Andreas Wallraff

Last updated
Andreas Wallraff
Nationality German
Alma mater
Known forWork on superconducting quantum computing. [1] Work with hybrid quantum systems involving Rydberg atoms and semiconductor quantum dots. [2] [3]
Awards Nicholas Kurti Science Prize for Europe (2006) [4] ETH Zurich Rössler Prize (2011) [5]
Scientific career
Fields Quantum information science, Superconducting quantum computing
Institutions Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich
Theses
Doctoral advisor Alexey V. Ustinov
Website https://www.qudev.ethz.ch/

Andreas Wallraff is a German physicist who conducts research in quantum information processing and quantum optics. He has taught as a professor at ETH Zurich in Zurich, Switzerland since 2006. [6] He worked as a research scientist with Robert J. Schoelkopf at Yale University from 2002 to 2005, during which time he performed experiments in which the coherent interaction of a single photon with a single quantum electronic circuit was observed for the first time. [7] His current work at ETH Zurich focuses on hybrid quantum systems combining superconducting electronic circuits with semiconductor quantum dots and individual Rydberg atoms as well as quantum error correction with superconducting qubits. [8]

Contents

He has contributed primarily to the field of quantum information science, particularly in superconducting quantum computing and hybrid quantum systems. [9]

Education and earlier work

Andreas Wallraff obtained his undergraduate degrees in physics from Imperial College London and RWTH Aachen University and conducted research on soliton dynamics in stacked Josephson tunnel junctions for his master's degree at the Forschungszentrum Jülich and RWTH Aachen, which he earned in 1997. [6] [10] [11] During his doctoral research on soliton and vortex dynamics in superconductors at the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, he observed for the first time the tunneling and energy level quantization of an individual quantum vortex for which he obtained a PhD degree in physics in 2000. [12]

Following his doctoral research, Wallraff continued to work as a research scientist and later as an assistant professor at the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg. [11] In 2002, he left Europe to work as a postdoctoral researcher with Robert J. Schoelkopf within the Department of Applied Physics at Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut. [11] During this time, he was an author on papers regarding the coupling of superconducting qubits via a cavity bus and the coherent interaction of a single photon to a Cooper-pair box, among others. [7] [13] [14] In 2004 he was appointed as an associate research scientist in the Department of Applied Physics at Yale and in June 2005 he was elected as a tenure-track assistant professor at ETH Zurich. [11] Following the professorship appointment, he departed from Yale and started the Quantum Device Lab at ETH Zurich in January 2006. [9] In 2011, he was chosen from among 380 ETH Zurich professors to be awarded the Max Rössler Prize for his research activities. [9] In 2012, he worked as a visiting professor at the Kastler-Brossel Laboratory within the École Normale Supérieure in Paris, France. [6]

Research topics

Wallraff has in recent years been studying a variety of topics related to quantum information science. Among them include interactions between distant artificial atoms, [15] quantum many-body systems, [16] digital quantum simulation, [17] quantum nonlocality, [18] the implementation of the Toffoli gate in quantum computation, [19] deterministic quantum teleportation, [20] [21] and the Hong-Ou-Mandel effect. [22]

A chip with four superconducting transmon qubits made by Andreas Wallraff and colleagues. Two of the qubits were used in the experiment which led to the publication of "Digital Quantum Simulation of Spin Models with Circuit Quantum Electrodynamics" in Physical Review X in June 2015. 4 Qubit Chip, 10.1103.PhysRevX.5.021027 (A. Wallraff, 2015).png
A chip with four superconducting transmon qubits made by Andreas Wallraff and colleagues. Two of the qubits were used in the experiment which led to the publication of "Digital Quantum Simulation of Spin Models with Circuit Quantum Electrodynamics" in Physical Review X in June 2015.

In general, his research is primarily focused on investigating circuit QED (cQED) systems and their applications in superconducting quantum computing. [23] These include implementing quantum gates, identifying and eliminating sources of quantum decoherence to extend qubit lifetimes, and creating solid-state architectures in which quantum error correction is possible. [24] In addition, he conducts research into "hybrid quantum systems"; cQED systems interacting with Rydberg atoms and semiconductor quantum dots to combine "the long coherence times available in microscopic quantum systems with the strong interactions and integration available in solid state systems... [to allow] for strong interactions with control fields and thus fast manipulation of the quantum state of a system." [25] His research has been honoured with multiple awards, such as the ETH Zurich's Rössler-Prize in 2013 [26] and the Helmholtz International Fellow Award in 2020 [27] .

