failed attempt to plead with the citizens to defend their town. [29] The 36th Arkansas, along with the remainder of Price's Division, had been occupying defensive works five miles on the southeast side of the city and now began to move back across Fourche Bayou along a withdrawal route towards what would become their winter quarters in an encampment near Arkadelphia, Arkansas. [29]
Colonel John Edward Glenn submitted his resignation on September 4, 1863, which was approved on September 18. Lieutenant Colonel James Madison Davie was promoted to colonel of the 36th Arkansas on October 24, 1863. Colonel Davie was still in command as of February 29, 1864, the date of the last known muster roll of the 36th Arkansas. [30]
On 7 November 1863 the regiment built and moved into winter quarters at Camp Sumter near Arkadelphia. The regiment remained in their winter quarters for the next three months with no significant action or contact with the enemy. The regiment left their winter quarters on March 20, 1864, with a strength of 663 soldiers. [31] They were headed south to Shreveport, Louisiana, in order to assist in countering Union General Nathaniel Banks' advance along the Red River. The unit played a limited role in the Battle of Pleasant Hill, Louisiana, as part of the reserve brigade. The regiment sustained four soldiers killed and five captured in several small skirmishes. [31] After the battle the entire Arkansas division was instructed by Major General Price to conduct a forced march back to Arkansas to assist with the second half of the Red River Campaign, Union General Frederick Steele's Camden Expedition. The 36th Arkansas arrived in time to participate in the Battle of Jenkins' Ferry on April 30, 1864. [3] The brigade commander, General Gause described the roll of the 36th Arkansas as follows: [31]
The whole line then moved to the attack, and had not advanced more than 100 yards until the skirmishers were rallied on the brigade and the engagement became general. Only a few volleys had been fired, when I ordered my brigade to charge, which was done in splendid style.
However the two-brigade attack was not sustained for long as troops to the left of the brigade were counter-attacked by Federal troops. There the brigade was ordered to hold their position. Colonel Davie was ordered to change the front of his regiment perpendicular to that of the brigade in order to protect it from a flank attack, but the 36th proved to be too small to protect the brigade from the heavy fire which the federal troops poured on the brigade from that direction. The regiment was ordered to slowly fall back while continuing to protect the right of the brigade. Colonel Gause described what happened next: [31]
This was done in good order, slowly retiring and returning the enemy's fire at every step for about a quarter of a mile, when, being no longer able to protect myself against the rapid movement of the enemy on my left flank, I was compelled to fall back hastily and in some confusion. [31]
However the leadership of the brigade was able to regain control over their troops as they fell back to the relative safety of the Missouri troops that were now holding a firm line. In a short time the brigade was reformed and moving again to the attack. Colonel Gause directed Major Hathaway and Company A, 36th Arkansas forward to conduct a reconnaissance. After capturing seventeen Federal soldiers, Major Hathaway reported to the brigade commander that the Federals had left the field. The one-day battle had cost the regiment three soldiers killed and one wounded. [32]
By the last week of June 1864 the regiment was ordered to report to the garrison commander of the fort defending Camden, Arkansas, to bolster the defensive works of the city. [32] The regiment reported 702 soldiers present on June 28, 1864. [33] All Arkansas regiments were consolidated into one division, designated the Arkansas Division of two infantry brigades, and commanded by Major General Churchill. The First Arkansas brigade, which included the 36th Arkansas, was commanded by Brigadier General John Selden Roane. [33]
On September 30, 1864, the regiment was assigned to Brigadier General John S. Roane's 1st (Arkansas) Brigade, Acting Major General Thomas J. Churchill's 1st (Arkansas) Division, Major General John B. Magruder's Second Army Corps, Army of the Trans-Mississippi and remained in that assignment through December 31, 1864. [34] On 31 December 1864, General Kirby Smith's report on the organization of his forces lists the 36th Arkansas, under the command of Colonel Davie as belonging to Brigadier General John Selden Roane's, 1st Brigade of Acting Major General Thomas J. Churchill's 1st Arkansas Infantry Division of Major General John B. Magruder's 2nd Army Corps, Confederate Army of the Trans-Mississippi. [35]
