Arilus

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Arilus
Arilus cristatus Kaldari 02.jpg
Arilus cristatus
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hemiptera
Suborder: Heteroptera
Family: Reduviidae
Subfamily: Harpactorinae
Tribe: Harpactorini
Genus: Arilus
Hahn, 1831

Arilus, or wheel bugs due to the semicircular crest on the pronotum, [1] [2] [3] is a genus of true bugs in the family Reduviidae, subfamily Harpactorinae and tribe Harpactorini. Most species are found in the Americas. [4] Arilus is a generalist predator of insects. [2]

Contents

See North American wheel bug for details about a representative species.

Species

Five extant species plus one fossil species are included within this genus: [5]

Three additional species originally described in the genus are currently incertae sedis. [5]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Reduviidae</span> Family of insects

The Reduviidae is a large cosmopolitan family of the suborder Heteroptera of the order Hemiptera. Among the Hemiptera and together with the Nabidae almost all species are terrestrial ambush predators; most other predatory Hemiptera are aquatic. The main examples of nonpredatory Reduviidae are some blood-sucking ectoparasites in the subfamily Triatominae. Though spectacular exceptions are known, most members of the family are fairly easily recognizable; they have a relatively narrow neck, sturdy build, and a formidable curved proboscis. Large specimens should be handled with caution, if at all, because they sometimes defend themselves with a very painful stab from the proboscis.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Coreidae</span> Family of insects

Coreidae is a large family of predominantly sap-sucking insects in the Hemipteran suborder Heteroptera. The name "Coreidae" derives from the genus Coreus, which derives from the Ancient Greek κόρις (kóris) meaning bedbug.

<i>Arilus cristatus</i> Species of true bug

Arilus cristatus, also known as the North American wheel bug or simply wheel bug, is a species of large assassin bug in the family Reduviidae and the only species of wheel bug found in the United States. It is one of the largest terrestrial true bugs in North America, reaching up to 1.5 inches (38 mm) in length in its adult stage. It is sexually dimorphic, in that males are somewhat smaller than the females. A characteristic structure is the wheel-shaped pronotal armor. North American wheel bugs prey on caterpillars and beetles, such as Japanese beetles, the cabbage worm, orange dogs, tent caterpillars, and the Mexican bean beetle, all of which they pierce with their beak to inject salivary fluids that dissolve soft tissue. The North American wheel bug is most active in daylight, but may engage in predatory behaviors at night in areas illuminated by lights. Because most of its prey are pests, the wheel bug is considered beneficial.

<i>Triatoma</i> Genus of true bugs

Triatoma is a genus of assassin bug in the subfamily Triatominae. The members of Triatoma are blood-sucking insects that can transmit serious diseases, such as Chagas disease. Their saliva may also trigger allergic reactions in sensitive individuals, up to and including severe anaphylactic shock.

<i>Rhodnius</i> Genus of true bugs

Rhodnius is a genus of assassin bugs in the subfamily Triatominae, and is an important vector in the spread of Chagas disease. The Rhodnius species were important models for Sir Vincent Wigglesworth's studies of insect physiology, specifically growth and development.

<i>Apiomerus</i> Genus of true bugs

Apiomerus is a genus of conspicuous, brightly colored assassin bugs belonging to the family Reduviidae. The species can be found in the United States ranging into tropical America. The common name bee assassins derives from their frequent habit of sitting and waiting upon flowers and taking bees as prey. The bright colors are aposematic, likely a warning to larger predators that a painful bite can be delivered.

