List of politicians killed in the American Civil War

Last updated

Oregon Senator Edward Dickinson Baker became the only sitting U.S. senator to ever be killed in a military engagement when he was shot and killed at the Battle of Ball's Bluff. EdDBaker.jpg
Oregon Senator Edward Dickinson Baker became the only sitting U.S. senator to ever be killed in a military engagement when he was shot and killed at the Battle of Ball's Bluff.

The American Civil War was a civil war in the United States between the Union (states that remained loyal to the federal union, or "the North") and the Confederacy (states that voted to secede, or "the South"). While the total death toll of the war is not fully known, it is generally agreed that it resulted in at least 1,030,000 casualties (3 percent of the population), including about 620,000 soldier deaths—two-thirds by disease—and 50,000 civilians. [1] Some experts, including Binghamton University historian J. David Hacker, estimate the number of soldier deaths was at least 750,000, and possibly as high as 850,000. [2] The Civil War remains the deadliest military conflict in American history.

During the first year of the war, both sides had many more volunteers than they had the time or resources to effectively train. However, this initial enthusiasm began to wane and both sides enacted conscription laws to amass more volunteers. In April 1862, the Confederacy passed a draft law aimed at men aged 18 to 35, with exemptions for overseers of slaves, government officials, and clergymen. [3] Three months later, the United States Congress authorized state militias to draft from local populations when they couldn't met their quotas with volunteers. In total, the Union Army had 2,200,000 soldiers, including 698,000 at their peak. The Confederacy had 750,000 to 1,000,000 soldiers, with a peak of 360,000. [4]

This list contains notable holders of political office who died as a result of their personal involvement in the Civil War, from both the Union and Confederate sides. Many of the politicians listed perished directly in battle, while others died because of the result of injuries sustained on the battlefield or smaller skirmishes, or as a result of the difficult circumstances they experienced as a soldier or prisoner of war. A few others were casualties of personal accidents or violence unrelated to battle. In addition to the offices they held and their allegiance during the war, this list also contains, when known, the politician's political party, profession, and circumstances surrounding their death.