On 19 January 1865, Roane's Briage was ordered to move to Fulton, near Washington, in Hempstead County in order to assist with the building of fortifications along the Red River. [36] By late January 1865, the 36th Arkansas was ordered to take up the march along the Shreveport road southwest to Minden Louisiana. [36] By the end of February, the 36th Arkansas had occupied their new winter quarters at Minden when they received an order for the regiment to move to Shreveport in order to link up with the remainder of the Confederate troops in the area that were encamped there. [33] Union commanders in the Department of the Gulf reported on March 20, 1865, that General Roane's brigade was composed of four regiments—Colonel Gause, 250 men; Colonel Hill, 250 men; Colonel Brooks, 250 men; Colonel Davie, 250 men. [37]
On 1 April 1865 the regiment arrived at Shreveport, but their stay was short lived. On April 6 the regiment received another movement order from Major General Churchill which stated that the division would move at sunrise on April 8 towards Marshall, Texas. The 36th Arkansas arrived in Marshall six days later with a reported strength of 598 soldiers having lost one soldier in a skirmish with Federal cavalry, two captured and having to leave behind two soldiers that were too sick to travel any further. At Marshall, they immediately began to construct defenses on the east side of the town. On 11 May 1865 as the work on the town defenses continued, the regiment lost its last three soldiers, all from Company C, captured by Federal cavalry as they were on picket duty. An order from the division commander halted work on the defenses on 14 May without any further details. Those details came twelve days later, on 26 May 1865 when the 36th Arkansas was surrendered with the remainder of General Kirby Smith's army. The strength of the regiment that day was 587 officers and soldiers. [33]
36th Arkansas Infantry Regiment took part in the following battles: [38]
The formal surrender was dated May 26, 1865, at New Orleans. Lieutenant General S.B. Buckner, acting for General E. Kirby Smith, Confederate Commander of the Trans-Mississippi Department, entered into military convention with Federal Major General Peter J. Osterhaus, representing Major General E.R.S. Canby. Under the terms of the surrender all resistance would cease, and officers and men would be paroled under terms similar to those of the Appomattox surrender. General Smith actually approved the convention June 2, 1865, at Galveston, Texas. [39] This surrender agreement required the disbanded Confederate soldiers to report into Federal parole centers set up in key communities in Confederate-held Arkansas, Louisiana, and Texas to be accounted for and to give and receive their final parole. All absentees from units serving east of the Mississippi River who were then in the Trans-Mississippi and had not been paroled east of the Mississippi were also required to report. The 36th Arkansas, along with most of the other Arkansas infantry regiments, was camped around Marshall, Texas, when the Trans-Mississippi Army surrendered. With few exceptions, the Arkansas infantry regiments disbanded at Marshall and went home. A few men stopped off at Shreveport to receive paroles, and a few more were paroled at Pine Bluff; but for the most part, the men simply went home without bothering with paroles. [40] Of the 1104 men who had served in the 36th Arkansas 510 were no longer with them. The regiment had suffered 245 soldiers killed in action or died of disease, another 136 had been captured and 129 had deserted. Forty-six percent of the total number of soldiers that had mustered into the regiment were no longer with the regiment at the end of the war. [41]
The 4th Arkansas Infantry was a Confederate States Army infantry regiment from the state of Arkansas during the American Civil War. The 4th Arkansas served throughout the war in the western theater, seeing action in the Kentucky, Tennessee and Georgia campaigns. Following its depletion in numbers the regiment was consolidated several times with other Arkansas regiments, finally merging in 1865 into the 1st Arkansas Consolidated Mounted Rifles. Another Arkansas unit also had the designation 4th Arkansas, the 4th Regiment, Arkansas State Troops which participated in the Battle of Wilson's Creek, but was never transferred to Confederate Service. There is no connection between the two units.
The 5th Arkansas Infantry, also called the Fighting Fifth (1861–1865) was a Confederate Army infantry regiment organized in Arkansas to serve for the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War. It served throughout the war in the western theater, seeing action in the Kentucky, Tennessee and Georgia campaigns. Following its depletion in numbers the regiment was consolidated several times with other Arkansas regiments, finally merging in 1865 into the 1st Arkansas Consolidated Infantry Regiment. Another Arkansas unit also had the designation 5th Arkansas, the 5th Regiment, Arkansas State Troops which participated in the Battle of Wilson's Creek, but was never transferred to Confederate Service. There is no connection between the two units.
