| Andrena helvola | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Andrena helvola male Denmark | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| Family: | Andrenidae |
| Subfamily: | Andreninae |
| Genus: | Andrena |
| Species: | A. helvola |
| Binomial name | |
| Andrena helvola (Linnaeus, 1758) | |
| Synonyms [1] | |
| |
Andrena helvola , the coppice mining bee, [2] is a Palearctic species of mining bee from the genus Andrena . [1]
Andrena helvola is a medium-sized bee, the females are larger than the males with a forewing length of 9 to 10 mm (0.35 to 0.39 in) while in the smaller males the forewings are 6.5 to 8.5 mm (0.26 to 0.33 in) with the larger males being more robust with bigger heads than the smaller individuals. The females have a pile of reddish-brown hair on the top of the thorax with a rather thick pile of orange or yellowish hair on the first and second tergites and a short grey pile on the third and fourth tergites. [2]
Andrena helvola was first formally described in 1758 as Apis helvola by Carl Linnaeus. In 1775 Fabricius described the genus Andrena and in 1912 Viereck designated A. helvola as its type species. [3]
Andrena helvola is found in the Western Palearctic from Great Britain to Russia, north to southern Scandinavia and south to the Pyrenees, Alps, the Balkans and Anatolia. [4] In Great Britain is mainly found in southern England and Wales with scattered occurrences into Scotland. It is found in deciduous woodland growing on a number of different types of soil. [1]
Andrena helvola is a solitary bee which nests singly or in loose aggregations. [2] Its nests are parasitised by the cuckoo bee Nomada panzeri [1] and the males are known to be parasitised by the fly, Stylops nevinsonii . [5] It is a polylectic species and has been recorded feeding on nectar and collecting pollen from the flowers of wood spurge (Euphorbia amygdaloides), field maple (Acer campestre), hawthorn ( Crataegus spp) and holly ( Ilex aquifolium ), [1] as well as bird cherry ( Prunus padus ), cherry plum ( Prunus cerasifera ), white willow ( Salix alba ) and dandelions (Taraxacum spp.). [5] It is a univoltine bee which is active from April up to June in Great Britain between April and June. [1]
Carpenter bees are species in the genus Xylocopa of the subfamily Xylocopinae. The genus includes some 500 bees in 31 subgenera. The common name "carpenter bee" derives from their nesting behavior; nearly all species burrow into hard plant material such as dead wood or bamboo. The main exceptions are species in the subgenus Proxylocopa, which dig nesting tunnels in suitable soil.
The European beewolf, also known as the bee-killer wasp or the bee-eating philanthus, is a solitary wasp that lives in the Western Palearctic and Afrotropics. Although the adults of the species are herbivores, the species derives its name from the behaviour of the inseminated females, who hunt Western honey bees. The female places several of its paralysed prey together with an egg in a small underground chamber, to serve as food for the wasp larvae. All members of the genus Philanthus hunt various species of bees, but P. triangulum is apparently the only one that specialises in Western honey bees.
Andrena is a genus of bees in the family Andrenidae. With over 1,500 species, it is one of the largest genera of animals. It is a strongly monophyletic group that is difficult to split into more manageable divisions; currently, Andrena is organized into 104 subgenera. It is nearly worldwide in distribution, with the notable exceptions of Oceania and South America. Bees in this genus are commonly known as mining bees due to their ground-nesting lifestyle.
The tawny mining bee, Andrena fulva, is a European species of the sand bee (Andrena) genus. The males are 10–12 mm (0.4–0.5 in) and the females 8–10 mm (0.3–0.4 in) long. The female is covered with fox-red hair on the dorsal surface of its thorax and abdomen and black hair on its head and ventral surface. The male is less distinctive, being clad in golden-brown or reddish-brown hairs, with some long white hairs on the face, and a tooth on each of the mandibles.
Andrena marginata, sometimes called the small scabious mining bee is a species of the sand bee (Andrena) genus.
Anthidium florentinum, one of several European wool carder bees, is a territorial species of bee in the family Megachilidae, the leaf-cutter, carder, or mason bees.
Andrena agilissima is a species of mining bee. They are present in most of Europe, the Near East and North Africa and can be found from April through July. Andrena agilissima is an oligolectic species, feeding only on the pollen of a few genera of Cruciferous vegetables.
Dolichovespula adulterina is a species of parasitic social wasp found in the Palearctic region. D. adulterina feeds on a variety of foods, including insects, spiders, arthropods, meat, molluscs, fruit, nectar, and larval secretions. D. adulterina was formerly considered to be synonymous with D. arctica from the Holarctic region, but more recent research indicates that D. arctica is a separate species.
Colletes succinctus, the common colletes or heather colletes, is a species of Palearctic mining bee from the family Colletidae. It is part of the succinctus species group within the genus Colletes and is especially closely related to the ivy bee and the sea aster mining bee which are partially sympatric with C. succinctus but ecologically separate.
Andrena scotica, the chocolate mining bee or hawthorn bee, is a species of mining bee from the family Andrenidae. It occurs in western Europe and is one of the most frequently encountered mining bees found in Great Britain, where it had been previously misidentified as Andrena carantonica.
Andrena trimmerana, Trimmer's mining bee, is a species of mining bee from the family Andrenidae. It occurs in the western Palearctic but its true status in some areas is muddled due to issues of taxonomy and misidentification.
Nomada marshamella, Marsham's nomad bee, is a species of Palearctic cuckoo bee which appears to be a wasp mimic and which is cleptoparasite on the mining bees of the genus Andrena, especially A. scotica and A. trimmerana.
Sphecodes gibbus, the dark-winged blood bee, is a species of cleptoparasitic blood bee from the Palearctic. It is the type species of the genus Sphecodes and was first described by Carl Linnaeus as Sphex gibba in 1758.
Andrena vaga, the grey-backed mining bee, is a species of solitary bee which is found in most of Europe but which is very rare in Great Britain, where it may be recolonizing in the south-east after previously being extirpated. It specialises in feeding on the pollen of willows.
The Clark's miner bee is a species of miner bee in the family Andrenidae. Other common names include Clark's andrena and Clarke's mining bee. It is found in Europe and Northern Asia and North America.
Andrena bicolor, or Gwynne's mining bee, is a common and widespread Western Palearctic mining bee which is found over most of Europe as well as North Africa and the Middle East and which reaches eastwards into Siberia.
Colletes cunicularius, the vernal colletes or spring mining bee, is a species of solitary bee from the family Colletidae which is widespread in the Palearctic from Britain to the Pacific Ocean which nests in areas of open, sandy soil.
The tormentil mining bee is a species of mining bee from the family Andrenidae which has a Palearctic distribution.
Andrena lagopus is a species of mining bees belonging to the family of Andrenidae.