Deaths

NameDate of deathAgePolitical office(s) heldPartyAllegianceProfessionCircumstances of deathRef.
Josiah M. Anderson November 8, 186153Member of U.S. House of Representatives from Tennessee's 3rd district (1849–51)
Member of the Tennessee Senate (1843–45)
Member of the Tennessee House of Representatives (1833–37)
Whig Confederacy LawyerStabbed in Marion County, Tennessee by Union forces just after having made a pro-secession speech [5]
William Waightstill Avery July 3, 186448Member of the North Carolina Senate (1857–59)
Member of the North Carolina House of Commons (1843–45; 1851–55)
Democrat Confederacy LawyerDied from wounds received in a skirmish with a party of Tennessee Unionists after a raid on Camp Vance by the Union's 3rd North Carolina Mounted Infantry [5] [6]
Edward Dickinson Baker October 21, 186150 United States Senator from Oregon (1860–61)
Member of U.S. House of Representatives from Illinois's 6th district (1849–51) and Illinois's 7th district (1845–47)
Member of the Illinois Senate (1840–44)
Member of the Illinois House of Representatives (1837–40)
Republican Union LawyerKilled in the Battle of Ball's Bluff while leading a Union Army regiment [5]
William Barksdale July 3, 186341Member of U.S. House of Representatives from Mississippi's 3rd district (1855–61) and Mississippi's at-large district (1853–55) Democrat Confederacy Lawyer & newspaper editorMortally wounded during the Battle of Gettysburg [5]
Francis S. Bartow July 21, 186144Member of the Georgia Senate (1845–47)
Member of the Georgia House of Representatives (1841–45)
Whig Confederacy LawyerKilled at the First Battle of Manassas [5]
Samuel W. Black June 27, 186245 Governor of Nebraska Territory (1859–61) Democrat Union Lawyer & judgeKilled at the Battle of Gaines' Mill [5]
Lawrence O'Bryan Branch September 17, 186241Member of U.S. House of Representatives from North Carolina's 4th district (1855–61) Democrat Confederacy LawyerKilled at the Battle of Antietam [5]
Edward Bullock December 23, 186139Member of the Alabama Senate Democrat Confederacy Lawyer [7]
Patrick E. Burke May 20, 1864~34Member of the Missouri House of Representatives (1855–57) Democrat Union LawyerDied of gangrene three days after being shot in the leg at the Battle of Rome Cross Roads [8]
Thomas Drummond April 2, 1865~32Member of the Iowa Senate (1860–62)
Member of the Iowa House of Representatives (1858–60)
Republican Union Newspaper editorDied of injuries sustained during the Battle of Five Forks [9]
Edward F. W. Ellis April 6, 186242Member of the California State Assembly (1851–52) Whig Union Lawyer & school teacherKilled at the Battle of Shiloh [10]
Harvey W. Emery October 13, 186234Member of the Wisconsin State Assembly (1861) Republican Union LawyerDied of disease in second year of the war [11]
Asa W. Farr October 6, 186342Member of the Wisconsin State Assembly (1856–57) Democrat Union LawyerKilled at the Battle of Baxter Springs [12]
Daniel E. Frost July 19, 186445Member of the West Virginia House of Delegates (1861–62)
Member of the Virginia House of Delegates (1859–61; 1855–57)
Republican Union JournalistKilled at the Battle of Cool Spring [13]
John Gregg October 7, 186436Deputy from Texas
to the Provisional Congress
of the Confederate States
(1861–62)
Democrat Confederacy JudgeKilled at the Battle of Darbytown and New Market Roads [5]
Stephen F. Hale July 18, 186246Deputy from Alabama
to the Provisional Congress
of the Confederate States
(1861–62)
Member of the Alabama Senate (1857–61; 1843–45)
Democrat Confederacy LawyerKilled at the Battle of Gaines' Mill [5]
Louis P. Harvey April 19, 186241 Governor of Wisconsin (1862)
Secretary of State of Wisconsin (1860–62)
Member of the Wisconsin Senate (1854–58)
Republican Union Newspaper editorDrowned while trying to step from a tethered boat to a moving steamboat [5]
Robert H. Hatton May 31, 186235Member of U.S. House of Representatives from Tennessee's 5th district (1859–61)
Member of the Tennessee House of Representatives (1855–57)
Whig & Opposition Confederacy LawyerKilled at the Battle of Seven Pines [5]
Philemon T. Herbert July 23, 186438Member of U.S. House of Representatives from California's at-large district (1855–57)
Member of the California State Assembly (1853–55)
Democrat Confederacy LawyerDied from injuries sustained at the Battle of Mansfield [5]
John Edwin Holmes May 8, 186353 Lieutenant Governor of Wisconsin (1848–50)
Member of the Wisconsin State Assembly (1853–54)
Democrat (before 1856)
Republican (after 1856)
Union Lawyer & ministerDied from illness acquired while a prisoner at Libby Prison [5]
James S. Jackson October 8, 186239Member of U.S. House of Representatives from Kentucky's 2nd district (1861) Unionist Union LawyerKilled at the Battle of Perryville [5]
Albert G. Jenkins May 21, 186433Member of U.S. House of Representatives from Virginia's 11th district (1857–61) Democrat Confederacy Lawyer & planterDied from injuries acquired at the Battle of Gettysburg and Battle of Cloyd's Mountain [5]
George W. Johnson April 8, 186250Confederate Governor of Kentucky (1861–62)
Member of the Kentucky House of Representatives (1838–40)
Democrat Confederacy Lawyer & farmerKilled at the Battle of Shiloh [5]
