![]() Orbital diagram | |
Discovery [1] | |
---|---|
Discovered by | Hermann Mayer Salomon Goldschmidt |
Discovery site | Paris Observatory |
Discovery date | 5 May 1861 |
Designations | |
(70) Panopaea | |
Pronunciation | /pænəˈpiːə/ [2] |
Named after | Panopea |
main belt [3] | |
Adjectives | Panopaean |
Orbital characteristics [4] | |
Epoch 30 November 2008 | |
Aphelion | 3.0903 AU |
Perihelion | 2.1402 AU |
2.61526 AU | |
Eccentricity | 0.181641 |
1544.79 days (4.23 years) | |
264.193° | |
Inclination | 11.584° |
47.783° | |
256.016° | |
Physical characteristics | |
Dimensions | 122.17±2.3 km (mean) [5] |
Mass | (4.33 ± 1.09) × 1018 kg [6] |
Mean density | 3.48 ± 1.05 [6] g/cm3 |
15.87 ± 0.04 hours [7] | |
0.0675 ± 0.003 [5] | |
C [8] | |
8.11 [9] | |
70 Panopaea is a large main belt asteroid. Its orbit is close to those of the Eunomia asteroid family; however, Panopaea is a dark, primitive carbonaceous C-type asteroid in contrast to the S-type asteroids of the Eunomian asteroids. The spectra of the asteroid displays evidence of aqueous alteration. [10] Photometric studies give a rotation period of 15.797 hours and an amplitude of 0.11±0.01 in magnitude. Previous studies that suggested the rotation period may be twice this amount were rejected based upon further observation. [11]
Panopaea was discovered by Hermann Goldschmidt on 5 May 1861. [1] It was his fourteenth and last asteroid discovery. It is named after Panopea, a nymph in Greek mythology; the name was chosen by Robert Main, President of the Royal Astronomical Society. [12] In 1862, Swedish astronomer Nils Christoffer Dunér gave a doctoral thesis on the orbital elements of this asteroid. [13]
The orbit of 70 Panopaea places it in a mean motion resonance with the planets Jupiter and Saturn. The computed Lyapunov time for this asteroid is 24,000 years, indicating that it occupies a chaotic orbit that will change randomly over time because of gravitational perturbations of the planets. [14]
The asteroid frequently makes close approaches with 16 Psyche, such as on 12 June 2040 when it will make a close approach of 0.00602 AU (2.34 Lunar distances, or approx. 770,000 km, 478,455 mi) to the asteroid, and on 2 June 2095 when it will come only 0.003372 AU (1.31 LD) to the asteroid. [3]
35 Leukothea is a large, dark asteroid from the asteroid belt. It was discovered by German astronomer Karl Theodor Robert Luther on April 19, 1855, and named after Leukothea, a sea goddess in Greek mythology. Its historical symbol was a pharos ; it is in the pipeline for Unicode 17.0 as U+1CED0 .
36 Atalante is a large, dark main-belt asteroid. It was discovered by the German-French astronomer H. Goldschmidt on October 5, 1855, and named by French mathematician Urbain Le Verrier after the Greek mythological heroine Atalanta. It was rendered 'Atalanta' in English sources in the 19th century. This asteroid is classified as C-type (carbonaceous), according to the Tholen classification system.
38 Leda is a large, dark main-belt asteroid that was discovered by French astronomer J. Chacornac on January 12, 1856, and named after Leda, the mother of Helen of Troy in Greek mythology. In the Tholen classification system, it is categorized as a carbonaceous C-type asteroid, while the Bus asteroid taxonomy system lists it as a Cgh asteroid. The spectra of the asteroid displays evidence of aqueous alteration.
41 Daphne is a large asteroid from the asteroid belt. It is a dark-surfaced body 174 km in diameter is probably composed of primitive carbonaceous chondrites. The spectra of the asteroid displays evidence of aqueous alteration. It was discovered by H. Goldschmidt on May 22, 1856, and named after Daphne, the nymph in Greek mythology who was turned into a laurel tree. Incorrect orbital calculations initially resulted in 56 Melete being mistaken for a second sighting of Daphne. Daphne was not sighted again until August 31, 1862.
54 Alexandra is a carbonaceous asteroid from the intermediate asteroid belt, approximately 155 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered by German-French astronomer Hermann Goldschmidt on 10 September 1858, and named after the German explorer Alexander von Humboldt; it was the first asteroid to be named after a male.
102 Miriam is a moderately large, very dark main belt asteroid. It was discovered by C. H. F. Peters on August 22, 1868, from the Litchfield Observatory.
105 Artemis is a main-belt asteroid that was discovered by J. C. Watson on September 16, 1868, at Ann Arbor, Michigan. It was named after Artemis, the goddess of the hunt, Moon, and crossways in Greek Mythology.
