The 61st Munich Security Conference (MSC 2025) was the annual meeting of the Munich Security Conference, that took place from 14 February to 16 February 2025 in Munich, Germany. A few days earlier the Munich Security Report had been published. Its title served as thematic framework for the conference: 'multipolarization' - A state of global reorganization between promising opportunities and endangered communality, especially in the management of crises and threats. According to the report, “depolarization” and substantial reforms of the international order are now needed more than ever.[1] During the conference, a series of US statements at the conference sparked controversy and unrest among the attending European politicians.[2] Key outcomes of the conference include further weakening of the transatlantic alliance,[2][3] US attitude shift about the war in Ukraine–and Europe in general, increased US pressure on Europe to further raise defence spending, calls by the US for Europe to further increase military aid to Ukraine, and discord between US and Europe on topics as diverse as election interference, trade, freedom of speech and democratic values.[2]
Mark Rutte, the secretary general of NATO, said that European countries needed to come up with plans for Ukraine if they wished to play a major role in discussions on a peace settlement for the Russia–Ukraine war.[15]
In a speech, Vance said that illegal migration was the "most urgent" challenge faced by Europe.[6] Vance also said that European leaders need to do more to contribute to Ukrainian defense as the US focuses more on China.[7] Vance also claimed that European states were failing to uphold free speech and democratic values, criticizing the firewall against the far-right in Germany and the decision to cancel the results of the 2024 Romanian presidential election because of Russian interference in the campaign.[14][16] German defense minister Boris Pistorius rebuffed Vance's speech, saying,[17]
if I have understood him correctly, he is comparing conditions in parts of Europe with those in authoritarian regions ... that is not acceptable.
Responses vary greatly, but include Scholz saying,[18][21][22]
that is why we will not accept outsiders interfering in our democracy, our elections, and in the democratic formation of opinions in support and for the benefit of this party … that is not appropriate–especially among friends and allies, and we firmly reject this.
—Chancellor Olaf Scholz
Scholz also said "the democratic parties in Germany 'have a common consensus' because of the experiences with national socialism: that consensus is the firewall against extreme right parties",[18][a] stressing further that "the Federal Republic [of Germany] is a democracy, that created itself from the opposition against national socialism and against fascism",[18] national socialism and their monstrous crimes have been trivialised from the ranks of the AfD as a speck of "birdshit in German history",[23] "a commitment to 'never again', as Vance made during a visit to the Dachau concentration camp memorial site, cannot be reconciled with support for the AfD",[23] and that Germans "decide their democracy for themselves."[22][23]
Habeck noted that in the US "a new form of technological money-nobility" is currently emerging as a social class that needs German and European responses,[18] and "what Vance did yesterday [...] it must be said as clearly as this [...] it's none of your business [...] deal with your own stuff, there are enough challenges in the US."[18] Merz criticised Vance's interference in the German election, rejected Vance's allegation of a value deficit in Europe saying that lawful regulation of hate speech and fake news by independent courts is absolutely appropriate,[21] and pointed out that journalists would never be denied access to the chancellory in reference to Associated Press staff being denied access to the White House and Air Force One for their choice of speech around the name of the Gulf of Mexico.[21][24]
Zelenskyy called for the creation of a European army.[25] Such an army is a prerequisite to Europe, which has more than twice the population of the US, developing its own nuclear umbrella.[26] Currently that umbrella is contributed to NATO by the US as a deterrent,[27][28] with Belgium, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands and Turkey being nuclear sharing participants and France and the UK maintaining their own nuclear weapons. Loss of this umbrella would create a significant gap,[28] and might lead to what it was in part created to prevent: proliferation of nuclear weapons and emergence of Europe as anything but an indivisible albeit junior partner of the US.[27][29][30]
↑ Seeking to defend the constitution and laws of the Federal Republic of Germany against all enemies, foreign and domestic, is similar to what is found in the Oath of Allegiance.
↑ "Friedrich Merz fordert USA auf, Wahlergebnisse zu akzeptieren"[Friedrich Merz calls on the United States to accept election results]. Zeit Online (in German). 15 February 2024. Retrieved 16 February 2025. Merz sagte weiter: 'Es sei nicht denkbar, dass die deutsche Bundesregierung bestimmte Medien von Pressekonferenzen ausschließen würde.' Die US-Regierung lässt die Nachrichtenagentur AP nicht mehr zu Konferenzen im Oval Office zu. (transl.Merz went on to say: 'It is inconceivable that the German federal government would exclude certain media from press conferences.' The US government no longer allows the AP news agency to conference in the Oval Office.)
↑ Thelen, Silas (16 February 2025). "'In gewissem Sinne ein europäischer Albtraum'"['In some sense a European Nightmare']. ZDF (in German). Retrieved 19 February 2025. Es seien zwei Botschaften [...]: Einerseits die von Vance, die einer Wertegemeinschaft der USA mit Europa aufkündige. Andererseits sei durch die Teilnahme anderer US-Vertreter dennoch eine 'transatlantische Familie zusammengekommen', in der diese Gemeinschaft dennoch vorhanden sei. [...] Uns ist auch aufgefallen, dass selbst republikanische Senatoren vorsichtig sind, sich öffentlich zu äußern, weil sie Angst vor ihrem Präsidenten haben.
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Secretary Marco Rubio meets with NATO Secretary General Mark Rutte
Ukraine and US delegations meet
Panel discussion on Euro-Atlantic security at the Munich Security Conference
