8th Submarine Flotilla | |
---|---|
Active | 1912–15 January 1919 1939-1945 |
Country | United Kingdom |
Branch | Royal Navy |
Size | Flotilla |
Part of | Home Fleet 1912-1919 Mediterranean, Indian Ocean and Pacific based commands 1939-1945 |
The 8th Submarine Flotilla was a flotilla of the British Royal Navy consisting of submarines and their supporting depot ships and destroyers. It was established as part of the Home Fleet in 1912. [1] The flotilla brought together the newer, longer range 'overseas' submarines for the purpose of carrying out offensive operations. Composition of the flotilla varied over time. It was disestablished in 1919. [2]
The flotilla was re-established in 1939 for service in the Second World War. It was disestablished again after the close of hostilities.
On 5 August 1914, the Eighth Submarine Flotilla was based at its war station at Harwich and was constituted as follows: [3]
Submarines
Depot ships
Attached Destroyers
HMS D.1 was also notionally part of the flotilla, but was transferred to the Dover Patrol when war broke out. She re-joined the Flotilla on 23 August 1914
The Flotilla carried out patrols in the Heligoland Bight and in the Kattegat. It participated in the First Battle of Heligoland and the Cuxhaven Raid and covered the passage of the British Expeditionary Force to France. The development of a satellite base at Yarmouth was commenced. Notable events and organisational changes are as follows: [4]
HMS E.10 joined the Flotilla on completion of sea trials, 27 August
E.9 torpedoed and sank the Scout cruiser Hela south of Heligoland on 13 September
HMS E.11 joined the Flotilla on completion of sea trials, 2 October
E.9 torpedoed and sank the high seas torpedo boat S.116 on 6 October off the Ems estuary
HMS E.12 joined the Flotilla on completion of sea trials, 17 October
E.1 and E.9 entered the Baltic Sea for detached service with the Russian Baltic Fleet, 17-18 October
E.3 was sunk by a torpedo fired by U-27 of the Ems, 18 October
D.5 was sunk by a mine off Yarmouth, 3 November
HMS E.15 joined the Flotilla on completion of sea trials, 5 November
HMS C.34 was temporarily attached to the Flotilla from the Dover Patrol, 17 November until 20 December
D.2 was lost on a patrol to a billet off Heligoland, cause and location of loss unknown, on or after 25 November
HMS S.1 joined the Flotilla from the Dover Patrol, 2 December
HMS C.16 was temporarily attached to the Flotilla from the Dover Patrol, 2 to 16 December
Archimède was temporarily attached to the Flotilla from the French 3e Escadrille, 2 to 16 December
HMS E.13 joined the Flotilla on completion of sea trials, 15 December
As at 1 February 1916, the flotilla had grown in size and was based at both Harwich and Yarmouth. It was constituted as follows: [5]
Submarines
Depot ships
Attached Destroyers
HMS E.1, HMS E.8, HMS E.9, HMS E.18 and HMS E.19 were notionally still in the flotilla, but were all on detached service with the Russian Baltic Fleet.
Vessels based at Harwich were transferred to the re-established 9th Submarine Flotilla in August 1916 and only those submarines based at Yarmouth remained in 8th Flotilla [6]
As at 1 October 1916 the flotilla was based at Yarmouth and formed part of the Harwich Force: [7]
Submarines
Depot ship
As at 1 January 1919 the flotilla remained part of the Harwich Force, but following the suspension of hostilities had moved to Dover and was constituted as follows: [8]
Submarines
Depot ship
Service summary: [9]
Re-established on the East Indies Station at Colombo September 1939, disestablished again May 1940. 4 'O' Class submarines.
Re-established for the North Atlantic Command at Gibraltar December 1940, moving to Algiers December 1943.
Moved to the Eastern Fleet February 1944.
