Major Abid Hasan "Safrani" | |
---|---|
Born | Zain-al-Abdin Hasan 11 April 1911 |
Died | 5 April 1984 72) | (aged
Nationality | Indian |
Alma mater | St. George's Grammar School [1] |
Employer(s) | Indian National Army (1942-1945) Indian Foreign Service (1948-1969) |
Notable work | Shubh Sukh Chain, Jai Hind |
Indian Ambassador to Denmark | |
Indian Ambassador to Egypt | |
Abid Hasan Safrani,IFS,born Zain-al-Abdin Hasan,was an officer of the Indian National Army (INA) and later,after 1947,an Indian diplomat. He famously introduced the slogan 'Jai Hind',which translates to 'victory belongs to India' that is used for official and semi-official purposes including army salutes,moral upliftment and in pop culture. [2]
Born to an anti-colonialist family in Hyderabad,Abid Hasan was brought-up in India and later went to Germany to train as an engineer. While he was a student in Germany during World War II that Abid Hasan met Subhas Chandra Bose and decided to join the Indische Legion. Hasan would later serve as Bose's personal secretary and interpreter while Bose was in Germany. Hasan also sailed with Bose in the German U-boat U-180 in 1943 on Bose's voyage to South East Asia. Over the course of the reformation of the INA and its campaigns in the south east Asian theatre,Hasan rose to be a Major in the Azad Hind Fauj. It was also during this that he adopted "Safrani",after the holy Hindu colour of Saffron,to his name as a mark of communal harmony.
After repatriation to India at the end of the war,Abid Hasan was released following the end of the INA trials in 1946 and joined the Indian National Congress briefly. After partition,Hasan chose to settle in Hyderabad and joined the nascent Indian Foreign Service. Over a long diplomatic career,Hasan served as the Indian Ambassador to a number of countries including Egypt and Denmark before retiring in 1969 and settling back in Hyderabad. Abid Hasan Saffrani died in 1984.
On suggestion of Abid Hasan,the INA adopted "Jai Hind" as its slogan; [3] The term "Jai Hind" had been coined by Abid Hasan himself. [4] In the 1940s,the INA leaders decided to devise a religion-agnostic greeting for its soldiers:Thakur Yashwant Singh suggested "Hindustan ki Jai",but Hasan felt this was too long and suggested "Jai Hind" as an alternative,which was unanimously accepted. [3] The term emerged as a national slogan after India's independence. [5]
Netaji Bose's nephew Aurobindo Bose later married Safrani's niece. Her name is Suraiya Hasan Bose. She was the daughter of elder brother of Abid Hasan safrini by name[ clarification needed ] Badrul Hasan,who worked with Gandhiji. Mr Abid Hasan died on April 5,1984.
Hasan was also a scholar who spent long hours with his Persian and Urdu poetry. [6] His Hindi-Urdu translation of Jana Gana Mana with the music from Ram Singh Thakuri,became Shubh Sukh Chain ,the anthem of the Provisional Government of Free India. [7] Abid Hasan Safrani died on 5 April 1984 in Hyderabad.
Jana Gana Mana is the national anthem of the Republic of India. It was originally composed as "Bharoto Bhagyo Bidhata" in Bengali by polymath Rabindranath Tagore on 11 December 1911. The first stanza of the song Bharoto Bhagyo Bidhata was adopted by the Constituent Assembly of India as the National Anthem on 24 January 1950. A formal rendition of the national anthem takes approximately 52 seconds. A shortened version consisting of the first and last lines is also staged occasionally. It was first publicly sung on 27 December 1911 at the Calcutta Session of the Indian National Congress.
The Indian National Army was a collaborationist armed unit of Indian collaborators that fought under the command of the Japanese Empire. It was founded by Mohan Singh in September 1942 in Southeast Asia during World War II.
Subhas Chandra Bose was an Indian nationalist whose defiance of British authority in India made him a hero among many Indians,but his wartime alliances with Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan left a legacy vexed by authoritarianism,anti-Semitism,and military failure. The honorific 'Netaji' was first applied to Bose in Germany in early 1942—by the Indian soldiers of the Indische Legion and by the German and Indian officials in the Special Bureau for India in Berlin. It is now used throughout India.
Vande Mātaram is a poem written in Sanskritised Bengali by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee in the 1870s. The first two verses of the poem were adopted as the National Song of India in October 1937 by the Congress.
The Provisional Government of Free India or,more simply,Azad Hind,was a short-lived Japanese-controlled provisional government in India. It was established in Japanese occupied Singapore during World War II in October 1943 and has been considered a puppet state of the Empire of Japan.
Jai Hind is a salutation and slogan that originally meant "Victory to Hindustan",and in contemporary colloquial usage often means "Long live India" or "Salute to India". Coined by Champakaraman Pillai and used during India's independence movement from British rule,it emerged as a battle cry and in political speeches.
