| Alagoas tyrannulet | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Tyrannidae |
| Genus: | Phylloscartes |
| Species: | P. ceciliae |
| Binomial name | |
| Phylloscartes ceciliae Teixeira, 1987 | |
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The Alagoas tyrannulet (Phylloscartes ceciliae) is a Critically Endangered species of bird in the family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is endemic to Brazil. [1] [2]
The Alagoas tyrannulet is monotypic. [2] It and the bay-ringed tyrannulet (P. sylviolus) appear to be sister species. [3]
Dante Martins Teixeira, who formally described the species, called it the "long-tailed tyrannulet". He gave it the specific epithet ceciliae in memory of his late wife Cecelia Torres. [4]
The Alagoas tyrannulet is 11 to 13 cm (4.3 to 5.1 in) long; five individuals weighed 6.8 to 8.4 g (0.24 to 0.30 oz). The sexes have the same plumage. Adults have a thin whitish supercilium and an ashy blackish streak through the eye that continues to the rear and sweeps around the whitish ear coverts. Their crown, nape, back, and rump are dark olive green. Their wings are blackish olive with thin yellowish green edges to the flight feathers. Their wing coverts have wide greenish yellow tips that form two distinct wing bars. Their long tail is blackish with thin yellowish green edges to the feathers. Their throat and breast are whitish with a dark green wash on the sides of the breast. The rest of their underparts are white with a very pale yellow wash on the belly and undertail coverts. Both sexes have a chestnut iris, a black bill, and dark bluish gray legs and feet. [3] [4] [5]
The Alagoas tyrannulet is found only in far northeastern Brazil, in eastern Pernambuco and northeastern Alagoas states. [3] [5] Its total range is estimated at 11,800 km2 (4,600 sq mi), within which it is known from about 20 locations. [1] It is a bird of the Atlantic Forest, where it inhabits remnants of primary evergreen forest and mature secondary forest. [3] [5] One author states its elevational range as between 400 and 550 m (1,300 and 1,800 ft) [5] but others have extended it to between 160 and 980 m (500 and 3,200 ft) [3] [6] .
The Alagoas tyrannulet is a year-round resident. [3]
The Alagoas tyrannulet feeds primarily on insects. It forages actively, usually from the forest's mid-story to its canopy between about 6 and 15 m (20 and 50 ft) above the ground. It perches horizontally, sometimes with its tail cocked up, and makes short sallies to grab or hover-glean prey from leaves and twigs. It typically forages in pairs and sometimes joins mixed-species feeding flocks. [3]
The Alagoas tyrannulet's breeding season has not been detailed but appears to be between September and February. It makes a globular nest of plant fibers and dead leaves with a side entrance. The clutch size, incubation period, time to fledging, and details of parental care are not known. [3]
The Alagoas tyrannulet's song is "1-3 snappy and squeaky rising notes followed by a slightly slower pitched, Furnariid-like chatter of sharp, overslurred notes" that lasts about 1.5 seconds. Its primary call is "a short, nasal, sharply rising chweep! note". Both the song and call are somewhat variable. [3]
The IUCN originally in 1988 assessed the Alagoas tyrannulet as Threatened, then in 1994 as Endangered, in 2000 as Critically Endangered, in 2004 again as Endangered, and since 2017 again as Critically Endangered. It has a restricted range and its estimated population of 50 to 250 mature individuals is believed to be decreasing. A very large percentage of its Atlantic Forest habitat has been cleared for timber and conversion to sugar cane plantations. It does occur in a few well-protected areas. [1] It is considered "locally fairly common" overall and "locally relatively common" in some private preserves. [3]
The buff-banded tyrannulet is a species of bird in subfamily Elaeniinae of family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, and Peru.
The white-tailed tyrannulet is a species of bird in subfamily Elaeniinae of family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
The white-banded tyrannulet is a species of bird in subfamily Elaeniinae of family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.
The white-lored tyrannulet is a species of bird in subfamily Elaeniinae of family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.
The planalto tyrannulet is a species of bird in subfamily Elaeniinae of family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, and Paraguay.
The grey-capped tyrannulet is a Near Threatened species of bird in subfamily Elaeniinae of family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is endemic to Brazil.
Reiser's tyrannulet is a species of bird in subfamily Elaeniinae of family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in Brazil and Paraguay.
Sclater's tyrannulet is a species of bird in subfamily Elaeniinae of family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, and Peru.
Urich's tyrannulet is an Endangered species of bird in subfamily Elaeniinae of family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is endemic to Venezuela.
The greenish tyrannulet is a species of bird in subfamily Elaeniinae of family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay.
Phylloscartes is a genus of small birds in the family Tyrannidae. They are found in wooded habitats of Central and South America. They mainly feed on small arthropods, and most commonly take part in mixed species flocks. The mottled-cheeked tyrannulet is among the commonest birds in its range, but several other species are rare and threatened. Their plumage is predominantly green, yellow, white and grey, and many have contrasting facial patterns and wing-bars. They have thin, pointed bills, and relatively long tails. Most frequently cock their tail, perch relatively horizontally and are very active.
The Serra do Mar bristle tyrant, or Serra do Mar tyrannulet, is a small species of bird in the tyrant flycatcher family Tyrannidae. It is endemic to Brazil.
The Sao Paulo bristle tyrant, or Sao Paulo tyrannulet, is a Near Threatened species of bird in the tyrant flycatcher family Tyrannidae. It is found in Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay.
The Venezuelan bristle tyrant is a Near Threatened species of passerine bird in the family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is endemic to Venezuela.
The mottle-cheeked tyrannulet is a generally common, small species of bird in the family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay.
The Bolivian tyrannulet is a species of bird in the family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in Bolivia and Peru.
The slender-footed tyrannulet is a species of bird in the family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.
The Yungas tyrannulet is a Vulnerable species of bird in subfamily Elaeniinae of family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in Bolivia and Peru.
The Guianan tyrannulet is a species of bird in the family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, and Venezuela.
Coopmans's tyrannulet is a species of bird in the family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in Colombia and Venezuela.