Albert Sidney Johnston April 6, 186259 Secretary of War for the Republic of Texas (1838–40) Confederacy Military officerKilled at the Battle of Shiloh [5]
William High Keim May 18, 186248Surveyor General of Pennsylvania (1860–61)
Member of U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania's 8th district (1858–59)
Mayor of Reading, Pennsylvania (1848–49)
Whig Union Military officerDied of typhus while serving as a general in the Union Army [5]
Laurence M. Keitt June 2, 186439Member of the Confederate Provisional Congress
from South Carolina (1861–62)
Member of U.S. House of Representatives from South Carolina's 3rd district (1853–60)
Member of the South Carolina House of Representatives (1848–53)
Democrat Confederacy Lawyer & planterKilled at the Battle of Cold Harbor [5]
John Basil Lamar September 15, 186249Member of U.S. House of Representatives from Georgia's at-large district (1843)
Member of the Georgia House of Representatives (1837–38)
Democrat Confederacy Lawyer & planterDied from injuries acquired at the Battle of Crampton's Gap [5]
Thomas Marshall 1861~35Member of the Maine Senate (1859–60)
Member of the Maine House of Representatives (1857–58)
Republican Union MerchantDied from fever acquired while serving in the 7th Maine Infantry Regiment [14]
Benjamin McCulloch March 7, 186250Member of the Texas House of Representatives (1846)
Member of the Republic of Texas House of Representatives (1839–42)
Confederacy Military officerKilled at the Battle of Pea Ridge [5]
Randal William McGavock May 12, 186336 Mayor of Nashville, Tennessee (1858–59) Confederacy Lawyer & planterKilled at the Battle of Raymond [5]
David McKee December 31, 186234Member of the Wisconsin State Assembly (1852–53) Democrat (before 1855)
Republican (after 1855)
Union Lawyer & pioneerKilled at the Battle of Stones River [15]
Burton Millard April 7, 1862~34Member of the Wisconsin State Assembly (1858–59) Republican Union MachinistKilled while on duty in Lee's Mill Earthworks, Virginia [16]
Sydenham Moore August 20, 186245Member of U.S. House of Representatives from Alabama's 4th district (1857–61) Democrat Confederacy LawyerKilled at Battle of Seven Pines [5]
Isaac Parsons April 24, 186248Member of Virginia House of Delegates (1854–57) Democrat Confederacy PlanterDied during a skirmish with Union Army cavalry near Grassy Lick Run [17]
Horace Patch June 22, 186247Member of Wisconsin State Assembly (????–1852) Democrat Union LawyerDied from injuries acquired at the Battle of Pittsburg Landing [18]
George W. Pratt September 11, 186232Member of New York State Senate (1853–54) Democrat Union Leather manufacturerDied from injuries acquired at the Second Battle of Bull Run [5]
Samuel Allen Rice July 6, 186436 Attorney General of Iowa (1856–61) Republican Union LawyerDied from injuries acquired at the Battle of Jenkins' Ferry [5]
Francis M. Rotch November 28, 186341Member of New York State Senate (1860–61) Union FarmerDied from fever contracted while serving in the Army of the Potomac [5]
Thomas Hart Ruffin October 17, 186343Member of U.S. House of Representatives from North Carolina's 2nd district (1853–61) Democrat Confederacy LawyerDied from injuries acquired at the Battle of Bristoe Station [5]
Nicholas J. Rusch September 22, 186442 Lieutenant Governor of Iowa (1860–62)
Member of the Iowa Senate (1858–60)
Republican Union Tutor & farmer [19]
Robert Eden Scott May 3, 186254Member of the Virginia House of Delegates (1839–42; 1845–49; 1850–52) Whig Confederacy Lawyer & planterKilled by Union deserters when he confronted them for using his land [5]
Henry Marchmore Shaw February 1, 186444Member of U.S. House of Representatives from North Carolina's 1st district (1853–55; 1857–59) Democrat Confederacy DoctorShot while assembling other Confederate troops for an expedition [5]
Eliakim Sherrill July 4, 186350Member of U.S. House of Representatives from New York's 10th district (1847–49)
Member of the New York Senate (1854–55)
Whig & Republican Union TannerDied from injuries acquired at the Battle of Gettysburg [5]
Isaac Stevens September 1, 186244 Governor of Washington Territory (1853–57)
Delegate to the U.S. House of Representatives from Washington Territory's at-large district (1857–61)
Democrat Union Military officerKilled at the Battle of Chantilly [5]
Richard Hanson Weightman August 10, 186144Member of U.S. House of Representatives from New Mexico Territory's at-large district (1851–53) Democrat Confederacy Military officerKilled at the Battle of Wilson's Creek [5]
William Sydney Wilson November 3, 186245Member of the Mississippi Legislature (1858–59; 1860–61) Democrat Confederacy Died from injuries acquired at the Battle of Antietam [5]
John Wimer January 11, 186352 Mayor of St. Louis, Missouri (1843–44; 1857–58) Democrat Confederacy BlacksmithKilled at the Battle of Hartville [5]
David E. Wood June 17, 186238Member of the Wisconsin State Assembly (1850–51) Whig (before 1854)
Republican (after 1854)
Union LawyerDied of unspecified disease [20]
Felix Zollicoffer January 19, 186249Member of U.S. House of Representatives from Tennessee's 8th district (1853–59)
Member of the Tennessee Senate (1849–52)
Whig & American Confederacy Newspaper owner and editorKilled at the Battle of Mill Springs [5]
Abraham Lincoln April 14, 1865 56

