Argyrops spinifer

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Argyrops spinifer
Argyrops spinifer Day.png
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Acanthuriformes
Family: Sparidae
Genus: Argyrops
Species:
A. spinifer
Binomial name
Argyrops spinifer
(Forsskål, 1775)
Synonyms [2]
  • Sparus spinifer Forsskål, 1775
  • Pagrus longifilis Valenciennes, 1830
  • Pagrus ruber Boulenger, 1888
  • Pagrus ciliaris von Bonde, 1923
  • Calamus ciliaris (von Bonde, 1923)

Argyrops spinifer, the king soldierbream, Bowen snapper, long-spined red bream, longfin snapper, longspine seabream and red bokako, It is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae. This species is found in the Indian Ocean.

Contents

Taxonomy

Argyrops spinifer was first formally described as Sparus spinifer in 1775 by the Swedish-speaking Finnish naturalist and explorer Peter Forsskål with its type locality given as Jeddah in Saudi Arabia. [3] In 1839 William John Swainson proposed a new monotypic subgenus, Argyrops of Chrysophrys for this species, so this species is the type species of the genus Argyrops. [4] Argyrops bleekeri of Australia and the Western Pacific has been considered to be conspecific with this species but they are now regarded as valid separate species. [5] This species forms a species complex with A. flavops , described in 2018 from the Arabian Sea. [6] The genus Argyrops is placed in the family Sparidae within the order Spariformes by the 5th edition of Fishes of the World . [7] Some authorities classify this genus in the subfamily Sparinae, [8] but the 5th edition of Fishes of the World does not recognise subfamilies within the Sparidae. [7]

Etymology

Argyrops spinifer has the specific name spinifer, which means "thorn bearer", which Forsskål did not explain, but it is assumed to refer to the simple, forward pointing first dorsal fin spine. [9]

Description

Argyrops spinifer has its dorsal fin supported by between 11 and 13 spines, the first 2 spines being very short [10] and located on the same dorsal pterygiophore, and 9 or 10 soft rays. [2] In this species and A. flavops the presence of 4–6 very long and filamentous spines in the dorsal fin, typically the 3rd to 6th or 3rd to 8th, in both juveniles and subadults is a character separating them from other Argyrops species. [6] The anal fin has 3 spines and 8 soft rays. This fish has a deep and strongly compressed body which has a standard length that is between 1.8 and 2 times its depth. I larger adults, i.e. those with a standard length in excess of 60 cm (24 in) there is a convex growth on the nape. The main colour on the body is silvery pinkish, darker on head and upperbody. The upper opercular margin is typically dark red and all the fins are reddish with the pelvic and anal fins being the palest. Juveniles and subadults have a number of red, vertical bars on their bodies. [11] The king soldierbream has a maximum published total length of 80 cm (31 in) but 30 cm (12 in) is more typical. [2]

Distribution and habitat

Argyrops spinifer is found in the Indian Ocean but its exact distribution is difficult to determine as there are similar species and geographical forms. [1] [6] It is found over a variety of depths between 5 and 100 m (16 and 328 ft), with the juveniles and subadults preferring shallower, more protected waters. [11]

Biology

Argyrops spinifer is a predatory species, it largely hunts benthic invertebrates, particularly molluscs. [2] The king soldierbream may be a protogynous hermaphrodite. In the Arabian Sea spawning was seen to take place between November and January, just after the end of the monsoon. [1]

Fisheries

Argyrops spinifer is an important species for recreational and commercial fisheries. [11] They are caught using bottom trawls, handlines and fish traps, it has been studies for its potential in aquaculture in Oman. [1]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sparidae</span> Family of fishes

Sparidae is a family of ray-finned fishes belonging to the order Spariformes, the seabreams and porgies, although they were traditionally classified in the order Perciformes. They are found in shallow temperate and tropical waters around the world and are demersal carnivores.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Red steenbras</span> Species of fish

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<i>Rhabdosargus sarba</i> Species of fish

Rhabdosargus sarba, also known as the goldlined seabream, silver bream, tarwhine, or yellowfin bream, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. This fish has a wide Indo-Pacific distribution.

<i>Acanthopagrus</i> Genus of fishes

Acanthopagrus is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Sparidae, the sea breams and porgies. The fish in this genus are found in the Indian and western Pacific Oceans.

<i>Rhabdosargus</i> Genus of fishes

Rhabdosargus is a genus of ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. These fishes are found in the southeastern Atlantic Ocean and throughout the Indo-West Pacific, although mainly in the western Indian Ocean.

<i>Acanthopagrus berda</i> Species of fish

Acanthopagrus berda, the goldsilk seabream, sly bream, picnic seabream, black sea bream, black porgy, picky bream, silver bream or river bream, is a species of ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, the sea breams and porgies. This species is found in the Indian Ocean.

<i>Cheimerius</i> Genus of fishes

Cheimerius is a monospecific genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, the seabreams and porgies. The only species in the genus is Cheimerius nufar, the santer seabream, santer or soldier, of the Indian Ocean.