The Flotilla was moved to Fremantle in August 1944, for service with the U.S. 7th Fleet. Maidstone arrived on 4 September 1944 and the submarines arrived throughout the month. The Flotilla was constituted as follows: [10]
Submarines
Depot ship
The Flotilla carried out patrols against both enemy warships and commerce in the South West Pacific. Principal events during 1944 in addition to the sinking of three merchant ships and 59 small coastal craft were as follows:
Zwaardvisch torpedoed and sank U-168, 6 October 1944
Zwaardvisch torpedoed and sank the Japanese minelayer Itsukushima, 17 October 1944
Stoic returned home for refit and was replaced by HMS Spirit from 2nd Submarine Flotilla in December
Operations continued from Fremantle in 1945, but up to the end of April enemy vessels proved hard to find. Principal events in addition to the sinking of one merchant ship, a small armed decoy and 29 small coastal craft were as follows:
Tantivy returned home for refit and was replaced by HMS Tradewind in January
Sirdar and Spirit returned home for refit and were replaced by HMS Tudor, HMS Stygian and HMS Spark in March
Stygian drove the Japanese Special Minesweeper No. 104 ashore with gunfire on Bali on 13 April
Maidstone left Fremantle on 19 April. The Flotilla was relocated to a new base at Subic Bay in the Philippines. Maidstone arrived on 20 May. The Flotilla was reconstituted there as follows: [11]
Submarines
Depot ship
Rank | Name | Term | Notes | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Officers Commanding, 8th Submarine Flotilla | |||||
1 | Captain (S) | Frank Brandt | 15 October 1912 - 1 September 1913 | Appointed for command of Submarine Flotilla [12] | |
2 | Captain (S) | Arthur Kipling Waistell | 1 September 1913 - 9 August 1916 | Appointed for command of Submarine Flotilla [13] | |
3 | Commander (S) | Sir Leonard Pius Vavasour, Baronet | 9 August 1916 - 14 November 1918 | Appointed for command of Submarine Flotilla [14] | |
4 | Commander (S) | Robert Ross Turner | 14 November 1918 - 15 January 1919 | Appointed for command of Submarine Flotilla [15] | |
HMS Laforey was the lead ship of her class of destroyer built for the Royal Navy. Launched a year before the First World War began, she was attached to the Dover Patrol. Laforey saw action in several engagements with German torpedo boats, including the Battle off Noordhinder Bank and the action of 17 March 1917. Laforey was sunk in 1917 by a British mine after escorting several freighters to France. She was named for Francis Laforey, captain of HMS Spartiate at the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805.
HMS E4 was a British E class submarine built by Vickers, Barrow-in-Furness, costing £101,900. E4 was laid down on 16 May 1911, launched on 5 February 1912 and commissioned on 28 January 1913. On 24 September 1915 E4 was attacked by the German airship SL3. On 15 August 1916, she collided with sister ship E41 during exercises off Harwich. Both ships sank and there were only 14 survivors, all from E41. Both boats were raised, repaired and recommissioned. She was sold on 21 February 1922 to the Upnor Ship Breaking Company.
HNLMS Zwaardvisch (S814) was the lead ship of the Royal Netherlands Navy's Zwaardvisch-class submarine, which was based on the British T class. The submarine was originally ordered as HMS Talent (P322) and built by Vickers Armstrong, Barrow. It served mainly in the Pacific against the Japanese during the war, operating under both British and US operational command in Ceylon and Australia. In 1950, the vessel was renamed HNLMS Zwaardvis. She was sold and broken up for scrap in 1963.
The Bombardment of Yarmouth and Lowestoft, often referred to as the Lowestoft Raid, was a naval battle fought during the First World War between the German Empire and the British Empire in the North Sea.
The Active-class cruisers were a trio of scout cruisers built for the Royal Navy shortly before the First World War. They were initially assigned to the First Fleet and became destroyer flotilla leaders in 1914. Amphion and Fearless and their flotillas were assigned to the Harwich Force when the war began in August 1914. They went out on a patrol on the first day of the war and Amphion and her destroyers encountered and sank a German minelayer. On the voyage home, the cruiser struck a mine laid by the German ship and sank. She was the first ship of the Royal Navy to be sunk in the war.
The Harwich Force originally called Harwich Striking Force was a squadron of the Royal Navy, formed during the First World War and based in Harwich. It played a significant role in the war.
