| Alsodes | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Alsodes verrucosus from Volcan Calbuco in southern Chile | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Anura |
| Family: | Alsodidae |
| Genus: | Alsodes Bell, 1843 |
| Type species | |
| Alsodes monticola Bell, 1843 | |
| Species | |
19, see text. | |
Alsodes is a genus of alsodid frogs found in Chile and Argentina. [1] It is the most species-rich frog genus in Patagonia. [2] Common name spiny-chest frogs has been coined for them. [3]
Characteristic for this genus is that during the reproductive season, adult males have thorny structures on the fingers and rounded spiny patches on the chest. [4] Breeding takes place in high-elevation streams, and tadpoles have slow development, including overwintering under ice cover. [5]
There are 19 species in the genus: [1] [6]
Telmatobius is a genus of frogs native to the Andean highlands in South America, where they are found in Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, northwestern Argentina and northern Chile. It is the only genus in the family Telmatobiidae. Some sources recognize Batrachophrynus as a valid genus distinct from Telmatobius.
Eupsophus is a genus of frogs in the family Alsodidae. They are sometimes known as ground frogs. The genus is endemic to Patagonia. Eupsophus is the second most species-rich frog genera of Patagonia. These frogs are restricted to forested areas at southern latitudes.
Alsodes australis is a species of frog in the family Alsodidae found in western Argentina and eastern Chile from 46°25′S to 42°25′N. Its natural habitat is cold mountain streams of austral temperate Nothofagus forest. A potential threat to this species are introduced predatory salmonid fishes, but so far little is known about its population status.
Alsodes barrioi, the Cabreria spiny-chest frog, is a species of frog in the Alsodidae, endemic to Chile; it is only known from its type locality in the Cordillera de Nahuelbuta, Malleco Province. The specific name barrioi honors Avelino Barrio, a Spanish botanist and zoologist who lived in Argentina.
Alsodes gargola, with the common name Tonchek spiny-chest frog, is a species of frog in the family Alsodidae. It is endemic to Argentina, where it occurs in northern Patagonia.
Alsodes hugoi is a species of frogs in the family Alsodidae. It is endemic to Chile and only known from its type locality, Río Lircay, in Alto de Vilches, Talca Province, on the western slopes of the Andes. The specific name hugoi honors Professor Hugo Campos Cereceda, for his "remarkable contributions to the development of the natural sciences in Chile".
Alsodes igneus is a species of frogs in the family Alsodidae endemic to Chile; it is only known from its type locality, Tolhuaca National Park, Malleco Province, on the western slopes of the Andes. The specific name igneus, meaning "something that is of fire", was chosen to symbolize the survival of the population from a great forest fire that affected the type locality in 2000.
Alsodes kaweshkari is a species of frog in the family Alsodidae. This rare species is endemic to southern Chile where it is known from two specimens, the holotype that was collected from Puerto Edén, and one paratype from Seno Huemules on the mainland.
Alsodes monticola is a species of frog in the family Alsodidae. It is found in southern Chile and western Santa Cruz Province, Argentina, though its presence in Argentina is disputed. Its habitat preferences are not known, but the region of the type locality has tundra and islands of Nothofagus forest.
Alsodes nodosus is a species of frog in the family Alsodidae endemic to central Chile; records from Argentina are not considered valid.
Alsodes pehuenche is a species of frog in the family Alsodidae. It is endemic to Pehuenche Valley in the Andes of southern Mendoza Province, Argentina, and the adjacent Chile. At the time of the assessment by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) in 2012, the species was known from six streams in an area encompassing some 9 km². A study published in 2013 extended the known range a few kilometers west and included another Chilean stream.
Alsodes valdiviensis is a species of frogs in the family Alsodidae. It is endemic to Chile and only known from its type locality, Cerro Mirador in the Cordillera Pelada, Valdivia Province. The specific name refers to this province.
Alsodes vanzolinii is a species of frog in the family Alsodidae.
Alsodes verrucosus is a species of frog in the family Alsodidae. It is found in the Andes of Chile and Neuquén and Río Negro Provinces, Argentina. These frogs inhabit temperate Nothofagus forest where they occur under logs and near damp areas. Tadpoles develop in cold, deep streams. It is threatened by habitat loss caused by logging.
Eupsophus calcaratus is a species of frog in the family Alsodidae. It is endemic to Patagonia. It has one of the broadest distributions of any Chilean frog.
Eupsophus contulmoensis is a species of frog in the family Alsodidae. It is endemic to Chile. Its natural habitats are temperate forest and intermittent freshwater marshes. It is threatened by habitat loss and rainforest deforestation.
Eupsophus emiliopugini is a species of frog in the family Alsodidae. It is found in the temperate Nothofagus forests of Chile between 40°50'S and 45°20'S, and in the Lago Puelo National Park, Chubut Province, Argentina. The specific name emiliopugini honors Professor Emilio Pugín, for "his contribution to knowledge of the reproductive biology and development of the Chilean frogs". Common name Emilio's ground frog has been coined for the species.
Eupsophus migueli is a species of frog in the family Alsodidae. It is endemic to Chile. Its natural habitats are temperate forest and intermittent freshwater marshes. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Alsodes norae is a species of frog in the family Alsodidae endemic to the Chilean Coast Range in the Valdivia Province, Chile. It is only known from the type series collected from a temperate Nothofagus forest. The threats are not formally known but it may be ongoing deforestation, however, the species may be protected by Oncol Park.
The Alsodidae are a small family of frogs from South America between Patagonia and southern Brazil. It contains 30 species in three genera. This family, along with several other families, used to be included in the family Leptodactylidae. It was then a subfamily in the family Cycloramphidae, before being recognized as a family first in 2011.