69 Hesperia

Last updated

69 Hesperia
69Hesperia (Lightcurve Inversion).png
A three-dimensional model of 69 Hesperia based on its light curve.
Discovery
Discovered by G. Schiaparelli
Discovery dateApril 29, 1861 [1]
Designations
(69) Hesperia
Pronunciation /hɛˈspɪəriə/ [2]
Named after
Hesperia
Main belt
Adjectives Hesperian /hɛˈspɪəriən/ [3]
Orbital characteristics
Epoch (absent)
Aphelion 3.471  AU (519.3  Gm)
Perihelion 2.489  AU (372.3  Gm)
2.980  AU (445.8  Gm)
Eccentricity 0.165
1,879 days (5.14  a)
Inclination 8.59°
184.99°
288.8°
Physical characteristics
Dimensions138 km (IRAS) [4]
110 ± 15 km [5]
Mass (5.86±1.18)×1018 kg [6]
Mean density
4.38±0.99 g/cm3 [6]
5.655 h [4]
0.140 [4]
M
7.05 [4]

    Hesperia (minor planet designation: 69 Hesperia) is a large, M-type main-belt asteroid. It was discovered by the Italian astronomer Giovanni Schiaparelli on April 29, 1861 [1] from Milan, while he was searching for the recently discovered 63 Ausonia. [7] It was his only asteroid discovery. Schiaparelli named it Hesperia in honour of Italy (the word is a Greek term for the peninsula). [8] The asteroid is orbiting the Sun with a period of 5.14 years, a semimajor axis of 2.980  AU , and eccentricity of 0.165. The orbital plane is inclined by an angle of 8.59° to the plane of the ecliptic.

    Hesperia was observed by Arecibo radar in February 2010. [5] Radar observations combined with lightcurve-based shape models, lead to a diameter estimate of 110 ± 15 km (68 ± 9.3 mi). The radar albedo is consistent with a high-metal M-type asteroid. [5] In the near infrared, a weak absorption feature near a wavelength of 0.9 μm can be attributed to orthopyroxenes on the surface. [9] A meteorite analogue of the reflectance spectra from 69 Hesperia is the Hoba ataxite. [10]

    Related Research Articles

    2063 Bacchus, provisional designation 1977 HB, is a stony asteroid and near-Earth object of the Apollo group, approximately 1 kilometer in diameter. The contact binary was discovered on 24 April 1977, by American astronomer Charles Kowal at the Palomar Observatory in California, United States. It was named after Bacchus from Roman mythology.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">41 Daphne</span> Main-belt asteroid

    Daphne is a large asteroid from the asteroid belt. It is a dark-surfaced body 174 km in diameter is probably composed of primitive carbonaceous chondrites. The spectra of the asteroid displays evidence of aqueous alteration. It was discovered by H. Goldschmidt on May 22, 1856, and named after Daphne, the nymph in Greek mythology who was turned into a laurel tree. Incorrect orbital calculations initially resulted in 56 Melete being mistaken for a second sighting of Daphne. Daphne was not sighted again until August 31, 1862.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">64 Angelina</span> Main-belt asteroid

    Angelina is an asteroid from the central region of the asteroid belt, approximately 50 kilometers in diameter. It is an unusually bright form of E-type asteroid.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">92 Undina</span> Main-belt asteroid

    Undina, minor planet designation 92 Undina, is a large main belt asteroid. The asteroid was discovered by Christian Peters on 7 July 1867 from the Hamilton College Observatory. It is named for the eponymous heroine of Undine, a popular novella by Friedrich de la Motte Fouqué.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">110 Lydia</span> Main-belt asteroid

    Lydia is a large belt asteroid with an M-type spectrum, and thus may be metallic in composition, consisting primarily of nickel-iron. It was discovered by French astronomer Alphonse Borrelly on 19 April 1870 and was named for Lydia, the Asia Minor country populated by Phrygians. The Lydia family of asteroids is named after it.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">111 Ate</span> Main-belt asteroid

    Ate is a main-belt asteroid discovered by the German-American astronomer C. H. F. Peters on August 14, 1870, and named after Ate, the goddess of mischief and destruction in Greek mythology. In the Tholen classification system, it is categorized as a carbonaceous C-type asteroid, while the Bus asteroid taxonomy system lists it as an Ch asteroid.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">135 Hertha</span> Main-belt asteroid

    Hertha is an asteroid from the inner region of the asteroid belt, approximately 77 kilometers in diameter. Discovered on 18 February 1874 by German–American astronomer Christian Peters at the Litchfield Observatory near Clinton, New York, it was named after the Teutonic and Scandinavian goddess of fertility, Hertha, also known as Nerthus. It orbits among the Nysa asteroid family, but its classification as a metallic M-type asteroid does not match the more common F-type asteroid for this family, suggesting that it may be an interloper. Spectroscopic analysis indicates the possible presence of hydrated silicates indicating that Hertha should possibly be reclassified from its present M-type to the proposed W-type.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">137 Meliboea</span> Main-belt asteroid

    137 Meliboea is a large, dark main-belt asteroid that was discovered by Austrian astronomer J. Palisa at the Austrian Naval Observatory on 21 April 1874, the second of his many asteroid discoveries. It was later named after Meliboea, the daughter of Oceanus and Tethys in Greek mythology. The largest body in the Meliboea family of asteroids that share similar orbital elements, only 791 Ani approaches its size. It is classified as a C-type asteroid and may be composed of carbonaceous materials. The spectra of the asteroid displays evidence of aqueous alteration.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">148 Gallia</span> Main-belt asteroid