<i>Crenidens</i> Genus of fishes

Crenidens is a small genus of three species of seabream from the family Sparidae from the western Indian Ocean. It was previously regarded as monotypic, with the sole species being the Karenteen sea bream Crenidens crenidens but two other species are now accepted as valid species, separate from the type species, C. crenidens.

<i>Argyrozona</i> Species of marine ray-finned fish

Argyrozona is a monospecific genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, the seabreams and progies. Its only species is Argyrozona argyrozona, the carpenter seabream or doppie, which is endemic to the waters off southern South Africa.

<i>Argyrops</i> Genus of fishes

Argyrops is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Sparidae, the seabreams and porgies. These fishes are found in the coasts of Indian Ocean and near Australia.

<i>Crenidens indicus</i> Species of ray-finned fish

Crenidens indicus. Day's karanteen bream, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. This species is found in the Indian Ocean.

<i>Argyrops bleekeri</i> Species of fish

Argyrops bleekeri, also known as Taiwan tai, frypan bream, Bowen snapper, frypan snapper, king soldier bream, longfin snapper or longspine snapper, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, the seabreams and porgies. This species is found in the western Pacific Ocean.

<i>Spicara axillare</i> Species of fish

Spicara axillare, the windtoy, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, the seabreams and porgies. This species is found in the Western Indian Ocean and is endemic to South Africa.

<i>Chrysoblephus cristiceps</i> Species of fish

Chrysoblephus cristiceps, the daggerhead seabream or dageraad, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, the seabreams and porgies. This fish is endemic to the southwestern Indian Ocean and southeastern Atlantic Ocean off South Africa. This species is assessed as being Critically Endangered bt the International Union for Conservation of Nature.

<i>Boopsoidea</i> Species of sea breeam (fish)

Booposoidea is a monospecific genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, the seabreams and porgies. The only species in the genus is Boopsoidea inornata, the Fransmadam or Karel grootoog, which is endemic to the southwestern Indian Ocean off South Africa.

<i>Acanthopagrus bifasciatus</i> Species of fish

Acanthopagrus bifasciatus, the twobar seabream, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, the sea breams and porgies. This species is found in the northwestern Indian Ocean.

Argyrops filamentosus, the soldierbream, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, the seabreams and porgies. This fish is found in the Western Indian Ocean.

<i>Pachymetopon grande</i> Species of fish

Pachymetopon grande, the bronze seabream or blue hottentot, is a species of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. This species is found in the southwestern Indian Ocean. It is an important spoecies for recreational fisheries in South Africa and for subsistence fisheries too.

<i>Pagellus affinis</i> Species of fish

Pagellus affinis, the Arabian pandora, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. This species is found in the northern Western Indian Ocean.

<i>Polyamblyodon germanum</i> Species of fish

Polyamblyodon germanum, the German seabream, is a species of marine ray-finned fish in the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. This species is found in the southwestern Indian Ocean.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Iwatsuki, Y.; Russell, B.; Carpenter, K.E.; et al. (2014). "Argyrops spinifer". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2014: e.T170238A1299019. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-3.RLTS.T170238A1299019.en . Retrieved 30 December 2023.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Argyrops spinifer". FishBase . October 2023 version.
  3. ↑ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Argyrops". Catalog of Fishes . California Academy of Sciences . Retrieved 30 December 2023.
  4. ↑ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Sparidae". Catalog of Fishes . California Academy of Sciences . Retrieved 30 December 2023.
  5. ↑ Bray, D.J. (2021). "Argyrops bleekeri". Fishes of Australia. Museums Victoria. Retrieved 30 December 2023.
  6. 1 2 3 Iwatsuki, Yukio; Phil Heemstra (2018). "Taxonomic review of the genus Argyrops (Perciformes; Sparidae) with three new species from the Indo-West Pacific". Zootaxa. 4438 (3): 401. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4438.3.1. PMID   30313129.
  7. 1 2 Nelson, J.S.; Grande, T.C.; Wilson, M.V.H. (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 502–506. doi:10.1002/9781119174844. ISBN   978-1-118-34233-6. LCCN   2015037522. OCLC   951899884. OL   25909650M.
  8. ↑ Parenti, P. (2019). "An annotated checklist of the fishes of the family Sparidae". FishTaxa. 4 (2): 47–98.
  9. ↑ "Order SPARIFORMES: Families LETHRINIDAE, NEMIPTERIDAE and SPARIDAE". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf. 22 December 2022. Archived from the original on 30 October 2023. Retrieved 30 December 2023.
  10. ↑ SPARIDAE Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations.
  11. 1 2 3 Yukio Iwatsuki and Phillip C Heemstra (2022). "Family Sparidae". In Phillip C Heemstra; Elaine Heemstra; David A Ebert; Wouter Holleman; and John E Randall (eds.). Coastal Fishes of the Western Indian Ocean (PDF). Vol. 3. South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity. pp. 284–315. ISBN   978-1-990951-32-9.
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