134 Sophrosyne is a large main-belt asteroid that was discovered by German astronomer Robert Luther on 27 September 1873, and was named after the concept of sophrosyne, Plato's term for 'moderation'. Classified as a C-type asteroid, it has an exceedingly dark surface and most probably a primitive carbonaceous composition.
137 Meliboea is a large, dark main-belt asteroid that was discovered by Austrian astronomer J. Palisa at the Austrian Naval Observatory on 21 April 1874, the second of his many asteroid discoveries. It was later named after Meliboea, the daughter of Oceanus and Tethys in Greek mythology. The largest body in the Meliboea family of asteroids that share similar orbital elements, only 791 Ani approaches its size. It is classified as a C-type asteroid and may be composed of carbonaceous materials. The spectra of the asteroid displays evidence of aqueous alteration.
146 Lucina is a main-belt asteroid that was discovered by Alphonse Borrelly on June 8, 1875, and named after Lucina, the Roman goddess of childbirth. It is large, dark and has a carbonaceous composition. The spectra of the asteroid displays evidence of aqueous alteration.
161 Athor is an M-type Main belt asteroid that was discovered by James Craig Watson on April 19, 1876, at the Detroit Observatory and named after Hathor, an Egyptian fertility goddess. It is the namesake of a proposed Athor asteroid family, estimated to be ~3 billion years old.
168 Sibylla is a large main-belt asteroid, discovered by Canadian-American astronomer J. C. Watson on September 28, 1876. It was most likely named for the Sibyls, referring to the Ancient Greek female oracles. Based upon its spectrum this object is classified as a C-type asteroid, which indicates it is very dark and composed of primitive carbonaceous materials. 168 Sibylla is a Cybele asteroid, orbiting beyond most of the main-belt asteroids.
268 Adorea is a very large main belt asteroid, about 140 km (87 mi) in width. It was discovered by A. Borrelly on 8 June 1887 in Marseilles. This asteroid is a member of the Themis family and is classified as a primitive carbonaceous F-type/C-type asteroid. It is orbiting the Sun at a distance of 3.09 AU with an orbital eccentricity (ovalness) of 0.14 and a period of 5.44 yr. The orbital plane is tilted at an angle of 2.44° to the plane of the ecliptic.
331 Etheridgea is a large main belt asteroid. It was discovered by Auguste Charlois on 1 April 1892 in Nice. The meaning of the name is unknown. This asteroid is orbiting the Sun at a distance of 3.02 AU with a period of 5.26 years and an eccentricity (ovalness) of 0.10. The orbital plane is tilted at an angle of 6.05° to the plane of the ecliptic.
546 Herodias is a carbonaceous asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 66 kilometers in diameter. It is an identified Eunomian interloper. It was named after the biblical character Herodias.
706 Hirundo is an elongated background asteroid, located in the central region of the asteroid belt. It was discovered by German astronomer Joseph Helffrich at the Heidelberg Observatory on 9 October 1910. The carbonaceous C-type asteroid (Cgh) has a rotation period of 22.0 hours and measures approximately 30 kilometers in diameter. It was named after the bird genus Hirundo, commonly known as swallows.
777 Gutemberga is a dark and large background asteroid, approximately 66 kilometers in diameter, from the outer regions of the asteroid belt. It was discovered by German astronomer Franz Kaiser at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory on 24 January 1914. The carbonaceous C-type asteroid (Cb) has a rotation period of 12.8 hours. It was named after Johannes Gutenberg, who introduced the printing press to Europe and started the Printing Revolution.
784 Pickeringia is a large background asteroid, approximately 76 kilometers in diameter, located in the outer region of the asteroid belt. It was discovered on 20 March 1914, by American astronomer Joel Hastings Metcalf at the Winchester Observatory in Massachusetts. The dark C-type asteroid has a rotation period of 13.1 hours and an irregular shape. It was named after American astronomers Edward Charles Pickering (1846–1919) and his brother William Henry Pickering (1858–1938).
794 Irenaea is a dark background asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt. It was discovered on 27 August 1914, by Austrian astronomer Johann Palisa at the Vienna Observatory. The presumed C-type asteroid has a rotation period of 9.1 hours and measures approximately 36 kilometers in diameter. It was likely named after Irene Hillebrand, daughter of Austrian astronomer Edmund Weiss (1837–1917).
4585 Ainonai is a dark Chloris asteroid, approximately 11 kilometers in diameter, located in the central region of the asteroid belt. It was discovered on 16 May 1990, by Japanese amateur astronomers Kin Endate and Kazuro Watanabe at the Kitami Observatory in eastern Hokkaidō, Japan. The presumed carbonaceous C-type asteroid has a longer than average rotation period of 38.3 hours. It was named for the Japanese town of Ainonai, located near the discovering observatory.