16th President of the United States (1861–1865)
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Illinois's 7th district (1847–1849)
Member of the Illinois House of Representatives from Sangamon County (1834–1842)

Whig (before 1856)
Republican (after 1856)
Union LawyerShot in the head by John Wilkes Booth while watching the stage play Our American Cousin at Ford's Theatre in Washington, D.C.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2nd Wisconsin Infantry Regiment</span> Union Army infantry regiment

The 2nd Wisconsin Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. It spent most of the war as a member of the famous Iron Brigade of the Army of the Potomac. It suffered the largest number of casualties as a percentage of its total enlistment of any Union Army unit in the war.

The 9th Wisconsin Infantry Regiment was a volunteer infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">27th Wisconsin Infantry Regiment</span> Union Army infantry regiment

The 27th Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. The regiment began organizing in August 1862 but recruiting problems delayed its entry into federal service until March 1863. Predominantly from the Lake Michigan shore counties of the state, the regiment was mainly composed of German immigrants. The 27th Wisconsin played a supporting role in the Siege of Vicksburg and participated in the capture of Little Rock, Arkansas during the year. The regiment served in the Little Rock garrison and saw its first serious combat in the Camden Expedition of 1864, during which it fought in the Battle of Jenkins' Ferry. The regiment was among the Union forces in the Mobile campaign in early 1865, and was involved in the Battle of Spanish Fort. Ending the war in the occupation of Texas, the regiment was mustered out in August before returning to Wisconsin.

The 38th Wisconsin Infantry Regiment was a volunteer infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War.

The 44th Wisconsin Infantry Regiment was a volunteer infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War.

The 50th Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry Regiment was a volunteer infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Thomas Allen (Wisconsin politician)</span> 19th century American publisher and politician, Union Army colonel.

Thomas Scott Allen was an American printer, teacher, newspaper publisher, and politician. He served as the 9th Secretary of State of Wisconsin and served as a Union Army officer throughout the American Civil War, earning an honorary brevet rank of brigadier general. Before the war he also served a term in the Wisconsin State Assembly, representing Iowa County, and later in life he was publisher of the Oshkosh Northwestern newspaper.

David C. Yakey was an American farmer and Union Army volunteer in the American Civil War. He later served one term in the Wisconsin State Assembly.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">William Hawley (general)</span> Union Army colonel in the American Civil War

William A. Hawley was a career United States Army officer, who served in the Mexican–American War and the American Civil War. During the Civil War, he commanded the 3rd Wisconsin Infantry Regiment and received an honorary brevet to the rank of brigadier general.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Frederick S. Lovell</span> 19th century American lawyer and politician

Frederick Solon Lovell was an American lawyer and politician. He was the 11th Speaker of the Wisconsin State Assembly, was a delegate to both Wisconsin constitutional conventions, and was a Union Army officer in the American Civil War.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">David James (American politician)</span> American politician (1843-1921)

David Goodrich James was an American businessman, tinner and Civil War veteran from Richland Center, Wisconsin. He represented the 28th district of the Wisconsin State Senate for four years (1909–1913) as a Republican, and served as a Union Army volunteer during the American Civil War. His brother Norman L. James represented the same district in the Wisconsin Senate.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Charles H. Baxter</span> 19th century American politician.

Charles Henry Baxter was an American businessman, banker, and progressive Republican politician. He served eight years in the Wisconsin State Senate, representing Grant County and neighboring municipalities, and was the 7th mayor of Lancaster, Wisconsin. He also served as a Union Army officer in the American Civil War.

Peter Daane was a Dutch American immigrant, businessman, and Wisconsin pioneer. He was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly, representing southern Sheboygan County during the 1873 session.

Otto Puhlman was a German American businessman and Democratic politician. He was the first mayor of Plymouth, Wisconsin, and served six additional terms as mayor. He represented much of western Sheboygan County in the Wisconsin State Assembly during the 1873 session. Earlier, he served as a Union Army officer in the American Civil War.

Michael J. Cantwell was an Irish American immigrant, printer, politician, and Wisconsin pioneer. He was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly, representing the capital city of Madison in the 1885 and 1887 sessions. He also served as a Union Army officer through most of the American Civil War.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Svend Samuelson</span> 19th century American politician

Svend Samuelson was a Norwegian American immigrant, farmer, and Republican politician. He was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly, representing Manitowoc County in the 1871 session.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">David McKee (American politician)</span> 19th century American politician

David McKee was an American lawyer, politician, and Wisconsin pioneer. He served one term in the Wisconsin State Assembly, representing Grant County. He was killed at the Battle of Stones River in the American Civil War.

