Alleyton, Texas | |
|---|---|
  Alleyton  Alleyton | |
| Coordinates: 29°42′23″N96°29′11″W / 29.70639°N 96.48639°W | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Texas |
| County | Colorado |
| Elevation | 188 ft (57 m) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (Central (CST)) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| ZIP code | 78935 |
| Area code | 979 |
Alleyton is an unincorporated community in central Colorado County, in the U.S. state of Texas. According to the Handbook of Texas, the community had a population of 165 in 2000.
Once the location of an ancient Indian camp, Rawson Alley established the community in 1821. His brothers Abraham, John C., Thomas V., and William A. Alley, Jr. followed in 1822. William gave land for the right-of-way and the construction of stores, a roundhouse, a station, and loading facilities in 1859. He also arranged for the Buffalo Bayou, Brazos, and Colorado Railway to be extended to his property. After the town was surveyed, all of the city lots—apart from one set aside for William Alley's residence—were put up for public auction. The railroad and William Alley split the earnings of the deal evenly. When the railroad to Alleyton was finished in 1860, the town became the endpoint of the state's southernmost railroad. Alleyton became Colorado County's biggest and busiest town. In 1860, a post office was opened there. Alleyton marked the start of the "cotton road," which allowed cotton to be transported by wagon train from Texas to Mexico during the Civil War, avoiding the Union blockade of Texas ports. Military and civilian supplies were transported back by wagon trains, and they were subsequently railroaded to the other Confederate states. The Colorado River was crossed following the war, and the railroad was extended to Columbus, the county seat, and other western locations. Although Alleyton's significance as a rail hub decreased, it remained significant as the hub for supplies in a densely populated agricultural region. The village had two churches, five general stores, a drugstore, a saloon, and 200 residents as of 1890. The population was estimated to be 320 in 1896, but by 1914 it had decreased. Even until the 1940s, it stayed at 200. During the first part of the 20th century, Alleyton's main agricultural products were cotton, with minor emphasis on rice, corn, and pecans. Large-scale strip mining activities along the river that removed gravel caused the construction of numerous lakes that are famous fishing spots in the area as well as the destruction of some productive farming and grazing land. During the 1950s, Alleyton's population had dropped to about 125 due to the growing usage of synthetic clothing during the post-World War II era and more government regulation of cotton production. The town had 65 residents in 1986. There were six companies in the area, including an auto salvage yard, a welding and well-drilling service, and a few entertainment venues. Its population was recorded as 165 in 2000. [1]
Alleyton is located on the east bank of the Colorado River and Farm to Market Road 102 between Interstate 10 and the Southern Pacific Railroad's main line, 3 miles (5 km) east of Columbus in central Colorado County. [1] It used to be on Texas State Highway 73. [2]
Alleyton had its own school in 1890. [1] Today, Alleyton is served by the Columbus Independent School District.
Paris is a city and county seat of Lamar County, Texas, United States. Located in Northeast Texas at the western edge of the Piney Woods, the population of the city was 24,171 in 2020.
Benson is a city in Cochise County, Arizona, United States. As of the 2010 census, the population of the city was 5,105. It was founded as a rail terminal for the area, and located approximately 45 miles (72 km) east-southeast of the city of Tucson.
Holbrook is a city in Navajo County, Arizona, United States. According to the 2010 census, the population of the city was 5,053. The city is the county seat of Navajo County.
Phelps Dodge Corporation was an American mining company founded in 1834 as an import-export firm by Anson Greene Phelps and his two sons-in-law William Earle Dodge, Sr. and Daniel James. The latter two ran Phelps, James & Co., the part of the organization based in Liverpool, England. The import-export firm at first exported United States cotton from the Deep South to England and imported various metals to the US needed for industrialization. With the expansion of the Western frontier in North America, the corporation acquired mines and mining companies, including the Copper Queen Mine in Cochise County, Arizona and the Dawson, New Mexico coal mines. It operated its own mines and acquired railroads to carry its products. By the late 19th century, it was known as a mining company.
The Buffalo Bayou, Brazos, and Colorado Railway, also called the Harrisburg Road or Harrisburg Railroad, was the first operating railroad in Texas. It completed its first segment of track between Harrisburg, Texas and Stafford's Point, Texas in 1853. The company established a western terminus at Alleyton, Texas prior to the Civil War. The railroad was sold after the war and reincorporated as the Galveston, Harrisburg, & San Antonio Railroad. This right of way was acquired by the Southern Pacific Railroad and is today a property of the Union Pacific Railroad.
The Bisbee Deportation was the illegal kidnapping and deportation of about 1,300 striking mine workers, their supporters, and citizen bystanders by 2,000 members of a deputized posse, who arrested them beginning on July 12, 1917, in Bisbee, Arizona. The action was orchestrated by Phelps Dodge, the major mining company in the area, which provided lists of workers and others who were to be arrested to the Cochise County sheriff, Harry C. Wheeler. Those arrested were taken to a local baseball park before being loaded onto cattle cars and deported 200 miles (320 km) to Tres Hermanas in New Mexico. The 16-hour journey was through desert without food and with little water. Once unloaded, the deportees, most without money or transportation, were warned against returning to Bisbee. The US government soon brought in members of the US Army to assist with relocating the deportees to Columbus, New Mexico.
