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Public Sector Undertakings (Banks) are a major type of government-owned banks in India, where a majority stake (i.e., more than 50%) is held by the Ministry of Finance (India) of the Government of India or State Ministry of Finance of various State Governments of India. The shares of these government-owned-banks are listed on stock exchanges. Their main objective is social welfare.
The Central Government entered the banking business with the nationalization of the Imperial Bank of India in 1955. A 60% stake was taken by the Reserve Bank of India and the new bank was named State Bank of India. The seven other state banks became subsidiaries of the new bank in 1959 when the State Bank of India (Subsidiary Banks) Act, 1959 was passed by the Union government. [1]
The next major government intervention in banking took place on 19 July 1969 when the Indira government nationalised an additional 14 major banks. The total deposits in the banks nationalised in 1969 amounted to 50 crores. This move increased the presence of nationalised banks in India, with 84% of the total branches coming under government control. [2]
The share of the bank sector held by the public banks continued to grow through the 1980s, and by 1991 public sector banks accounted for 90% of the banking sector. A year later, in March, 1992, the combined total of branches held by public sector banks was 60,646 across India, and deposits accounted for ₹1,10,000 crore. The majority of these banks was profitable, with only one out of the 21 public sector banks reporting a loss. [3]
The nationalised banks reported a combined loss of ₹1160 crores. However, the early 2000s saw a reversal of this trend, such that in 2002-03 a profit of ₹7780 crores by the public sector banks: a trend that continued throughout the decade, with a ₹16856 crore profit in 2008–2009. [3]
The consolidation of SBI-associated banks started first by State Bank of India merging its subsidiary State Bank of Saurashtra with itself on 13 August 2008. [4] Thereafter it merged State Bank of Indore with itself on August 27, 2010. [5] The remaining subsidiaries, namely the State Bank of Bikaner & Jaipur, State Bank of Hyderabad, State Bank of Mysore, State Bank of Patiala and State Bank of Travancore, and Bharatiya Mahila Bank were merged with State Bank of India with effect from 1 April 2017.
On 30 August 2019, Minister of Finance Nirmala Sitharaman announced the government's plan for further consolidation of public sector banks. The mergers took effect from 1 April 2020. [8]
Presently there are 43 Regional Rural Banks in India Since 1 April 2020. [9]
Andhra Pradesh
Arunachal Pradesh
Assam
Bihar
Chhattisgarh
Gujarat
Haryana
Himachal Pradesh
Jammu and Kashmir
Jharkhand
Karnataka
Kerala
Madhya Pradesh
Maharashtra
Manipur
Meghalaya
Mizoram
Nagaland
Odisha
Puducherry
Punjab
Rajasthan
Tamil Nadu
Telangana
Tripura
Uttar Pradesh
Uttarakhand
West Bengal
State Bank of India (SBI) is an Indian multinational public sector bank and financial services statutory body headquartered in Mumbai, Maharashtra. SBI is the 48th largest bank in the world by total assets and ranked 221st in the Fortune Global 500 list of the world's biggest corporations of 2020, being the only Indian bank on the list. It is a public sector bank and the largest bank in India with a 23% market share by assets and a 25% share of the total loan and deposits market. It is also the tenth largest employer in India with nearly 250,000 employees. On 14 September 2022, State Bank of India became the third lender and seventh Indian company to cross the ₹ 5-trillion market capitalisation on the Indian stock exchanges for the first time. The largest public lender in the country reached a milestone on February 7, 2024, when its market capitalization surpassed ₹6 lakh crore, making it the second public sector undertaking (PSU) to do so, after Life Insurance Corporation. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has identified the SBI, HDFC Bank, and ICICI Bank as Domestic Systemically Important Banks (D-SIBs), which are often referred to as banks that are “too big to fail”.
Bank of Baroda is an Indian public sector bank headquartered in Vadodara, Gujarat. It is the second largest public sector bank in India after State Bank of India, with 153 million customers, a total business of US$218 billion, and a global presence of 100 overseas offices. Based on 2023 data, it is ranked 586 on the Forbes Global 2000 list.
Punjab National Bank is an Indian public sector bank based in New Delhi.It was founded in May 1894 and is the third-largest public sector bank in India in terms of its business volumes, with over 180 million customers, 12,248 branches, and 13,000+ ATMs.
Indian Bank is an Indian public sector bank, established in 1907 and headquartered in Chennai. It serves over 100 million customers with 41,645 employees, 5,814 branches with 4,929 ATMs and Ccsh deposit machines. Total business of the bank has touched ₹1,094,752 crore (US$140 billion) as onfMarch 231, 023.
Modern banking in India originated in the mid of 18th century. Among the first banks were the Bank of Hindustan, which was established in 1770 and liquidated in 1829–32; and the General Bank of India, established in 1786 but failed in 1791.
State Bank of Bikaner & Jaipur (SBBJ) was a major Indian bank. It was a subsidiary of State Bank of India, with which it was merged on 31 March 2017. As of 2015, SBBJ had 1,360 branches, mostly located in the state of Rajasthan, India. Its branch network out of Rajasthan covered all the major business centers of India. In 1997, the bank entered the capital market with an initial public offering of 1,360,000 shares at a premium of Rs. 440 per share. For the year 2015-16 the net profit of the company was Rs. 8.5 billion.
