| Part of Red Summer | |
 A photo taken in 1907 of the training ship USS Cumberland | |
| Date | June 27, 1919 |
|---|---|
| Location | Annapolis, Maryland, United States |
| Participants | United States Navy |
| Non-fatal injuries | 2 gun shot injuries |
The Annapolis riot of 1919 took place on June 27, 1919, between midnight and 1 AM, in Annapolis, Maryland. A mob of African-American bluejackets from the U.S. Navy fought local Annapolis African-Americans.
The United States Naval Academy was founded in 1845 on the site of Fort Severn, and occupied an area of land reclaimed from the Severn River next to the Chesapeake Bay. In the summer of 1919 about 40 African-American bluejackets from the U.S. Navy, "the majority of them in training to be mess attendants" and attached to the training ship USS Cumberland, brawled with twice that number of local black residents. There was no white involvement in the riot. [1]
The troubles started on July 22. According to The Washington Times , the issue was that the "jackies" had been "molesting a number of colored women". [2] On the night of June 27 the local black community were "lying in wait" on Acton Lane, a short thoroughfare leading from West street, for the Navy men, who were described as the aggressors. Some of the combatants were armed with handguns and there were considerable shooting and throwing of bricks and other missiles; at one point it threatened to expand into a larger riot. Two people were later treated for minor gunshot wounds. Several windows were broken and there were other minor damage. [2] The Navy men realizing they were outnumbered, withdrew. Two men were arrested with difficulty by a policeman who happened to be on the scene, "whose own life was in jeopardy." They were turned over to the Naval authorities, who sent a provost guard into the city when informed of the troubles, and promised a full investigation, for which reason the city police took no action. [1]
There were instances of the white mobs of US Navy men attacking local black communities like during the New London Naval riots of 1919. The Annapolis riot is commonly described as part of the Red Summer disturbances of 1919, [3] but it is quite different from the white against black rioting that was the usual pattern.
Red Summer was a period in mid-1919 during which white supremacist terrorism and racial riots occurred in more than three dozen cities across the United States, and in one rural county in Arkansas. The term "Red Summer" was coined by civil rights activist and author James Weldon Johnson, who had been employed as a field secretary by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) since 1916. In 1919, he organized peaceful protests against the racial violence.
Jim McMillan was lynched in Bibb County, Alabama on June 18, 1919.
The Washington race riot of 1919 was civil unrest in Washington, D.C. from July 19, 1919, to July 24, 1919. Starting July 19, white men, many in the armed forces, responded to the rumored arrest of a black man for the rape of a white woman with four days of mob violence against black individuals and businesses. They rioted, randomly beat black people on the street, and pulled others off streetcars for attacks. When police refused to intervene, the black population fought back. The city closed saloons and theaters to discourage assemblies. Meanwhile, the four white-owned local papers, including the Washington Post, fanned the violence with incendiary headlines and calling in at least one instance for mobilization of a "clean-up" operation.
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The Baltimore riots of 1919 were a series of riots connected to the Red Summer of 1919. As more and more African-Americans moved from the south to the industrial north they started to move into predominantly white neighborhoods. This change in the racial demographics of urban areas increased racial tension that occasionally boiled over into civil unrest.
The Morgan County, West Virginia race riot of 1919 was caused by big business using African-American strikebreakers against striking white workers in Morgan County, West Virginia.
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The Garfield Park riot of 1919 was a race riot that began in Garfield Park in Indianapolis, Indiana on July 14, 1919. Multiple people, including a seven-year-old girl, were wounded when gunfire broke out.
The 1919 Coatesville call to arms was when the black community of Coatesville, Pennsylvania formed a large armed group to prevent a rumoured lynching. Only later when the armed group had surrounded the jail to prevent the lynching did they learn that there was no suspect and no white lynch mob.
The Darby 1919 lynching attempt was the attempted lynching of Samuel Gorman in Darby, Pennsylvania on July 23, 1919. Samuel Gorman, a 17-year-old black boy was sent to jail for the alleged murder of William E. Taylor.
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Corbin, Kentucky race riot of 1919 was a race riot in 1919 in which a white mob forced nearly all the town's 200 black residents onto a freight train out of town, and a sundown town policy until the late 20th century.
The Wilmington, Delaware race riot of 1919 was a violent racial riot between white and black residents of Wilmington, Delaware on November 13, 1919.
The Laurens County, Georgia race riot was an attack on the black community by white mobs in August 1919. In the Haynes' report, as summarized in the New York Times, it is called the Ocmulgee, Georgia race riot.
Miles Phifer and Robert Crosky were lynched in Montgomery, Alabama for allegedly assaulting a white woman.
Paul Jones was lynched on November 2, 1919, after being accused of attacking a fifty-year-old white woman in Macon, Georgia.
African-American man, Jordan Jameson was lynched on November 11, 1919, in the town square of Magnolia, Columbia County, Arkansas. A large white mob seized Jameson after he allegedly shot the local sheriff. They tied him to a stake and burned him alive.
Chilton Jennings was lynched on July 24, 1919, after being accused of attacking a white woman, Mrs. Virgie Haggard in Gilmer, Texas.