Adrianitidae

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Adrianitidae
Temporal range: Middle Pennsylvanian–Middle Permian
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Cephalopoda
Subclass: Ammonoidea
Order: Goniatitida
Superfamily: Adrianitoidea
Family: Adrianitidae
Schindewolf, 1931
Subfamilies

Adrianitidae is a family in the Adrianitaceae, a superfamily of ammonites in the cephalopod order, Goniatitida, known from the Middle Pennsylvanian to the Middle Permian.

Contents

Members of the Adrianitidae, named by Schindewolf in 1931, and of the Adrianitaceae, have shells (conchs) that are discoidal to globular with umbilici that vary in form, and sutures with 10 to 30, more or less equal, lobes.

The Adrianitinae which come from the Lower and Middle Permian have sutures that form 14 to 30 lobes. Genera included Adrianites, Hoffmannia, Doryceras, Crimites, and Texoceras. The Dumbaritinae which come from the Middle and Upper Pennsylvanian (U Carb) have sutures with only 10 lobes. Clinolobus, from the Middle Permian of Sicily, has about 14 lobes with the course of the external suture forming a V.

Classification

The Adriantidae contains three subfamilies, the Adrianitinae, Hoffmanniinae, and Texoceratinae. Most of the genera in the family, some 15 in number, are included in the Adrianitinae. The remaining two are included, one each, in the Hoffmanniinae and Texoceratinae.

Dunbarites and Clinolobus included in the Adrianantidae in the older edition of Treatise (Part L) have since then been reassigned; Dunbarites to the Schistocerataceae and Clinolobus to the Neoicocerataceae

The Emilitinae, established to include the most primitive members of the family, based on Emilites , have been reincorporated into the Adrianitinae. Pamiritella for which the Pamiritellinae was established is considered also part of the Adrianitinae.

Phylogeny

According to Saunders et al. (1999), the Adrianitidae are derived from Clistoceras , a genus in the Somholitaceae, through Emilites, which in turn is the source for Pseudoemilites and Crimites . Pseudoemilites resulted in small groups that include Veruzhites and Nevadoceras as well. Crimites on the other hand gave rise to Neocrimites and Pamiritella which respectively are the source for the Adrianitinae and Pameritellinae. Crimites also gave rise to Aricoceras and Neoaricoceras . The source for either Hoffmannia or Texoceras is unknown.

Older Taxonomy

In the taxonomies put forth by Miller, Furnish, and Schindewolf (ca 1960) in the Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part L, Ammonoidea, the Adrianitidae is divided into three subfamilies, the more advanced Adrianitinae based on Adrianites, the more primitive Dunbaritinae containing Dunbarites and Emilites, and the Clinolobitinae with just Clinolobus .

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Cheiloceratidae is a family of ammonoid cephalopods included in the goniatitid suborder Tornoceratina in which the suture has 4 to 12 lobes, the ventral one undivided and those in the lateral areas originating as subdivisions of internal and external lateral saddles.

Tornoceratoidea, also known as Tornocerataceae, is a superfamily of goniatitid ammonoids included in the suborder Tornoceratina. Tornoceratoidea, or Tornocerataceae, is essentially the Cheilocerataceae of Miller, Furnish, and Schindewolf (1957) in the Treatise Part L, revised to accommodate new taxa and new perspectives on the phylogeny.

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Adrianitinae is a subfamily of the Adrianitidae which is part of the goniatitid superfamily Adrianitaceae. The Adrianitinae which comprise the more advanced genera in the Adrianitidae have sutures that form 14 to 30 lobes. Shells may be discoidal or globular or in between.

Hoffmanniinae is an adrianitid ammonoid cephalopod subfamily established for the Middle Permian genus Hoffmannia.

Texoceras is an extinct ammonoid genus in the monotypic goniatitid subfamily Texoceratinae, included in the family Adrianitidae. These are shelled cephalopods more closely related to squids, belemnites, octopuses, and cuttlefish than to nautiloids from which they are derived.

Goniatitidae Extinct family of molluscs

Goniatitidae is one of three families included in the ammonoid cephalopod superfamily Goniatitoidea, known from the Lower Mississippian to the Upper Permian. They have sutures that form 8 lobes and characteristically lack sculpture. The ventral lobe, as for the superfamily, is bifurcated.

Goniatitinae

Goniatitinae is one of six subfamilies into which the Goniatitidae is subdivided according to Miller, Furnish, and Schindewolf, 1957. The diagnostic character is the narrow bifurcated ventral lobe of the suture, which lies along the outer rim. As with the inclusive Goniatitidae, sutures have eight lobes, shells are without prominent ornament, umbilici are small to moderate in size.

Thalassoceratidae a family of late Paleozoic ammonites included in the goniatitid superfamily Thalassoceratoidea along with the Bisatoceratidae. Some eight genera are included, although the specific number and exactly which depends on the particular classification.

Medlicottiidae is a family of ammonoid cephalopods belonging to the Prolecanitida, known from the Upper Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian) to the Early Triassic.

Prolecanitida is an order of extinct ammonoid cephalopods with discoidal to thinly lenticular shells with goniatitic or ceratitic sutures and which retained the simple retrochoanitic siphuncle with backward extending septal necks. As typical for ammonoids the siphuncle is along the ventral margin. Prolecanitids form a relatively small and stable order within the Ammonoidea with 43 named genera and about 1250 species, but with a long-ranging lineage of about 108 m.y. stretching from the Lower Carboniferous to the Triassic. Although not as diverse as their goniatitid contemporaries, the Prolecanatida provided the stock from which all later Mesozoic ammonoids were derived.

The Daraelitidae form a family in the ammonoid order Prolecanitida from the Upper Mississippian - Middle Permian characterized by discoidal shells with no prominent sculpture, moderately large umbilicus, and goniatitic or ceratitic sutures with a trifid ventral lobe and few auxiliary lobes.

<i>Cyclolobus</i>

Clyclolobus is a smooth, essentially involute subdiscoidal goniatitid ammonoid that has sutures with a bifurcate ventral lobe, flared outwardly at the end, in which the halves may be secondarily trifurfate, ending in sharp, narrow projections. Lateral sutural elements follow an acuate line that swings first to the front, then sharply to the rear before becoming hidden by the next whorl. Saddles are narrow, cumulous in appearance with short, irregular, rounded sub-endings. Ventro-lateal lobes are trifurcate with pointed, thorn-like projections.

Lyrogoniatitites is a neoglyphiocercean ammonite, in the order Goniatitida, related to genera like Alaoceras, Cravenoceras, Dumbarigloria and Pachylyroceras.

Cravevoceras is an Upper Paleozoic ammonite in the goniatite family Cravenoceratidae, probably derived from Pachylyroceras and contemporary with other cravenoceratid genera like Caenolyroceras, Tympanoceras and later Alaoceras and Lyrogoniatites. It is also a member of the Neoglyphiocerataceae.

The Uddenitinae a subfamily of the Medlicottiidae, a family of ammonoid cephalopods included in the Prolecanitida. The Uddenitinae, proposed by Miller and Furnish, and known from the Pennsylvanian and Lower Permian, are transitional between the ancestral Pronoritidae and the more traditional medlicottiids

The Medlicottiinae is a subfamily of the Medlicottiidae, a family of ammonoid cephalopods included in the Prolecanitida, characterized by having discoidal to thinly lenticular shells with a retuse (grooved) venter and sutures with bifid auxiliary lobes.

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