    Gallia is an asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 90 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 7 August 1875, by the French brothers Paul Henry and Prosper Henry at the Paris, but the credit for this discovery was given to Prosper. It was named after the Latin name for the country of France, Gaul. Based upon its spectrum, it is an unusual G-type asteroid (GU) and a stony S-type asteroid in the Tholen and SMASS classification, respectively.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">238 Hypatia</span> Main-belt asteroid

    Hypatia is a very large main-belt asteroid that was discovered by Russian astronomer Viktor Knorre on July 1, 1884, in Berlin. It was the third of his four asteroid discoveries. The name was given in honour of philosopher Hypatia of Alexandria. Based upon the spectrum, it is classified as a C-type asteroid and is probably composed of primitive carbonaceous material. Like many asteroids of this type, its surface is very dark in colour.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">346 Hermentaria</span> Main-belt asteroid

    Hermentaria is a very large main-belt asteroid. It was discovered by French astronomer Auguste Charlois on 25 November 1892, in Nice. It is probably named for the town of Herment in the region of Auvergne, France. The asteroid is orbiting the Sun with a period of 4.68 years and an eccentricity (ovalness) of 0.10. The orbital plane is inclined by 8.7° to the plane of the ecliptic.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">375 Ursula</span> Main-belt asteroid

    Ursula, provisional designation 1893 AL, is a dark asteroid and parent body of the Ursula family from the outer regions of the asteroid belt. It is one of the largest asteroids with a diameter of approximately 200 kilometers. It was discovered on 18 September 1893, by French astronomer Auguste Charlois at Nice Observatory in France. The referent of the asteroids's name is unknown.

    Thia is a very large main-belt asteroid. It is classified as a C-type asteroid and is probably composed of carbonaceous material. This object was discovered by Auguste Charlois on July 23, 1895, in Nice, and was named after Theia, a Titaness in Greek mythology.

    Kreusa is a C-type asteroid orbiting the Sun in the asteroid belt, with the type indicating a surface with a low albedo and high carbonaceous content. The spectra of the asteroid displays evidence of aqueous alteration.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">505 Cava</span>

    Cava is a minor planet orbiting the Sun.

    1866 Sisyphus is a binary stony asteroid, near-Earth object and the largest member of the Apollo group, approximately 7 kilometers in diameter.

    1143 Odysseus, provisional designation 1930 BH, is a large Jupiter trojan located in the Greek camp of Jupiter's orbit. It was discovered on 28 January 1930, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg Observatory in southwest Germany, and later named after Odysseus, the legendary hero from Greek mythology. The dark D-type asteroid has a rotation period of 10.1 hours. With a diameter of approximately 125 kilometers, it is among the 10 largest Jovian trojans.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">1404 Ajax</span> Asteroid

    1404 Ajax is a carbonaceous Jupiter trojan from the Greek camp, approximately 83 kilometers kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 17 August 1936, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at Heidelberg Observatory in southern Germany, and named after the legendary warrior Ajax from Greek mythology. The assumed C-type asteroid belongs to the 40 largest Jupiter trojans and has a longer than average rotation period of 29.4 hours.

    3199 Nefertiti, provisional designation 1982 RA, is a rare-type asteroid, classified as near-Earth object of the Amor group of asteroids, approximately 2.2 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 13 September 1982, by American astronomer couple Carolyn and Eugene Shoemaker at Palomar Observatory, California, United States.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">1902 Shaposhnikov</span>

    1902 Shaposhnikov is a dark Hilda asteroid from the outermost region of the asteroid belt, approximately 92 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 18 April 1972, by Russian astronomer Tamara Smirnova at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory in Nauchnyj, on the Crimean peninsula. The asteroid was named after Soviet astronomer and WWII casualty Vladimir Shaposhnikov. It was one of the last larger asteroids discovered in the main belt.

    References

    1. 1 2 "Editorial Notice" (PDF). The Minor Planet Circulars. MPC 94743-95312: 94743. 29 August 2015. Retrieved 4 September 2015.
    2. Noah Webster (1884) A Practical Dictionary of the English Language
    3. "Hesperian" . Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press.(Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
    4. 1 2 3 4 "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 69 Hesperia" (2011-09-07 last obs). Jet Propulsion Laboratory . Retrieved 27 January 2012.
    5. 1 2 3 Shepard, Michael K.; Harris, Alan W.; Taylor, Patrick A.; Clark, Beth Ellen; Ockert-Bell, Maureen; Nolan, Michael C.; et al. (2011). "Radar observations of Asteroids 64 Angelina and 69 Hesperia" (PDF). Icarus. 215 (2): 547–551. arXiv: 1104.4114 . Bibcode:2011Icar..215..547S. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2011.07.027.
    6. 1 2 Carry, B. (December 2012), "Density of asteroids", Planetary and Space Science, vol. 73, pp. 98–118, arXiv: 1203.4336 , Bibcode:2012P&SS...73...98C, doi:10.1016/j.pss.2012.03.009. See Table 1.
    7. De Meis, S. (2011), "A few aspects of Schiaparelli's studies", Memorie della Societa Astronomica Italiana, 82: 290, Bibcode:2011MmSAI..82..290D.
    8. Schmadel, Lutz D. (2003), Dictionary of Minor Planet Names, Springer Science & Business Media, p. 22, ISBN   978-3-540-00238-3.
    9. Hardersen, Paul S.; et al. (May 2005), "Near-IR spectral evidence for the presence of iron-poor orthopyroxenes on the surfaces of six M-type asteroids", Icarus, 175 (1): 141−158, Bibcode:2005Icar..175..141H, doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2004.10.017.
    10. Neeley, J. R.; et al. (August 2014), "The composition of M-type asteroids II: Synthesis of spectroscopic and radar observations", Icarus, 238: 37−50, arXiv: 1407.0750 , Bibcode:2014Icar..238...37N, doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2014.05.008.