The 2nd Arkansas Infantry was an army regiment of the Confederate Army during the American Civil War. The regiment was raised in May 1861 under Colonel Thomas C. Hindman. It served throughout the war in the western theater, in the Confederate Army of Tennessee, seeing action in the Kentucky, Tennessee and Georgia campaigns. Following its depletion in numbers, the regiment was consolidated several times with other Arkansas regiments, finally merging in 1865 into the 1st Arkansas Consolidated Infantry Regiment. The regiment has no connection with the 2nd Regiment, Arkansas State Troops, which participated in the Battle of Wilson's Creek, and is also separate from the 2nd Arkansas Consolidated Infantry Regiment, which was formed in 1864 from remnants of regiments surrendered at Vicksburg and Port Hudson.
8th Arkansas Infantry Regiment was an infantry formation in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. It served throughout the war in the western theater, seeing action in the Kentucky, Tennessee and Georgia campaigns. Following its depletion in numbers the regiment was consolidated several times with other Arkansas regiments, finally merging in 1865 into the 1st Arkansas Consolidated Infantry Regiment.
The 10th Arkansas Infantry (1861–1865) was a Confederate Army infantry regiment during the American Civil War from the state of Arkansas. The unit is also known as A. R. Witt's Infantry, C. M. Cargile's Infantry, E. L. Vaughan's Infantry, Thomas D. Merrick's Infantry, S. S. Ford's Infantry, Obed Patty's Infantry, George A. Merrick's Infantry, Zebulon Venable's Infantry and Robert C. Bertrand's Infantry in contemporary accounts. After being captured at the Siege of Port Hudson, the unit reorganized as a mounted infantry unit, and was known as the 10th Arkansas Cavalry Regiment or Witt's Arkansas Cavalry.
The 4th Battalion, Arkansas Infantry was an infantry Battalion of the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. The battalion served in the same brigade and was later consolidated with the 4th Arkansas Infantry Regiment, but units began as completely separate and unrelated organizations.
The 18th Arkansas Infantry Regiment or Carroll's Arkansas Infantry Regiment was an infantry formation of the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. The regiment was raised in April 1862 under the command of Colonel D. W. Carroll. It served east of the Mississippi in several actions before being surrendered at Port Hudson in July 1863. Reorganized, the regiment was finally merged with several other Arkansas units to form the 2d Consolidated Arkansas Infantry. There was another regiment designated as the 18th Arkansas. When Lieutenant-Colonel J. S. Marmaduke's 1st Arkansas Infantry Battalion was increased to a regiment, it was briefly designated as the 18th Arkansas Infantry. Marmaduke's regiment was subsequently redesignated as the 3d Confederate Infantry.
The 30th Arkansas Infantry (1862–1865) was a Confederate Army infantry regiment during the American Civil War. This regiment was also called the 5th Arkansas Cavalry, the 5th Trans-Mississippi Regiment or 39th Regiment after April, 1863. This regiment was converted to mounted infantry for Price's Missouri Expedition in 1864 and was known as Rogan's Arkansas Cavalry. There were two regiments officially designated as the 30th Arkansas Infantry. The other 30th Arkansas served east of the Mississippi River and was redesignated as the 25th Arkansas Infantry.
The 24th Arkansas Infantry (1861–1865) was a Confederate Army infantry regiment during the American Civil War. The unit began its service in the Department of the Trans-Mississippi, but the bulk of the unit was captured at the Battle of Arkansas Post and shipped to Northern prison camps. The unit was exchanged in Virginia and shipped to Tennessee and joined the Army of Tennessee in time for the Chattanooga Campaign and remained with the army through the Atlanta Campaign, the Franklin-Nashville Campaign and ended the war in North Carolina.
The 11th Arkansas Infantry Regiment or 11th Arkansas Volunteers was an infantry formation of the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. Following the units surrender during the Battle of Island No. 10, it was consolidated with Griffith's 17th Arkansas Infantry Regiment and mounted. Following the surrender of Port Hudson, some unit members returned to Arkansas and became part of Poe's Arkansas Cavalry Battalion and Logan's 11th Arkansas Cavalry Regiment.
The 19th Arkansas Infantry Regiment or Dockery's Arkansas Infantry Regiment was an infantry formation of the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. There were two other regiments which were designated as the 19th Arkansas. Dawson's 19th Arkansas Infantry was organized at Nashville, Arkansas, on November 21, 1861. Hardy's Arkansas Infantry, which is also occasionally referred to as the 19th Arkansas was organized in 1863 from those parts of Dawson's 19th Infantry Regiment, the 24th Arkansas Infantry Regiment and Crawford's Arkansas Infantry Battalion, which escaped capture at the Battle of Arkansas Post.