HMS Lurcher was a modified Acheron-class destroyer, named after the lurcher-type dog, and the fifth ship of the Royal Navy to bear the name; when new she was the fastest ship in the Royal Navy.
Admiral Sir Arthur Kipling Waistell KCB was a Royal Navy officer who went on to be Commander-in-Chief, Portsmouth.
HMS Laverock was a Laforey-class destroyer of the Royal Navy. She was launched in 1913 and entered service in October 1914. Laverock served through the First World War, operating with the Harwich Force and in the English Channel. She was sold for scrap in 1921.
HMS Murray was a Royal Navy Admiralty M-class destroyer. Ordered before the outbreak of war, she was therefore the first of her class to enter operation during the early months of the First World War. She was also the first vessel of the Royal Navy to carry the name HMS Murray.
HMS Nimrod was a Marksman-class flotilla leader of the British Royal Navy. She was built by the Scottish shipbuilder Denny, with construction starting in 1914 and completed in August 1915. She served through the remainder of the First World War. She was sold for scrap in 1921.
HMS Lightfoot was a Marksman-class flotilla leader of the British Royal Navy. Construction by J. Samuel White began in June 1914, shortly before the outbreak of the First World War, and the ship was launched and completed in 1915. She survived the war and was sold for scrap in 1921.
HMS Landrail was a Laforey-class destroyer of the British Royal Navy. The Laforey class was the class of destroyers ordered under the Royal Navy's 1912–1913 construction programme, which were armed with three 4-inch (102 mm) guns and four torpedo tubes and were capable of 29 knots. The ship, which was originally to be named Hotspur but was renamed before launch, was built by the Scottish shipbuilder Yarrow between 1912 and 1914,
HMS Lark was a Laforey-class destroyer of the British Royal Navy. The Laforey class was the class of destroyers ordered under the Royal Navy's 1912–1913 construction programme, which were armed with three 4-inch (102 mm) guns and four torpedo tubes and were capable of 29 knots. The ship, which was originally to be named Haughty but was renamed before launch, was built by the Scottish shipbuilder Yarrow between 1912 and 1913.
HMS Laurel was a Laforey-class destroyer which served with the Royal Navy. Launched on 6 May 1913 as HMS Redgauntlet, the ship was renamed on 30 September under an Admiralty order to become one of the first alphabetical class destroyers. On commissioning, the vessel joined the 3rd Destroyer Flotilla and operated as part of the Harwich Force during the First World War. During Battle of Heligoland Bight, Laurel led a flotilla that pursued German torpedo boats, engaging with G194 and G196, and was damaged in action with the cruiser Mainz. The vessel also played a minor role in the Battles of Dogger Bank, Dover Strait and Jutland. With the cessation of hostilities, the ship was placed in reserve and scrapped on 1 November 1921.
HMS Liberty was a Laforey-class destroyer that served with the Royal Navy during the First World War. Launched on 15 September 1913 as HMS Rosalind, the ship was renamed on 30 September under an Admiralty order to become one of the first alphabetical class destroyers. On commissioning, the vessel joined the Third Destroyer Flotilla and operated as part of the Harwich Force. During Battle of Heligoland Bight, Liberty engaged with the German torpedo boats G194 and G196, and scored two hits on the cruiser Mainz. On 8 February 1917, the destroyer rammed and sank the German submarine UC-46. The vessel also played a minor role in the battles of Dogger Bank, Dover Strait and Jutland, as well as acting as a convoy escort and patrolling the Dover Barrage. With the cessation of hostilities, the ship was placed in reserve and sold to be broken up on 5 November 1921.
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HMS Lawford was a Laforey-class destroyer of the British Royal Navy. The Laforey class was the class of destroyers ordered under the Royal Navy's 1912–1913 construction programme, which were armed with three 4-inch (102 mm) guns and four torpedo tubes and were capable of 29 knots. The ship, which was originally to be named Ivanhoe but was renamed before launch, was built by the Scottish shipbuilder Fairfields between 1912 and 1914.