| Araucaria tit-spinetail | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Furnariidae |
| Genus: | Leptasthenura |
| Species: | L. setaria |
| Binomial name | |
| Leptasthenura setaria (Temminck, 1824) | |
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The Araucaria tit-spinetail (Leptasthenura setaria) is a Near Threatened species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Argentina and Brazil. [2] [1]
For a period in the early twentieth century the Araucaria tit-spinetail was placed by itself in genus Dendrophylax. Research published in 2011 conclusively placed it in Leptasthenura. [3]
The Araucaria tit-spinetail's English name comes from the Araucaria angustifolia ("Brazilian pine"), on which is the bird is totally dependent. [4]
The Araucaria tit-spinetail is 17 to 19 cm (6.7 to 7.5 in) long and weighs about 11 g (0.39 oz). It is a small-bodied, long-tailed furnariid with a short crest and a longish (for the genus) slightly decurved bill. The sexes have the same plumage. Adults have a thin white supercilium on an otherwise black and white striped face. Their crown and crest are blackish with narrow paler streaks. Their upperparts are reddish brown with faint pale streaks on the upper back. Their wings are mostly rufous with wide rufous bases on the otherwise blackish flight feathers. Their tail is mostly reddish brown with the inner webs of the three central pairs a darker brown; the tail is deeply forked and the feathers have bare shafts at their ends. Their throat and upper breast are whitish with blackish streaks; their lower breast and belly are tawny-buff that is richer on the flanks. Their iris is brown or gray, their bill blackish with a paler base to the mandible, and their legs and feet grayish green. Juveniles have an almost unstreaked crown and a less distinct pattern overall. [4] [5]
The Araucaria tit-spinetail is found in Brazil from far southern Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro states south into Rio Grande do Sol and west into northern Argentina's Misiones Province. It inhabits Araucaria angustifolia trees in almost any landscape, be it forest, woodland, scattered groves, gardens, or plantations. In elevation it mostly occurs between 750 and 1,400 m (2,500 and 4,600 ft) but is found as high as 2,000 m (6,600 ft). [4] [5]
The Araucaria tit-spinetail is a year-round resident throughout its range. [4]
The Araucaria tit-spinetail feeds on arthropods. It forages singly or in pairs, almost entirely in Araucaria angustifolia trees, gleaning prey from the needles and branches from the tree's mid-level to its canopy. It sometimes hangs upside down while foraging. [4] [5]
The Araucaria tit-spinetail is thought to breed in the austral spring and summer and is thought to be monogamous. It builds a ball-shaped nest of vegetation and moss high in a tree. Nothing else is known about its breeding biology. [4]
The Araucaria tit-spinetail's song is a "series (2-3 sec) of very high, thin notes changing in tempo between trill and rattle". [5]
The IUCN has assessed he Araucaria tit-spinetail as Near Threatened. It has a small range, highly specialized habitat requirements, and an unknown population size that is believed to be decreasing. Much of the original Araucaria angustifolia forest has been cleared for agriculture and pasture. (The tree itself is assessed as Critically Endangered. [6] ) Some effort has been made to reforest some areas with the tree but the results have been mixed. [1] It is considered fairly common to common in its small range, and occurs in a few protected areas. It appears "able to adapt to human disturbance as long as Araucaria trees [are] not removed". [4]
The plain-mantled tit-spinetail is a small passerine bird of South America in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, and Peru.
Tit-spinetails are small passerine birds of the genus Leptasthenura, belonging to the ovenbird family Furnariidae. They are found in South America, particularly the southern and Andean parts of the continent. They are somewhat similar to birds of the tit family in their shape and feeding behaviour, hence the first part of their name. The "spinetail" part of their name refers to their long, pointed tail feathers. Tit-spinetails have short rounded wings, short pointed bills and are mainly brown in colour. Their nests are built in holes or in the old nests of other birds.
The pale-browed treehunter is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is endemic to Brazil.
The Andean tit-spinetail is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.
The brown-capped tit-spinetail is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Argentina and Bolivia.
The rusty-crowned tit-spinetail is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is endemic to Peru.
The tufted tit-spinetail is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay, and possibly Paraguay.
The streak-backed tit-spinetail, or streaked tit-spinetail, is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Chile and Peru.
The striolated tit-spinetail is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is endemic to Brazil.
The white-browed tit-spinetail is an Endangered species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is endemic to Peru.
The tawny tit-spinetail is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, and Peru.
The black-capped foliage-gleaner is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay.
The Peruvian recurvebill is a Near Threatened species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil and Peru.
The necklaced spinetail is a species of ovenbird in the family Furnariidae. Found in Ecuador and Peru, its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry shrubland.
The flammulated treehunter is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.
The uniform treehunter is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Colombia and Ecuador.
The Peruvian treehunter is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Bolivia and Peru. It is also called the rufous-backed treehunter or buff-throated treehunter.
The rufous-tailed xenops is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela, and possibly French Guiana.
The great rufous woodcreeper is a species of bird in the subfamily Dendrocolaptinae of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, and Paraguay.
The lesser woodcreeper is a species of bird in the subfamily Dendrocolaptinae of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay.
