Araucaria hunsteinii

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Araucaria hunsteinii
Araucaria-hunsteinii.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Gymnospermae
Division: Pinophyta
Class: Pinopsida
Order: Araucariales
Family: Araucariaceae
Genus: Araucaria
Section: A. sect. Intermedia
Species:
A. hunsteinii
Binomial name
Araucaria hunsteinii

Araucaria hunsteinii (Klinki , Klinkii or "Klinky", native names Rassu and Pai[ citation needed ]) is a species of Araucaria native to the mountains of Papua New Guinea. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Contents

Araucaria hunsteinii mature leaf detail. Araucaria-hunsteinii-leaf.jpg
Araucaria hunsteinii mature leaf detail.
Araucaria hunsteinii mature trunk detail. Araucaria-hunsteinii-trunk.jpg
Araucaria hunsteinii mature trunk detail.

It is a very large evergreen tree (the tallest in New Guinea, and the tallest species in its family), growing to 50–80 metres (164–262 ft) tall, exceptionally to 90 metres (295 ft), with a trunk up to 3 metres (10 ft) diameter. The branches are horizontal, produced in whorls of five or six. The leaves are spirally arranged, scale-like or awl-like, 6–12 centimetres (2–5 in) long and 1.5–2 centimetres (5834 in) broad at the base, with a sharp tip; leaves on young trees are shorter (under 9 centimetres (4 in)) and narrower (under 1.5 centimetres (58 in)). It is usually monoecious with male and female cones on the same tree; the pollen cones are long and slender, up to 20 centimetres (8 in) long and 1 centimetre (38 in) broad; the seed cones are oval, up to 25 centimetres (10 in) long and 14–16 centimetres (5+126+14 in) broad. The seed cones disintegrate at maturity to release the numerous 3–4 centimetres (1–1+12 in) long nut-like seeds.

Cultivation and uses

It is a fast-growing tree, and is being tested as a potentially important timber crop in tropical highland climates.

Pests

Barinae spp., [Gray 1] Setomorpha rutella , [Gray 2] Microlepidopteras, [Gres. 1] Cacatua galerita (the Sulphur-crested cockatoo) are pests of pine nut production in A. hunsteinii. C. galerita may cause half of the seed crop to be lost in a year, mostly by trying to eat cones that are not yet ready. [Gres. 2] However, another source describes A. hunsteinii as suffering few pests in plantations, and therefore substituting A. cunninghamii in plantations that suffer more from pests. [2]

Specimen of Araucaria hunsteinii var. klinky Araucaria hunsteinii K.Schum. (AM AK375045-2).jpg
Specimen of Araucaria hunsteinii var. klinky

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References

  1. Thomas, P. (2013). "Araucaria hunsteinii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2013: e.T32836A2825399. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T32836A2825399.en . Retrieved 15 November 2021.
  2. Wylie, F. R. (1982). "Insect problems of Araucaria plantations in Papua New Guinea and Australia". Australian Forestry . 45 (2). Taylor & Francis (Informa UK Limited): 125–131. Bibcode:1982AuFor..45..125W. doi:10.1080/00049158.1982.10674343. ISSN   0004-9158.
  1. Curculionidae
    9. Barinae sp.
    COLLECTIONS: In seed cone of Araucaria hunsteinii, Bulolo, M. D., 29.VIII.1967 (J. Thompson).
    DISTRIBUTION AND BIOLOGY : The weevil honeycombs extensively the cones of A. hunsteinii seeds in the virgin forest (Havel 1962). Up to 30-40% of the seed may be damaged ; the damage varies considerably from area to area in the Wau-Bulolo area (J. Thompson, pers. comm., 1967).
  2. Tineidae
    51. Setomorpha rutella Zeller
    COLLECTIONS: In seed of Araucaria hunsteinii, Bulolo, M. D., VI.1964 (J.L.R. Godlee).
    DISTRIBUTION AND BIOLOGY : G. S. Dun reared adults from the seed collected by Mr Godlee. The larvae cause considerable damage to the seed.
  1. p. 391, 4.5. Insect pests of Araucaria species in New Guinea
    A number of as yet unidentified members of the Microlepidoptera also cause much wastage in cones of A. cunninghamii and A. hunsteinii."
  2. p. 391, 4.6. Other predators
    ...
    The foraging activity of birds such as the Sulphur-Crested Cockatoo (Cacatua galerita) may lead to destruction of half or more of annual cone crops. Department of Forests (PNG) records suggest that over 50% of the A. hunsteinii cone crop in the Susu Mountain area, Bulolo was destroyed by cockatoos in successive years (1966 and 1967). Cacatua galerita is a notoriously wasteful eater and most seed is lost through the premature fall of green cones which are left to rot on the forest floor."