The 14th (McCarver's) Arkansas Infantry (1861–1865) was a Confederate Army infantry regiment during the American Civil War. Almost as soon as the regiment was formed, it was divided into two separate units. The first five companies were organized into the 9th Arkansas Infantry Battalion, while the remainder of the companies would become the 18th Arkansas Infantry Battalion. The 9th Arkansas Infantry Battalion was later merged with the 8th Arkansas Infantry and served for the rest of the war as part of that regiment, While the 18th Arkansas Infantry Battalion was consolidated with the remnants of the 17th Arkansas Infantry Regiment (Lemoyne's); the combined unit was then designated the 21st Arkansas Infantry Regiment (Craven's). A tenth company was added in December, 1862. The companies were from Izard, Lawrence, and Randolph counties.
The 22nd Arkansas Infantry Regiment was a Confederate Army infantry regiment during the American Civil War (1862–1865). This regiment was originally organized as the 17th Arkansas Infantry Regiment, reorganized after the battle of Pea Ridge as 1st Regiment, Northwest Division, Trans-Mississippi Department, or Rector's War Regiment, redesignated as the 35th Arkansas in the summer of 1862, and reorganized and redesignated as the 22nd Arkansas following the Battle of Prairie Grove. The unit was also sometimes referred to as, King's Arkansas Infantry or McCord's Arkansas Infantry. This was the second regiment to be officially designated as the 22nd Arkansas. The first was mustered in at DeValls Bluff, Arkansas, on April 9, 1862, and later reorganized as the 20th Arkansas Infantry Regiment.
The 21st Arkansas Infantry (1862–1865) was a Confederate Army infantry regiment during the American Civil War. The unit was organized from the consolidation of two understrength Arkansas units in May 1862. The unit participated in the Iuka-Corinth Campaign before becoming part of the garrison of Vicksburg Mississippi. After the capitulation of Confederate forces at Vicksburg, the 21st was paroled and exchanged back to Arkansas where it was combined with the remnants of several there Arkansas regiments to become the 1st Arkansas Consolidated Infantry Regiment (Trans-Mississippi). Another Arkansas Confederate infantry regiment, commanded by Colonel Dandridge McRae was also labeled the "21st Arkansas". To avoid confusion between two 21st Arkansas Regiments, McRae's regiment was later redesignated as the 15th (Northwest) Arkansas Infantry Regiment.
The 2nd Arkansas Mounted Rifles (1861–1865) was a Confederate Army infantry regiment that served during the American Civil War. Raised in 1861, the regiment consisted of nine companies, which were drawn from various counties in Arkansas. Throughout the course of the war, the 2nd Arkansas Mounted Rifles fought in a number of battles, including those at Wilson's Creek and Pea Ridge, and participated in a number of campaigns such as Tullahoma, Atlanta and the Carolinas. The regiment's final battle came at Bentonville in March 1865 after which its remaining personnel were consolidated into the 1st Arkansas Consolidated Mounted Rifles.
The 38th Arkansas Infantry (1862–1865) was a Confederate Army infantry regiment during the American Civil War. The unit was often referred to as Shaver's Arkansas Infantry. The unit served in the Department of the Trans-Mississippi from its formation in the summer of 1862 until its surrender in May 1865.
The 46th Arkansas Infantry (Mounted) (1864–1865) was a Confederate Army Mounted Infantry regiment during the American Civil War. While authorized by the State Military Board as an infantry regiment, the unit was mounted for Price's Missouri Expedition and served as mounted infantry. Due to its mounted status, the unit is sometimes referred to as the 46th Arkansas Cavalry when a numerical designation is used. The unit is almost always referred to as either Coleman's Arkansas Cavalry Regiment or Crabtree's Cavalry in official reports from the period.
The 44th Arkansas Infantry (Mounted) (1864–1865) was a Confederate Army Mounted Infantry regiment during the American Civil War. While authorized by the State Military Board as an infantry regiment, the unit was mounted for Price's Missouri Expedition and was officially designated as mounted infantry, but this designation was almost never used by the unit. When a numerical designation is used, the unit is sometimes referred to as the 29th Arkansas Cavalry Regiment. The unit is most often referred as McGehee's Arkansas Cavalry Regiment for its commander, James H. McGehee. McGehee is often spelled McGhee in the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies.
The 9th Arkansas Infantry Battalion (1861–1862) was a Confederate Army infantry battalion during the American Civil War. The battalion was formed from four companies of McCarver's 14th Arkansas Infantry Regiment. After the Battale of Shiloh, the battalion was consolidated with the 8th Arkansas Infantry Regiment.