"A gate-defined GaAs double quantum dot (DQD) and a frequency-tunable high impedance resonator realized using an array of superconducting quantum interference devices... [This] false-color optical micrograph of a representative device [indicates] the substrate (dark gray), the superconducting structures (light gray), the gold top gates (yellow) forming the DQD, and its source and drain leads and contacts (blue)." Double Quantum Dot, 10.1103.PhysRevX.7.011030 (A. Wallraff, 2017).png
"A gate-defined GaAs double quantum dot (DQD) and a frequency-tunable high impedance resonator realized using an array of superconducting quantum interference devices... [This] false-color optical micrograph of a representative device [indicates] the substrate (dark gray), the superconducting structures (light gray), the gold top gates (yellow) forming the DQD, and its source and drain leads and contacts (blue)."

Positions and speaking engagements

Since January 2006, Wallraff has held a professorship position at ETH Zurich where he is the head of the Quantum Device Lab within the Laboratory for Solid State Physics. [29] He has been awarded several grants, including two from the European Research Council (one in 2009 for hybrid cavity quantum electrodynamics and one in 2013 for superconducting quantum networks) [30] and holds positions as the President of the Strategy Commission for the Department of Physics and Deputy Head of the Laboratory for Solid State Physics at ETH Zurich. [31] [32] He is also a member of the Scientific Committee for the Swiss National Science Foundation National Center of Competence in Research (NCCR) in Quantum Science and Technology (QSIT), [33] a member of the Global Future Council for the Future of Computing at the World Economic Forum, [34] and an Associate Fellow of the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research. [35]

Wallraff has been an invited speaker at several talks and conferences, including at the inaugural celebration for the Center for Quantum Coherence Science at the University of California, Berkeley, [36] The Optical Society "Quantum Information and Measurement - Quantum Technologies" meeting at the Pierre and Marie Curie University, [37] the IWQD 2017 workshop at the National Institute of Informatics, [38] and the 635th WE Heraeus Seminar [39] in 2017. In 2016 he spoke at the Institute of Physics Silicon Quantum Information Processing meeting at Murray Edwards College, Cambridge, [40] the University of Science and Technology of China, [41] and the SCALEQIT International Conference at the Delft University of Technology. [42]

In previous years he also spoke at the University of Oxford, [43] the Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, [44] the Institute for Theoretical Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics (ITAMP) 2015 workshop at Harvard University, [45] and the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics at the University of California, Santa Barbara. [46]

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Timeline of quantum computing and communication</span>

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In logic circuits, the Toffoli gate, also known as the CCNOT gate (“controlled-controlled-not”), invented by Tommaso Toffoli, is a CNOT gate with two control qubits and one target qubit. That is, the target qubit will be inverted if the first and second qubits are both 1. It is a universal reversible logic gate, which means that any classical reversible circuit can be constructed from Toffoli gates.

A Bell test, also known as Bell inequality test or Bell experiment, is a real-world physics experiment designed to test the theory of quantum mechanics in relation to Albert Einstein's concept of local realism. Named for John Stewart Bell, the experiments test whether or not the real world satisfies local realism, which requires the presence of some additional local variables to explain the behavior of particles like photons and electrons. The test empirically evaluates the implications of Bell's theorem. As of 2015, all Bell tests have found that the hypothesis of local hidden variables is inconsistent with the way that physical systems behave.