Canara Bank is an Indian public sector bank based in Bangalore, India. Established in 1906 at Mangalore by Ammembal Subba Rao Pai. The Bank was nationalized in 1969. Canara bank has offices in London, Dubai and New York also.
Bank Employees Federation of India (BEFI) is a bank trade union consisting of employees of commercial banks, Reserve Bank of India, NABARD, regional rural banks and co-operative banks. The federation espouses the causes concerning service conditions of bank employees, development of the banking industry, defense of public sector banking in India and exemplary service to customers, including the marginal and neglected. It is focused for the betterment of the working class and for India's economic and political independence.
The Ministry of Finance is a ministry within the Government of India concerned with the economy of India, serving as the Treasury of India. In particular, it concerns itself with taxation, financial legislation, financial institutions, capital markets, centre and state finances, and the Union Budget.
Oriental Bank of Commerce (OBC) was an Indian public sector bank headquartered at Gurgaon, Haryana. It had 2390 branches and 2625 ATMs across India. In April 2020, the bank along with United Bank of India was merged with Punjab National Bank, making the latter the second-largest public sector bank in India.
The Indian Banks' Association (IBA), formed on, is an unregistered, voluntary association of like-minded banks and individuals in India —an representative body of Indian banks and financial institutions based in Mumbai. With an initial membership of 22 banks in India in 1946, IBA currently represents 247 banking companies operating in India. IBA was formed for the development, coordination, and strengthening of Indian banking and to assist the member banks in various ways, including the implementation of new systems and the adoption of standards among the members.
Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) are government owned scheduled commercial banks of India that operate at regional level in different states of India. These banks are under the ownership of Ministry of Finance, Government of India, Sponsered Bank and concerned State Government in the ratio of 50:35:15 respectively. They were created to serve rural areas with basic banking and financial services. However, RRBs also have urban branches.
Andhra Pragathi Grameena Bank is a Regional Rural Bank in India. It was established in 2006 as a Scheduled Commercial Bank as per Regional Rural Banks Act of 1976 to provide banking facilities in Ananthapuram, Kadapa, Kurnool, Nellore and Prakasam districts of Andhra Pradesh. It is under the ownership of Ministry of Finance, Government of India
Uttar Bihar Gramin Bank is a regional rural bank (RRB) in the State of Bihar, India. It is under the ownership of Ministry of Finance, Government of India. It is one of the largest regional rural banks in India in terms of branch network, staff strength and area of operation.
Andhra Pradesh Grameena Vikas Bank is an Indian Regional Rural Bank headquartered in Warangal, India. It was established in 2006 as a Regional Rural Bank as per Regional Rural Banks Act of 1976. By amalgamation, on 31 March 2006, of the following 5 banks, sponsored by SBI, to participate more energetically, with synergy, in the upliftment and development of Rural Farm Sector and Rural Non-Farm Sector, with emphasis on the deprived, the Rural Poor, Rural ISB and Rural Crafts. It is under the ownership of Ministry of Finance, Government of India.
Public Sector Undertakings (PSU) or Public Sector Enterprises (PSE) in India are government-owned enterprises in which 51 percent or more share capital is held by the Government of India or state governments or Joint venture between multiple Public Sector Enterprises. Depending on the level of government ownership, they can be broadly categorised as Central PSUs or State PSUs. These entities include government companies, statutory corporations, banking institutions, and departmentally run companies. PSUs are officially classified into three categories, which are Central Public Sector Enterprises (CPSE) and Public Sector Banks (PSB) owned by the central government or other CPSEs/PSBs, and State Level Public Enterprises (SLPE) owned by state governments or other SLPEs. CPSE is further classified into Strategic Sector and Non-Strategic Sector. Depending on their financial performance and progress, CPSEs are granted the status of Maharatna, Navaratna, and Miniratna.
Kaveri Grameena Bank was a Regional Rural Bank established under Regional Rural Banks' Act 1976, was a Scheduled Bank jointly owned by Government of India, State Bank of India and Government of Karnataka, permitted to carry all kinds of banking business. The Bank was operating in 22 Districts of South Karnataka, having its Head Office at Bellary City with Nine Regional Offices at Mysuru, Mandya, Bengaluru, Tumakuru, Hassan, Chamarajanagar, Madikeri, Chikmagulur and Ramanagara etc.
Rakesh Sharma is the Managing Director & Chief Executive Officer of IDBI Bank. He is one of the first two private bankers to lead a state-run bank. Previously, Sharma was the MD and CEO of Lakshmi Vilas Bank and Canara Bank. He has also held several key positions at State Bank of India during his 33-year tenure with the lender. He is a seasoned banker with over three decades of experience primarily in retail and wholesale banking, corporate credit, asset liability management, loan syndication, industrial relations and human resources.
Krishna Grameena Bank was an Indian Regional Rural Bank (RRB) established under 1976 Act for Regional Rural Banks. It was merged into Pragathi Krishna Gramin Bank in august 2013 which would later be merged into Karnataka Gramin Bank.