<i>Leptoglossus</i> Genus of true bugs

Leptoglossus is a genus of true bugs in the leaf-footed bug family and the tribe Anisoscelini. Species are distributed throughout the Americas, with some records in eastern & southern Asia and Europe. Several species are economic pests of agricultural crops. Like members of some other genera in the family, these bugs have leaflike dilations of the hind tibia. Several species are of economic importance, and one species, L. chilensis, has been reported to bite humans.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Harpactorinae</span> Subfamily of true bugs

The Harpactorinae are a large subfamily of the Reduviidae. About 300 genera and 2,000 species worldwide have been described. Some of the species of the genera Zelus, Pselliopus, Sinea, and Apiomerus are of interest as biological pest control agents.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Harpactorini</span> Tribe of true bugs

Harpactorini is a tribe of the Harpactorinae. This group is the most diverse of the entire assassin bug family, with 51 genera recognized in the Neotropical Region and 289 genera and 2003 species overall.

<i>Rhynocoris</i> Genus of true bugs

Rhynocoris is a genus of assassin bug, family (Reduviidae), in the subfamily Harpactorinae. Species are recorded from Asia, mainland Europe, Africa and North America.

Melanolestes is a Nearctic and Neotropical genus of assassin bugs (Reduviidae). Nine species are known :

<i>Sinea</i> Genus of true bugs

Sinea is a New World genus of assassin bugs, in the subfamily Harpactorinae. 13 species have been described, mostly from the Southwestern United States and Central America.

<i>Dysdercus</i> Genus of true bugs

Dysdercus is a widespread genus of true bugs in the family Pyrrhocoridae; a number of species attacking cotton bolls may be called "cotton stainers".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tingini</span> Tribe of true bugs

Tingini is a tribe of lace bugs in the family Tingidae. There are at least 250 genera and 2,400 described species in Tingini.

<i>Orthocephalus</i> Genus of true bugs

Orthocephalus is a genus of plant bugs in the family Miridae. There are more than 20 described species in Orthocephalus.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Geocoridae</span> Family of true bugs

Geocoridae is a family of big-eyed bugs in the order Hemiptera. There are more than 290 described species in Geocoridae.

<i>Galeatus</i> Genus of true bugs

Galeatus is a genus of lace bugs in the family Tingidae. There are about 18 described species in Galeatus.

<i>Heza</i> Genus of true bugs

Heza is a genus of assassin bugs in the family Reduviidae. There are more than 30 described species in Heza found in the Americas.

<i>Heterocordylus</i> Genus of true bugs

Heterocordylus is a genus of plant bugs in the family Miridae. There are about 19 described species in Heterocordylus.

<i>Rihirbus</i> Genus of assassin bugs

Rihirbus is a genus of assassin bug from the tropical parts of the Oriental region. They belong to the Harpactorinae and the genus is unique in having the fore tibiae with incurved tips and the apex having a long tooth. They show sexual dimorphism and are polymorphic making their identification to species complicated. Females are larger and wider. R. trochantericus takes about 49 days to develop from egg to adult in southern India.

References

  1. Aldrich, Jeffrey R.; Chauhan, Kamlesh R.; Zhang, Aijun; Zarbin, Paulo H.G. (2013). "Exocrine Secretions of Wheel Bugs (Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Arilus spp.): Clarification and Chemistry". Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C. 68 (11–12): 522–526. doi: 10.1515/znc-2013-11-1211 . Retrieved 2022-02-01.
  2. 1 2 Laiton J., Laura A.; Giraldo-Jaramillo, Marisol; Forero, Dimitri; Benavides M., Pablo (2021). "The wheel bug Arilus gallus (Hemiptera: Reduviidae): life history and description of immature stages". Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. 123 (3): 551–563. doi:10.4289/0013-8797.123.3.551.
  3. Fitzsimmons, Jay M.; Fitzsimmons, Lauren P. (2010). "Pre-copulatory behavior of the wheel bug Arilus gallus (Hemiptera: Reduviidae)". Entomological News. 121 (3): 304–307. Retrieved 2022-02-01.
  4. GBIF: Arilus Hahn, 1831
  5. 1 2 "Arilus Hahn, 1831: Genus information BioLib". biolib.cz. Retrieved 11 May 2020.