Quantum error correction (QEC) is a set of techniques used in quantum computing to protect quantum information from errors due to decoherence and other quantum noise. Quantum error correction is theorised as essential to achieve fault tolerant quantum computing that can reduce the effects of noise on stored quantum information, faulty quantum gates, faulty quantum state preparation, and faulty measurements. Effective quantum error correction would allow quantum computers with low qubit fidelity to execute algorithms of higher complexity or greater circuit depth.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Charge qubit</span> Superconducting qubit implementation

In quantum computing, a charge qubit is a qubit whose basis states are charge states. In superconducting quantum computing, a charge qubit is formed by a tiny superconducting island coupled by a Josephson junction to a superconducting reservoir. The state of the qubit is determined by the number of Cooper pairs that have tunneled across the junction. In contrast with the charge state of an atomic or molecular ion, the charge states of such an "island" involve a macroscopic number of conduction electrons of the island. The quantum superposition of charge states can be achieved by tuning the gate voltage U that controls the chemical potential of the island. The charge qubit is typically read-out by electrostatically coupling the island to an extremely sensitive electrometer such as the radio-frequency single-electron transistor.

Superconducting quantum computing is a branch of solid state physics and quantum computing that implements superconducting electronic circuits using superconducting qubits as artificial atoms, or quantum dots. For superconducting qubits, the two logic states are the ground state and the excited state, denoted respectively. Research in superconducting quantum computing is conducted by companies such as Google, IBM, IMEC, BBN Technologies, Rigetti, and Intel. Many recently developed QPUs use superconducting architecture.

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Circuit quantum electrodynamics provides a means of studying the fundamental interaction between light and matter. As in the field of cavity quantum electrodynamics, a single photon within a single mode cavity coherently couples to a quantum object (atom). In contrast to cavity QED, the photon is stored in a one-dimensional on-chip resonator and the quantum object is no natural atom but an artificial one. These artificial atoms usually are mesoscopic devices which exhibit an atom-like energy spectrum. The field of circuit QED is a prominent example for quantum information processing and a promising candidate for future quantum computation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Transmon</span> Superconducting qubit implementation

In quantum computing, and more specifically in superconducting quantum computing, a transmon is a type of superconducting charge qubit designed to have reduced sensitivity to charge noise. The transmon was developed by Robert J. Schoelkopf, Michel Devoret, Steven M. Girvin, and their colleagues at Yale University in 2007. Its name is an abbreviation of the term transmission line shunted plasma oscillation qubit; one which consists of a Cooper-pair box "where the two superconductors are also [capacitively] shunted in order to decrease the sensitivity to charge noise, while maintaining a sufficient anharmonicity for selective qubit control".

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Coplanar waveguide</span> Type of planar transmission line

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Robert J. Schoelkopf</span> American physicist

Robert J. Schoelkopf III is an American physicist, most noted for his work on quantum computing as one of the inventors of superconducting qubits. Schoelkopf's main research areas are quantum transport, single-electron devices, and charge dynamics in nanostructures. His research utilizes quantum-effect and single-electron devices, both for fundamental physical studies and for applications. Techniques often include high-speed, high-sensitivity measurements performed on nanostructures at low temperatures. Schoelkopf serves as director of the Yale Center for Microelectronic Materials and Structures and as associate director of the Yale Institute for Nanoscience and Quantum Engineering. Since 2014, Schoelkopf is also the Director of the Yale Quantum Institute. He is Professor of Physics and Sterling Professor of Applied Physics at Yale University. The title of Sterling Professor is the highest honor bestowed upon Yale faculty.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Michel Devoret</span> French physicist at Yale University

Michel Devoret is a French physicist and F. W. Beinecke Professor of Applied Physics at Yale University. He also holds a position as the Director of the Applied Physics Nanofabrication Lab at Yale. He is known for his pioneering work on macroscopic quantum tunneling, and the single-electron pump as well as in groundbreaking contributions to initiating the fields of circuit quantum electrodynamics and quantronics.

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Yasunobu Nakamura (中村 泰信 Nakamura Yasunobu) is a Japanese physicist. He is a professor at the University of Tokyo's Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST) and the Principal Investigator of the Superconducting Quantum Electronics Research Group (SQERG) at the Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS) within RIKEN. He has contributed primarily to the area of quantum information science, particularly in superconducting quantum computing and hybrid quantum systems.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Irfan Siddiqi</span> American physicist

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jerry M. Chow</span> American physicist

