August 1985 – AICOBOO Split[5]: Dissatisfaction over undemocratic practices at AICOBOO’s 3rd Triennial Conference in Madras led 294 of 506 delegates, led by R.N. Godbole and S.R. Sengupta, to walk out.
6 October 1985 – Birth of AIBOC: The dissident group founded the All India Bank Officers’ Confederation at FICCI Hall, New Delhi. S.R. Sengupta was elected President and R.N. Godbole General Secretary. Affiliates included officers’ bodies from 18 public sector banks, 2 private sector banks, and 1 state-level co-op bank.
24 October 1985: IBA recognised AIBOC as the principal bargaining agent.
22 January 1986: AIBOC was officially registered as a trade union (Reg. No. 3427, New Delhi).[6]
AIBOC emerged during a period of rapid change in India’s financial sector, when nationalised banks employed a large share of banking labour and officers’ organisations consolidated at the industry level. Academic literature places the confederation’s formation in 1985.[7][8] According to AIBOC’s own historical note, its foundation conference was held on 6 October 1985 in New Delhi.[9]
Industrial relations scholarship of the period identifies AIBOC as a federation that “controls the majority of officers in the industry,” with affiliates in most banks, and highlights its role in industry-wide bargaining alongside workmen’s unions.[10] Broader accounts of Indian industrial relations also note the consolidation of sector-level unions in banking in the 1980s and 1990s, including officers’ federations such as AIBOC.[11]
Early Background (Pre-AIBOC Era)
1950s–1960s: Bank officers faced poor service conditions—often earning less than clerks, no HRA, inadequate DA, undefined leave rules, heavy workloads, arbitrary promotions and transfers, and lack of medical aid or LFC.
Inspiration from Workmen’s Movement: The All India Bank Employees’ Association (AIBEA, founded 1946) secured major gains for workmen through successive tribunals (Shastri, Desai, etc.), but officers were excluded, prompting them to form their own organisations.
1960s–1970s: Formation of officers’ associations in SBI, Bank of India, Central Bank, UCO Bank, and Union Bank. SBI officers went on a 19-day strike in 1969, a milestone that coincided with the nationalisation of 14 banks.
1971 – Formation of AICOBOO[12]:L.V. Subramaniam, Former Secretary General of AICOBOOFollowing consultations with Finance Minister Y.B. Chavan, the All India Confederation of Bank Officers’ Organisations (AICOBOO) was set up, with A.R. Sule as Chairman and L.V. Subramaniam as Secretary General.
1973–1979 – Pillai Committee Dispute: The government unilaterally set up the Pillai Committee to standardise officers’ pay, sparking widespread protests. AICOBOO organised its first national strike in 1977 and a one-day strike in 1978. Gandhian mediator A.N. Buch secured bilateral talks with IBA, resulting in revised service conditions effective 1979.
Late 1970s–1980s: Joint actions with AIBEA and other unions strengthened the movement. However, leadership crises and government-backed “Loan Melas” tested AICOBOO’s credibility.
Membership and structure
AIBOC is a confederation of officers’ unions across public sector banks, selected private sector banks, and regional rural banks in India, functioning as an apex body for supervisory cadre employees.[13] Media coverage and union reports have variously described the confederation as representing “over three lakh” officers nationwide.[14] As of July 2024, press reports described AIBOC as “the largest officers’ trade union” in Indian banking.[15]
AIBOC is a constituent of the United Forum of Bank Unions (UFBU), an umbrella coalition of nine major bank unions that coordinates sector-wide actions and negotiations with the Indian Banks' Association (IBA).[16]
Activities
Key Milestones and Movements
1987–1989: Formation of AIRRBOF (1987) and a significant wage revision settlement (11 June 1989) introducing DA parity and revised pay structures.
1990: Supreme Court upheld rights of majority unions to nominate officer-directors[17]; Justice Obul Reddy Tribunal granted pay parity to RRB officers.[18]
1992: AIBOC convened a National Convention in Delhi opposing New Economic Policies.
1993: Pension scheme introduced in banking industry (signed 29 October).[19]
1994: Successful strike for computerisation increment and medical benefits.[20]
1995: Salary revision agreement (23 June). 4th Triennial Conference held in Bangalore.
1997: Formation of United Forum of Bank Unions (UFBU), with Sengupta later as Convener.[21][22]
1998: Retirement age raised to 60 years after sustained demand.[23]
1999: Wage settlement (effective 1 November 1997).
