| Aglaia edulis | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Herbarium specimen of Aglaia edulis | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Sapindales |
| Family: | Meliaceae |
| Genus: | Aglaia |
| Species: | A. edulis |
| Binomial name | |
| Aglaia edulis | |
| Synonyms | |
| |
Aglaia edulis is a tree species of plant in the family Meliaceae. It occurs in Tropical Asia from India to Yunnan and South-Central China. The wood and timber are used for various purposes.
It is found in the Lesser Sunda Islands, Maluku Islands, Sulawesi, Java, Sumatra in Indonesia; Philippines; Malaysia; Thailand; Cambodia; Vietnam; Hainan, the south-central region and Yunnan in China; Laos; Myanmar; Bangladesh; Nicobar Islands, Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, Arunachal Pradesh, Eastern Himalaya and other parts of India; and Bhutan. [3] [5]
It is regarded as Near Threatened in status as the population is severely fragmented, there is a continuing decline of mature individuals and there is a continuing decline in the area, extent and/or quality of habitat. [1] As noted below, it has critically endangered status in Bangladesh.
It grows as an 8-20m tall tree in dense, semi-evergreen and evergreen forests of Cambodia. [6] [7] In the Phnom Kulen National Park, Siem Reap Province, it is one of the (12 or more) dominant canopy and emergent tree taxa in the common Evergreen Forest formation. [8]
In Zhōngguó/China it occurs a tree some 5-9m tall, with a diameter at breast height of 30 cm. [9] It has rufous bark, though young branches are glabrous and pale brown. Leaves are 25 to 30 cm. The fruit, c.5.5 by 3-3.5 cm is brown and elliptic, 1 to 3 seeds. It flowers and fruits from November to January. The tree grows in evergreen broad-leaved forests at 1200-1800m elevation on limestone hills, particularly in Malipo County, Yunnan.
The International Union for Conservation of Nature/IUCN has the plant as a rare scattered tree primarily found along rocky coasts in evergreen and primary forest. [1]
A. edulis trees have one of the largest diameter sizes (50–70 cm) in the Dryland Forest and Swamp Peat Forest formations in the Muara Kendawangan Nature Reserve, Ketapang Regency, West Kalimantan, Indonesia (0 to 30m.a.s.l.). It occurs in the Baccaurea lanceolata-Calophyllum inophyllum association of taxa. [10]
In Doi Suthep–Pui National Park, northern Thailand, it is one of the upper canopy trees of the Evergreen Forest formation, growing from 1,350m to 1,500m elevation. [11]
The species grows amongst the 16–22m high middle layer of the three levels of dense vine-tangled canopy occurring in the Dry Evergreen Forest community at the Sakae Rat Environmental Research Station, Pak Thong Chai District, northeastern Thailand. [12]
At Hazarikhil Wildlife Sanctuary, Chittagong Division, the tree's presence in Bangladesh was established for the first time since the only previous record made by Joseph Dalton Hooker (Hook.f.) in 1875. It had been thought extinct, it is now given a critically endangered status. [13]
Vernacular names for the plant include:
In Cambodia, the fruits of the trees known as -mchu:l are eaten, when ripe, while the wood is used in temporary constructions and for firewood. [6] The timber of the trees known as bâng' kew, bângkô:ng or bangkuv (which is common in Pursat Province and also found in Stung Treng Province) is valued highly in construction, even though it is a Third-class (lowest-grade) timber, with very low royalties due for extraction. [7] The timber of this species is red, hard, and usually used for making carts, boats, furniture, etc. [9]
Sindora siamensis is a species of tree in the subfamily Detarioideae of the family Fabaceae. It has an accepted infraspecific, the variety S. siamensis var. maritima (Pierre) K.Larsen & S.S.Larsen. See taxon box to the right below, and below for details on the variety maritima. The nominate species is found in many countries in tropical Asia. Like several other species in the genus Sindora, its wood is considered valuable; the least concern conservation status may reflect efforts to replant this species, but mortality rates are high. As well as the wood, the plant provides raw material for chemical products, food and drink, and domestic utensils.
Aglaia lawii is a species of tree in the family Meliaceae. As well as the autonym species, there are two subspecies accepted.
Aglaia leptantha is a species of tree in the family Meliaceae. It is found in Mainland and Island Southeast Asia. People use the plant for food, incense, and for human and bovine medicine. Gibbons also eat parts of the tree.