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References

  1. ↑ A. Blais, R.- S. Huang, A. Wallraff, S. M. Girvin, and R. J. Schoelkopf, "Cavity quantum electrodynamics for superconducting electrical circuits: An architecture for quantum computation", Physical Review A 69, 062320 (2004), doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.69.062320
  2. ↑ S. D. Hogan, J. A. Agner, F. Merkt, T. Thiele, S. Filipp, and A. Wallraff, "Driving Rydberg-Rydberg Transitions from a Coplanar Microwave Waveguide", Physical Review Letters108, 063001 (2012), doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.063004
  3. ↑ T. Frey, P. J. Leek, M. Beck, A. Blais, T. Ihn, K. Ensslin, and A. Wallraff, "Dipole Coupling of a Double Quantum Dot to a Microwave Resonator", Physical Review Letters 108, 046807 (2012), doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.046807
  4. ↑ "The Nicholas Kurti Science Prize for Europe" . Retrieved 2017-06-03.
  5. ↑ "Rössler Prize" . Retrieved 2017-06-03.
  6. 1 2 3 "Quantum Device Lab". Archived from the original on 2016-05-19. Retrieved 2017-06-03.
  7. 1 2 A. Wallraff, D. I. Schuster, A. Blais, L. Frunzio, R.- S. Huang, J. Majer, S. Kumar, S. M. Girvin, and R. J. Schoelkopf, "Strong coupling of a single photon to a superconducting qubit using circuit quantum electrodynamics", Nature 431, 162-167 (2004), doi : 10.1038/nature02851
  8. ↑ "Quantum Device Lab Research Topics". Archived from the original on 2017-08-13. Retrieved 2017-06-19.
  9. 1 2 3 "Auf dem Weg zum Schweizer Supercomputer". Tages-Anzeiger. 2011-06-28. Retrieved 2017-06-03.
  10. ↑ "Fluxon Dynamics and Radiation Emission in Twofold Long Josephson Junction Stacks" (PDF). 1997-01-27. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-11-07. Retrieved 2017-06-15.
  11. 1 2 3 4 "Wallraff, Andreas, Prof. Dr" . Retrieved 2017-07-06.
  12. ↑ "Fluxon Dynamics in Annular Josephson Junctions: From Relativistic Strings to Quantum Particles" (PDF). 2000-07-18. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-07-20. Retrieved 2017-06-15.
  13. ↑ J. Majer, J. M. Chow, J. M. Gambetta, J. Koch, B. R. Johnson, J. A. Schreier, L. Frunzio, D. I. Schuster, A. A. Houck, A. Wallraff, A. Blais, M. H. Devoret, S. M. Girvin, and R. J. Schoelkopf, "Coupling superconducting qubits via a cavity bus", Nature449, 443-447 (2007), doi : 10.1038/nature06184
  14. ↑ "All Aboard the Quantum 'Bus'". 2007-09-27. Retrieved 2017-08-07.
  15. ↑ A. F. van Loo, A. Fedorov, K. Lalumière, B. C. Sanders, A. Blais, and Andreas Wallraff, "Photon-Mediated Interactions Between Distant Artificial Atoms", Science 342, 6165, 1494-96 (2013), doi : 10.1126/science.1244324
  16. ↑ C. Eichler, J. Mlynek, J. Butscher, P. Kurpiers, K. Hammerer, T. J. Osborne, and A. Wallraff, "Exploring Interacting Quantum Many-Body Systems by Experimentally Creating Continuous Matrix Product States in Superconducting Circuits", Physical Review X 5, 041044 (2015), doi : 10.1103/PhysRevX.5.041044
  17. ↑ Y. Salathé, M. Mondal, M. Oppliger, J. Heinsoo, P. Kurpiers, A. Potočnik, A. Mezzacapo, U. Las Heras, L. Lamata, E. Solano, S. Filipp, and A. Wallraff, "Digital Quantum Simulation of Spin Models with Circuit Quantum Electrodynamics", Physical Review X5, 021027 (2015), doi : 10.1103/PhysRevX.5.021027