2000–2001: “Save Banks Campaign” against privatisation; opposition to VRS-2000.[24]
2002: Supreme Court upheld “Equal Pay for Equal Work” for RRB officers.[25]
2003: Formation of All India Coordination Committee of Unions in Financial Sector (AICCUFS).[26][27][28]
AIBOC participates in collective bargaining on officers’ service conditions through the IBA, and in joint industry campaigns under the UFBU. Coverage by mainstream media records AIBOC’s involvement in wage-settlement talks and sector-wide industrial actions,[44] as well as calls for or participation in nationwide strikes in 2025 alongside other UFBU constituents.[45][46]
The confederation also advocates on policy issues affecting officers and banking services. In November 2024 it publicly pressed for the implementation of a five-day work week for banks and measures to improve staff safety and recruitment, positions that received national media coverage.[47] At its 13th Triennial General Council (July 2024), AIBOC and the Centre for Financial Accountability released the report Where Is My Interest Rate?, critiquing recent shifts in India’s banking landscape.[48] Earlier, in February 2019, national press reported an AIBOC-led “mahamorcha” in New Delhi that drew an estimated 20,000 participants.[49]
Impact and reception
Scholarly work has examined the role of sector-level unions in shaping the trajectory of Indian banking since nationalisation. Kar (2018) argues that the “strong presence of unions” in the sector—including the creation of officers’ federations such as AIBOC in 1985—was one factor contributing to relatively cautious liberalisation and a stable banking environment compared to other emerging markets.[50] Industrial relations research from the 1990s similarly noted AIBOC’s growth and nationwide presence across banks during a period of changing employment relations and management practices in the industry.[51]
On the legal context for union activity, commentary in Economic and Political Weekly has analysed court rulings on the right of unions to demonstrate peacefully in India, reflecting the jurisprudential environment in which banking unions operate.[52] Broader handbooks and surveys of Indian industrial relations reference the consolidation of bank-level unions within sectoral federations in this period.[53]
Wage and Service Conditions: Multiple settlements (1979, 1989, 1995, 1999, 2004, 2005, 2010, 2015) ensured parity with workmen and RBI officers, DA neutralisation, pension as a third benefit, and improved gratuity.
Policy Advocacy: Resisted privatisation, foreign takeovers, dilution of PSBs, and RBI/government directives seen as anti-worker. Issued “Alternative Gyan Sangam Suggestions” for public sector banking reform.
Legal Achievements: Won Supreme Court verdicts on officer-director nominations, RRB pay parity, pension rights, gratuity enhancements, and VRS benefits.
Trade Union Rights: Consistently defended officers from premature retirements, arbitrary transfers, and “Loan Mela” pressures.
Social Campaigns: Observed “Anti-Merger Day,” “Anti-Privatisation Day,” and contributed to relief funds in disasters.
Leadership
Founding Leaders: President – S.R. Sengupta; General Secretary – R.N. Godbole.
Later Presidents: Shantha Raju (1997), K.D. Khera (2001), R.C. Agarwal (2004), V. Eswaran (2007), K.S. Shetty (2009), P.K. Sarkar (2010), Dilip K. Saha (2017).
Later General Secretaries: Sengupta (1995–2001), Shantha Raju (2001–2006), Amar Pal (2007), G.D. Nadaf (2008–2014), Harvinder Singh (2014–2017), D.T. Franco Rajendra Dev (2017).
At the 13th Triennial General Council held in Guwahati in July 2024, AIBOC unanimously re-elected P. M. Balachandra as President and Rupam Roy as General Secretary.[54][55]
Bhat, T. R. (2016). "Trade Unions in Banks Remain Relevant: A Rejoinder". Economic and Political Weekly. 51 (34). JSTOR44004545.
Venkataratnam, C. S.; Verma, Anil, eds. (1997). Challenge of Change: Industrial Relations in Indian Industry. Allied Publishers. ISBN9788170236511. Notes on sourcing (key references used)
Kar (2018) provides peer-reviewed, independent academic discussion of bank unions and explicitly cites AIBOC’s formation in 1985, situating officers’ unions within India’s financial-sector trajectory. LSE Research Online
Mankidy (1996) in the Indian Journal of Industrial Relations discusses changing employment relations in Indian banking and identifies AIBOC as a federation formed in 1985 with affiliates across banks and a majority presence among officers. JSTOR
T. R. Bhat (2013) in Economic & Political Weekly analyses jurisprudence on unions’ right to demonstrate peacefully, relevant to the legal context of banking unions. EPW JSTOR
Venkataratnam & Verma (1997) is a widely cited edited volume on industrial relations in India that contextualises sector-level union consolidation in the 1980s–90s. Google Books
Reputable media coverage confirming leadership and current activities includes ANI in ThePrint (10 July 2024) and PTI in ETBFSI (11 July 2024), as well as broader coverage of AIBOC’s policy positions (e.g., five-day week) and UFBU-led actions in Economic Times, Business Standard, Mint, Moneylife. ThePrint ETBFSI.com The Economic Times Business Standard mint Moneylife
References
↑ Mankidy, Jacob (1996). "Changing Employment Relations in Banking: The Emerging Role of Management". Indian Journal of Industrial Relations. 31 (3): 347–361. JSTOR27767420.
↑ Mankidy, Jacob (1996). "Changing Employment Relations in Banking: The Emerging Role of Management". Indian Journal of Industrial Relations. 31 (3): 347–361. JSTOR27767420.
↑ Mankidy, Jacob (1996). "Changing Employment Relations in Banking: The Emerging Role of Management". Indian Journal of Industrial Relations. 31 (3): 347–361. JSTOR27767420.
↑ Mankidy, Jacob (1996). "Changing Employment Relations in Banking: The Emerging Role of Management". Indian Journal of Industrial Relations. 31 (3): 347–361. JSTOR27767420.
↑ Mankidy, Jacob (1996). "Changing Employment Relations in Banking: The Emerging Role of Management". Indian Journal of Industrial Relations. 31 (3): 347–361. JSTOR27767420.
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