The Asiatic salamanders are primitive salamanders found all over Asia, and in European Russia. They are closely related to the giant salamanders, with which they form the suborder Cryptobranchoidea. About half of hynobiids currently described are endemic to Japan.
The Jefferson salamander is a mole salamander native to the northeastern United States, southern and central Ontario, and southwestern Quebec. It was named after Jefferson College in Pennsylvania.
Karl Patterson Schmidt was an American herpetologist.
Bufo tuberculatus, commonly known as the Qinghai Lake toad or round-warted toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to southwestern China: western Sichuan, very northern Yunnan, Qinghai, and the eastern tip of Tibet. It has been treated as a synonym of Bufo tibetanus but is now considered a valid species.
Batrachuperus is a genus of salamander in the family Hynobiidae found in western China and adjacent Myanmar. Their common name is stream salamanders or mountain salamanders. Species now in Paradactylodon were formerly part of the then paraphyletic Batrachuperus.
The Chiala mountain salamander is a species of salamander in the family Hynobiidae endemic to China and known from northwestern Sichuan, northeastern Tibet, and southeastern Gansu. Its validity as a species distinct from Batrachuperus tibetanus has been controversial. It is named after Karl Patterson Schmidt, American herpetologist.
The Longdong stream salamander is a species of salamander in the family Hynobiidae endemic to Sichuan, China, where it is found in the Longdong River on Mount Emei. Its natural habitats are rivers and freshwater springs. It is threatened by habitat loss.
The Persian brook salamander or Persian mountain salamander is an endemic amphibian species of salamander in the family Hynobiidae found in Iran and possibly Azerbaijan.
The Yenyuan stream salamander is a species of salamander in the family Hynobiidae endemic to Sichuan, China, where it occurs in Yanyuan, Xichang, Mianning, and Puxiong counties. Its natural habitats are rivers, freshwater lakes, and freshwater marshes. It is a high-altitude salamander, typically inhabiting the waterways along the eastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau at altitudes 2440 to 4025 meters above sea level. Adults eat a diet consisting mainly of insects and shrimp, and to a lesser degree, algae and seeds. It is threatened by habitat loss.
The Chinese salamander is a species of salamander in the family Hynobiidae endemic to China. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, rivers, freshwater marshes, freshwater springs, and arable land. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Hynobius formosanus, the Taiwan salamander, is a species of salamander in the family Hynobiidae, endemic to Taiwan, where it occurs in the high mountains at around 2,100 m (6,900 ft). Its natural habitats are from open alpine habitats to shaded moist evergreen forests. Adults have a total length of 58–98 mm (2.3–3.9 in).
Hynobius sonani, the Taichū salamander, is a species of salamander in the family Hynobiidae, endemic to Taiwan, where it occurs in the Central Mountain Range above 2,750 m (9,020 ft). Its natural habitats are from open alpine habitats to shaded moist evergreen forests; it breeds in streams.
Hynobius yiwuensis, the Yiwu salamander, is a species of salamander in the family Hynobiidae, endemic to Zhejiang, China. Its distribution area is central and eastern Zhejiang, and includes Yiwu that has given it its name. Its natural habitats are subtropical moist lowland forests, rivers, freshwater marshes, intermittent freshwater marshes, arable land, and rural gardens. The Yiwu salamander is threatened by habitat loss.
Pachyhynobius shangchengensis, the Shangcheng stout salamander, is a species of salamander in the family Hynobiidae. It is monotypic within the genus Pachyhynobius. It is named after its type locality, Shangcheng. It is endemic to the Dabie Mountains in central China. Its natural habitats are subtropical moist lowland forests, montane forests, and rivers. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Ranodon is a monotypic genus of salamanders in the family Hynobiidae. It currently contains only one species, the Central Asian salamander. The species lives in streams and has reduced lungs. It was previously assumed the fertilization was the opposite of that other salamanders with external fertilization, with the male first depositing a large mass of sperm, which the female then placed her eggs on. But this appears to have been an error, and that the male fertilize the eggs only after the female has laid them.
Liua shihi, the Wushan salamander, is a species of salamander in the family Hynobiidae, and is endemic to China. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, rivers, and freshwater marshes. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Liua tsinpaensis, the Tsinpa salamander, is a species of salamander in the family Hynobiidae. It is synonymous with Ranodon tsinpaensis and is endemic to China. It occurs in southern Shaanxi and in Wanyuan, northeastern Sichuan. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests and rivers. It is threatened by habitat loss.
The Xingan salamander is a species of salamander in the family Hynobiidae, endemic to China: it is only known from its type locality, Mao'ershan in the Xing'an County, Guangxi. Its natural habitats are marshes and the surrounding forests. It is threatened by habitat loss and, living close to the summit of Mao'ershan at around 2,000 m (6,600 ft) asl, by climate change. It occurs within the Mao'ershan National Nature Reserve.
The Kuankuoshui salamander is a species of salamander in the family Hynobiidae endemic to China and only know from its type locality, Puchang-Kuankuoshui Nature Reserve (蒲昌宽阔水) in Suiyang County, Guizhou Province. Its natural habitats are temperate forests, streams, and pools. It is threatened by habitat loss. The Kuankuoshui salamander is a relative large salamander, about 20 cm (7.9 in) in total length.