Azad Hind Radio was a radio service that was started under the leadership of Subhas Chandra Bose in 1942 to encourage Indians to fight against the British. Though initially based in Nazi Germany,its headquarters were shifted to Japanese occupied Singapore following the course of the war in Southeast Asia. After Netaji's departure to Southeast Asia,the German operations were continued by A. C. N. Nambiar,the head of the Indian Legion in Nazi Germany and later ambassador of the Arzi Hukumate Azad Hind in Germany.
Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose:The Forgotten Hero is a 2004 Indian epic biographical war film,written and directed by Shyam Benegal. The film starred an ensemble cast of Sachin Khedekar,Kulbhushan Kharbanda,Rajit Kapur,Arif Zakaria,and Divya Dutta,among others. The film depicts the life of the Indian Independence leader Subhas Chandra Bose in Nazi Germany:1941–1943,and in Japanese-occupied Asia 1943–1945,and the events leading to the formation of Azad Hind Fauj.
Chempakaraman Pillai was an Indian-born political activist and revolutionary. Born in Thiruvananthapuram,to Tamil parents,he left for Europe as a youth,where he spent the rest of his active life as an Indian nationalist and revolutionary.
St. George's Grammar School is a private school located at Abids,Hyderabad. It is affiliated to the Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations.
The Jai Hind postmark was the first commemorative postmark of Independent India,and was issued on the day of independence,15 August 1947. The post mark was withdrawn on 31 December 1947 but reintroduced at Girdikot Post Office,Jodhpur in June 1948. Most of the postmarks issued after 31 December 1947 are from this post office. The mark was withdrawn from Girdikot in April 1949,but was reused in June 1949 in Jodhpur Post Office in a new format of a rectangular box measuring 51 mm x 26 mm which reads "Jai Hind" in English and Hindi in two lines,with the date,time and place in 3rd,4th and 5th line respectively. The time and date are flanked with 3 wavy lines on each side. It was used as a cancellation mark. It remained in use until November 1955.
Ram Singh Thakuri was an Indian freedom fighter,musician and composer. He composed a number of patriotic songs including Qadam Qadam Badhaye Ja and Shubh Sukh Chain whilst serving in the Indian National Army.
"Qadam Qadam Badhaye Ja" was the regimental quick march of Indian National Army. Written by Vanshidhar Shukla and composed by Ram Singh Thakuri in 1942,it was banned by the British in India after World War II as seditious. The ban was lifted in August 1947 and the song has since become a patriotic anthem in India. It has been re-interpreted by various Indian musicians including C. Ramachandra,A. R. Rahman and recently by Indraadip Dasgupta in the film Gumnaami (2019) by Srijit Mukherji.
Shubh Sukh Chain was the national anthem of the Provisional Government of Free India.
Bharata Bhagya Bidhata is a five-stanza Brahmo hymn in Bengali. It was composed and scored by Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore in 1913. The first stanza of the song has been adopted as the National Anthem of India.
Hindustan Zindabad is a Hindi phrase and battle cry most commonly used in the Republic of India in speeches and communications pertaining to or referring to patriotism towards India,and has been used since the British Raj in the colonial India. It translates to "Long Live India". It is a nationalistic slogan,and has been used in nationalist protests such as radical peasant movements in post-colonial India. Another variation of the slogan is Jai Hind. Such slogans are common while cheering the Indian team in cricket matches.
The Indian National Army (INA) and its leader Subhash Chandra Bose are popular and emotive topics within India. From the time it came into public perception in India around the time of the Red Fort Trials,it found its way into the works of military historians around the world. It has been the subject of a number of projects,of academic,historical and of popular nature. Some of these are critical of the army,some —especially of the ex-INA men —are biographical or autobiographical,while still others historical and political works,that tell the story of the INA. A large number of these provide analyses of Subhas Chandra Bose and his work with the INA.
Gumnaami is a 2019 Indian Bengali-language mystery film based on the true events directed by Srijit Mukherji,which deals with the mystery of Netaji's death,based on the Mukherjee Commission hearings and the book Conundrum written by Anuj Dhar and Chandrachur Ghose. It has been produced by Shrikant Mohta,Pranay Ranjan,and Mahendra Soni under the banner of Shree Venkatesh Films. Prosenjit Chatterjee plays the roles of Subhas Chandra Bose and Gumnaami Baba.
Suraiya Hasan Bose was an Indian textile conservator,textile designer,and manufacturer,who worked to preserve traditional Indian textile art and techniques. She worked with the Indian Cottage Industries Emporium,as well as the Indian Handloom and Handicrafts Export Corporation,later establishing her own textile manufacturing unit to create traditional Indian textiles. Her designs have been exhibited in the Victoria and Albert Museum.
Snippet: ... Capt Ram Singh would be remembered for his composition of Jana Gana Mana, the original script of which was a little different. It was Sukh Chain Ki Barkha Barse, Bharat Bhagya Hai Jaga. The song was based on a poem by Rabindranath Tagore and was translated into Hindi by Abid Ali. ...