  18. ↑ M. Jerger, Y. Reshitnyk, M. Oppliger, A. Potočnik, M. Mondal, A. Wallraff, K. Goodenough, S. Wehner, K. Juliusson, N. K. Langford, and A. Fedorov, "Contextuality without nonlocality in a superconducting quantum system", Nature Communications 7, 12390 (2016), doi : 10.1038/ncomms12930
  19. ↑ A. Fedorov, L. Steffen, M. Baur, M. P. da Silva, and A. Wallraff, "Implementation of a Toffoli gate with superconducting circuits", Nature481, 170-172 (2012), doi : 10.1038/nature10713
  20. ↑ L. Steffen, Y. Salathe, M. Oppliger, P. Kurpiers, M. Baur, C. Lang, C. Eichler, G. Puebla-Hellmann, A. Fedorov and A. Wallraff, "Deterministic quantum teleportation with feed-forward in a solid state system", Nature500, 319-322 (2013), doi : 10.1038/nature12422
  21. ↑ "Teleportation: Behind the Science of Quantum Computing". 2013-08-14. Archived from the original on August 15, 2013. Retrieved 2017-07-06.
  22. ↑ C. Lang, C. Eichler, L. Steffen, J. M. Fink, M. J. Woolley, A. Blais, and A. Wallraff, "Correlations, indistinguishability and entanglement in Hong–Ou–Mandel experiments at microwave frequencies", Nature Physics 9, 345-348 (2013), doi : 10.1038/nphys2612
  23. ↑ "Research Topics". Archived from the original on 2017-08-13. Retrieved 2017-06-22.
  24. ↑ "Quantum Information Processing" . Retrieved 2017-06-22.
  25. ↑ "Hybrid Quantum Systems". Archived from the original on 2017-08-13. Retrieved 2017-06-22.
  26. ↑ "Rössler Prize • ETH Zürich Foundation". ETH Zürich Foundation. Retrieved 2024-11-01.
  27. ↑ "Andreas Wallraff receives Helmholtz International Fellow Award 2020". ETH Zurich. 2020-11-13. Retrieved 2024-11-01.
  28. ↑ A. Stockklauser, P. Scarlino, J. V. Koski, S. Gasparinetti, C. K. Andersen, C. Reichl, W. Wegscheider, T. Ihn, K. Ensslin, and A. Wallraff, "Strong Coupling Cavity QED with Gate-Defined Double Quantum Dots Enabled by a High Impedance Resonator", Physical Review X7, 011030 (2017), doi : 10.1103/PhysRevX.7.011030
  29. ↑ "Wallraff, Andreas, Prof. Dr" . Retrieved 2017-06-03.
  30. ↑ "ERC Funded Projects" . Retrieved 2017-06-03.
  31. ↑ "Department Management and Administration" . Retrieved 2017-06-03.
  32. ↑ "Andreas Wallraff" . Retrieved 2017-06-03.
  33. ↑ "National Centres of Competence in Research" (PDF). p. 52. Retrieved 2017-06-03.
  34. ↑ "The Future of Computing" . Retrieved 2017-06-03.
  35. ↑ "CIFAR". Archived from the original on 2016-08-17. Retrieved 2017-06-03.
  36. ↑ "Center for Quantum Coherent Science". 2017-01-09. Archived from the original on 2017-08-26. Retrieved 2017-06-03.
  37. ↑ "OSA Quantum Information and Measurement" . Retrieved 2017-06-20.
  38. ↑ "IWQD 2017" . Retrieved 2017-06-20.
  39. ↑ "IBM 635th WE-Heraeus Seminar". 2017-01-31. Retrieved 2017-06-03.
  40. ↑ "IOP Silicon Quantum Information Processing 2016". 2017-01-31. Retrieved 2017-06-03.
  41. ↑ "The International Conference on Quantum Foundation and Technology" (PDF). 2016-11-16. Retrieved 2017-06-03.[ permanent dead link ]
  42. ↑ "Delft SCALEQIT 2016" (PDF). Retrieved 2017-06-20.
  43. ↑ "QISW 2012 Workshop Program". 2012-03-30. Retrieved 2017-06-03.
  44. ↑ "MPL Distinguished Lecturer Series". 2014-05-08. Retrieved 2017-06-03.
  45. ↑ "Light Matter Interactions in Low Dimensions". 2015-06-29. Retrieved 2017-06-03.
  46. ↑ "Non-equilibrium Dynamics of Strongly Interacting Photons". 2015-10-07. Retrieved 2017-06-03.
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