Asa Walton Farr was an American lawyer and politician. He was district attorney of Middlesex County, Massachusetts from 1851 to 1853. After leaving office, he moved to Wisconsin, where he represented Walworth County the Wisconsin State Assembly for one term. He served as a Union Army quartermaster officer during the American Civil War and was murdered by Confederate guerillas in the massacre at Baxter Springs.

Rollin M. Strong was an American businessman, Republican politician, and Wisconsin pioneer. He served in the Wisconsin State Assembly, representing Sauk County, and was chief clerk of the Assembly for several years in the 1870s. During the American Civil War, he served as a Union Army officer. In historical documents, his name is usually abbreviated as R. M. Strong.

Marcus Trumer was an Austrian American immigrant and Democratic politician. He was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly for one term, representing southeast Dodge County in the 1871 session.

References

  1. Nofi, Al (June 13, 2001). "Statistics on the War's Costs". Louisiana State University. Archived from the original on July 11, 2007. Retrieved October 14, 2007.
  2. "U.S. Civil War Took Bigger Toll Than Previously Estimated, New Analysis Suggests". Science Daily. September 22, 2011. Archived from the original on April 1, 2019. Retrieved September 22, 2011.
  3. Albert Burton Moore. Conscription and Conflict in the Confederacy (1924) online edition Archived 2012-05-24 at the Wayback Machine .
  4. "Facts". National Park Service. Archived from the original on 2018-12-14. Retrieved 2022-07-30.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 "Politicians Killed in the Civil War (1861–1865)". Political Graveyard. Archived from the original on July 29, 2022. Retrieved July 30, 2022.
  6. "Avery, William Waightstill". NCPedia. Archived from the original on July 29, 2022. Retrieved July 30, 2022.
  7. "Bullock County". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on July 10, 2022. Retrieved July 30, 2022.
  8. Barker, Lorenzo A (1994). With the Western Sharpshooters. Huntington, WV: Blue Acorn Press. p. 173. ISBN   1-885033-02-8.
  9. "Representative Thomas Drummond". Iowa General Assembly. Archived from the original on 8 March 2022. Retrieved 8 June 2022.
  10. "Bio on Edward F.W. Ellis (excerpts from Edward F.W. Ellis, The Man, The Mason, The War Hero)". Archived from the original on 21 November 2005. Retrieved 30 July 2022.
  11. Norwich University, 1819–1911; Her History, Her Graduates, Her Roll of Honor. Vol. 2. The Capital City Press. 1911. pp.  505–506 . Retrieved January 5, 2022.
  12. Quiner, Edwin B. (1866). "Regimental History–Third Cavalry". The Military History of Wisconsin. Clarke & Co. p.  916 . Retrieved December 22, 2021.
  13. "Daniel Frost Helped Chart W.Va.'s Statehood". Archived from the original on 2019-08-07. Retrieved 2022-07-30.
  14. "Thomas H. Marshall, Belfast, ca. 1860". Maine Memory Network. Maine Historical Society. Archived from the original on 10 March 2016. Retrieved 5 March 2016.
  15. Quiner, Edwin B. (1866). "Biographical Sketches: Lieutenant Colonel David McKee". The Military History of Wisconsin. Chicago: Clarke & Co. pp. 1012–1015. Retrieved November 12, 2021.
  16. Marathon County, Wisconsin Historical Society-Burton Millard Archived 2014-10-19 at the Wayback Machine
  17. MacCabe, Virginia Parsons (1913). Parsons' Family History and Record. Decatur, Illinois: Charles W. Nickey. p. 269. OCLC   8590919.
  18. "Death of Capt. H. D. Patch". Wisconsin State Journal. Madison, WI. July 5, 1862. p. 1. Archived from the original on April 18, 2021. Retrieved April 18, 2021 via Newspapers.com. Open Access logo PLoS transparent.svg
  19. "Senator Nicholas John Rusch". Archived from the original on 8 June 2022. Retrieved 8 June 2022.
  20. Quiner, Edwin B. (1866). "Regimental History–Fourteenth Infantry". The Military History of Wisconsin. Chicago: Clarke & Co. pp. 598–612.