Aglaia spectabilis is a species of tree in the family Meliaceae, found from the Santa Cruz Islands in the southwest Pacific to Queensland (Australia), Southeast Asia, Yunnan (Zhōngguó/China) and the Indian subcontinent. It grows from a 1m shrub to an emergent 40m tall tree, depending on the habitat. Its wood is commercially exploited as timber, but otherwise is of poor quality with limited use. The fruit are eaten, and used in folk medicine. The seeds are large in comparison to other plants, and a major source of dispersal of the species are hornbills eating the fruit, flying away from the tree and regurgitating the seeds.
Hydnocarpus annamensis is a tree in the Achariaceae family. It is found in Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, southern Yunnan and southern Guangxi in Zhōngguó/China. It is threatened by habitat loss. The plant produces low-quality wood and its fruits are used in traditional medicine.
Ailanthus triphysa is a medium to tall evergreen rainforest tree in Asia and Australia. The wood may be used for matchwood and plywood. The tree is known as halmaddi in India, where its resin, also called halmaddi, may be used in incense. Inappropriate extraction methods were resulting in trees dying, so by the 1990s the Indian forestry department had banned extraction.
Elaeocarpus lanceifolius is a tree species in the family Elaeocarpaceae. It is found across tropical Asia from Thailand to Yunnan to Nepal to Karnataka, India. It is used for its wood, fruit, and nuts.
Dipterocarpus turbinatus is a species of tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae native to north-eastern India and mainland Southeast Asia, and cultivated in surrounding regions. It is an important source of the wood known as keruing, and is often used in the plywood industry.
Diospyros venosa is a tree in the family Ebenaceae. It is native to Southeast Asia, from the Maluku Islands to Myanmar. It provides raw material for handicrafts, traditional medicine and fuel.
Plectocomia pierreana is a species of liana in the Arecaceae, or palm tree, family. It is a spiny climber, with either a single stem or a cluster of stems up to 35 m in length, stems are 1 to 9 cm in diameter. Its spines are up to 2 cm long.
Calamus viminalis, one of many Calamus species commonly referred to as rattan, is a plant of the Arecaceae, or palm, family native to: Java and Bali in Indonesia; Peninsular Malaysia; all parts of Thailand; Cambodia; Cochinchina and Central Annam in Vietnam; all parts of Laos; Myanmar; Bangladesh; Andaman and Nicobar Islands; North-east, North-central, and South India; and probably north-west and south Yunnan in China.
Brownlowia emarginata is a slightly climbing tree, a member of the family Malvaceae. It occurs in Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos and Thailand.
A small tree with tortuous twigs, Dillenia pentagyna is a member of the family Dilleniaceae, and is found from Sulawesi to South-Central China to India and Sri Lanka. Material from the tree has some minor uses.
Antidesma japonicum is a shrub in the family Phyllanthaceae. It is found in Southeast Asia, China and Japan. It provides food and fuel. A. japonicum has two accepted varieties: the nominate variety, A. japonicum var. japonicum; and the robustius variety, A. japonicum var. robustius.
The tree Castanopsis pierrei is in the family Fagaceae. It is found in Thailand and Cambodia. It provides fuel, food and crop-shading.
Ilex umbellulata is an evergreen tree species related to holly, generally four to fifteen metres in height. It is found in Southeast Asia. This tree is most often found growing in forests.
Utania racemosa is a species of flowering plant in the family Gentianaceae. It occurs in Southeast Asia from Sumatera in Indonesia to the Andaman Islands in India. Its wood is used for timber and fuel.
Strychnos nux-blanda is a shrub or small tree in the Loganiaceae family. It is native to Southeast Asia and Assam. The wood is used as fuel; seeds are toxic, but used in folk-medicine. It is one of the plants featured in the garden of King Narai (1633–88) at Lopburi, Thailand.
Syzygium claviflorum is a tree in the Myrtaceae family. It is native to the north of the Australian continent and in tropical and subtropical Asia. It is used for timber, as fuel, as human and cattle food, and for dye. Stunted specimens can be found on the top of the plateau of Bokor National Park, Cambodia.
Croton persimilis is a species of tree in the Euphorbiaceae family. It is native to an area from Thailand in mainland Southeast Asia to southern Yunnan, China and to the Indian subcontinent. It is a pioneer species with a short life span. The plant is used in the traditional medicines of various peoples.
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