Amandinea | |
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Amandinea punctata | |
Scientific classification ![]() | |
Kingdom: | Fungi |
Division: | Ascomycota |
Class: | Lecanoromycetes |
Order: | Caliciales |
Family: | Caliciaceae |
Genus: | Amandinea M.Choisy ex Scheid. & H.Mayrhofer (1993) |
Type species | |
Amandinea coniops (Wahlenb.) M.Choisy ex Scheid. & H.Mayrhofer (1993) | |
Synonyms | |
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Amandinea is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Caliciaceae. [1] Genetic studies indicates that the genus Amandinea and Buellia are the same, [2] although this is not widely accepted. [3]
The genus was originally circumscribed by Maurice Choisy in 1950, with Amandinea coniops assigned as the type species. [4] However, the name was published invalidly because it was not accompanied by a Latin description or diagnosis, a requirement of the nomenclatural rules of the time. [5] Christoph Scheidegger and Helmut Mayrhofer published the genus name validly in 1993. [6] The generic name honours French Madame Amandine Manière, an acquaintance of Choisy. [7]
Amandinea species have a crustose thallus ranging from cracked (rimose) to slightly blistered (bullate). The internal white layer (medulla) is iodine-negative (I−), meaning it does not turn blue in the standard iodine test and is therefore non-amyloid. The photosynthetic partner is a chlorococcoid green alga, i.e. with small, spherical cells. Sexual fruiting bodies are apothecia with either a lecanorine margin (rim made of thallus tissue) or a lecideine margin (dark, non-thalline rim). These apothecia may be partly sunk into the thallus ( immersed ) or sit on top of it ( sessile ), with either a broad or narrowed base; the discs are typically black or nearly so. The tissue beneath the spore layer ( hypothecium ) is pale to dark brown, sometimes with olive tones. [8]
Inside the apothecia, the hamathecium is made of paraphyses—microscopic, partitioned threads that run between the spore sacs. These are unbranched or branch only near the tip; the tips are swollen and pigmented, and many bear a dark brown cap. The asci (spore sacs) are club-shaped and of the Lecanora -type; they usually contain eight spores, though four or more than eight may occur. The ascospores are brown and 1-septate (with a single internal cross-wall), sometimes showing a thicker median wall; their surfaces are often finely wrinkled ( rugose ), a feature that generally requires electron microscopy to see reliably. Asexual reproduction is common via pycnidia (tiny flask-like structures) that produce curved, thread-like conidia up to about 30 μm long. Chemical tests rarely detect secondary metabolites in this genus (norstictic acid is uncommon but occurs in a few species), while most species show no substances detectable by thin-layer chromatography. [8]
As of November 2023 [update] , Species Fungorum (in the Catalogue of Life) accepts 94 species of Amandinea. [9]