Frelsburg is an unincorporated community in Colorado County, Texas, United States. It lies at the intersection of Farm to Market Road 109 and Farm to Market Road 1291. The community was founded around 1837 by immigrants from Germany. It is home to one of the oldest surviving general stores in Texas. Continuously operated since 1865 and owned by the Heinsohn family since 1920, the store is called Heinsohn's Country Store.
Joseph Jefferson Mansfield was a member of the United States House of Representatives from the U.S. state of Texas from 1917 to 1947.
Harry Cornwall Wheeler was an Arizona lawman who was the third captain of the Arizona Rangers, as well as the sheriff of Cochise County, serving from 1912 into 1918. He is known as the lead figure in the illegal mass kidnapping and deportation of some 1200 miners and family members, many of them immigrants, from Bisbee, Arizona to New Mexico in 1917. Beginning on July 12, 1917, he took total control of the town of Bisbee, controlling access and running kangaroo courts that deported numerous people.
The El Paso and Southwestern Railroad began in 1888 as the Arizona and South Eastern Railroad, a short line serving copper mines in southern Arizona. Over the next few decades, it grew into a 1200-mile system that stretched from Tucumcari, New Mexico, southward to El Paso, Texas, and westward to Tucson, Arizona, with several branch lines, including one to Nacozari, Mexico. The railroad was bought by the Southern Pacific Railroad in 1924 and fully merged into its parent company in 1955. The EP&SW was a major link in the transcontinental route of the Golden State Limited.
Sweet Home is an unincorporated community in Lavaca County, Texas, United States. According to the Handbook of Texas, the community had an estimated population of 360 in 2000.
The Bisbee massacre occurred in Bisbee, Arizona, on December 8, 1883, when six outlaws who were part of the Cochise County Cowboys robbed a general store. Believing the general store's safe contained a mining payroll of $7,000, they timed the robbery incorrectly and were only able to steal between $800 and $3,000, along with a gold watch and jewelry. During the robbery, members of the gang killed five people, including a lawman and a pregnant woman. Six men were convicted of the robbery and murders. John Heath, who was accused of organizing the robbery, was tried separately and sentenced to life in prison. The other five men were convicted of murder and sentenced to hang.
Farm to Market Road 102 (FM 102) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Texas. The highway begins at State Highway 60 (SH 60) in Wharton in Wharton County. It heads northwest through Eagle Lake in Colorado County and ends at Interstate 10 (I-10) near Alleyton, which is just east of Columbus in Colorado County.
Osage is a ghost town in northwestern Colorado County in the U.S. state of Texas. The one-time settlement was situated on Harvey Creek near the junction of County Roads 205 and 208 a few miles to the northeast of Weimar. At the time of the Civil War, the community was substantial enough to provide a company of soldiers to a Texas regiment in the Confederate States Army. A notable school flourished in Osage starting in the 1870s, but in that decade the railroad was built through Weimar instead. By 1900, the local commercial establishments had moved to Weimar and the town faded out of existence. In 2013, the area was sparsely settled.
Mentz is an unincorporated community in northeastern Colorado County, in the U.S. state of Texas. It is situated northeast of Columbus on the north side of Interstate 10 (I-10). The town was first established in 1846 by German immigrants from near Mainz, Germany. The small community was still served by a Catholic church in 2016.
Chilton Jennings was lynched on July 24, 1919, after being accused of attacking a white woman, Mrs. Virgie Haggard in Gilmer, Texas.
African Americans Irving "Ervie" Arthur (1903–1920) and his brother Herman Arthur (1892–1920), a World War I veteran, were lynched—burned alive—at the Lamar County Fairgrounds in Paris, Texas, on July 6, 1920. The event extended and amplified regional and national flashpoints for justice. It happened just a year after the racial violence of 1919's Red Summer. The family was attacked by some of the town's white population and were forced to flee to the north, mostly settling in Chicago. This and other attacks on Black Americans encouraged civil rights groups to fight against lynchings in America. Media outlets reported on the 100-year-old anniversary but the memorial events were scaled down due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Mr. Norman was an African-American man who was lynched in Texarkana, Miller County, Arkansas by masked men on February 11, 1922. According to the 1926 report of the United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary, this was the 12th of 61 lynchings during 1922 in the United States.
The Bisbee Historic District is a historic district located in Bisbee, Arizona, and has all the essential features of a prosperous, early twentieth century mining town. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. The district has 80 contributing buildings, with various architectural styles including Colonial Revival, Mission Revival/Spanish Revival, and Italianate architecture.
Municipalities and communities of Colorado County, Texas, United States | ||
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| Cities |  | |
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| Other communities | ||
| Ghost towns | ||