Ariocarpus retusus

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Ariocarpus retusus
Ariocarpus retusus v. scapharostroides1-4524.jpg
CITES Appendix I (CITES) [1]
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Caryophyllales
Family: Cactaceae
Subfamily: Cactoideae
Genus: Ariocarpus
Species:
A. retusus
Binomial name
Ariocarpus retusus
Scheidw.
Synonyms
List
    • Anhalonium prismaticumLem. 1839
    • Ariocarpus prismaticusCobbold 1903
    • Anhalonium areolosumLem. 1859
    • Anhalonium elongatumSalm-Dyck 1845
    • Anhalonium furfuraceum(S.Watson) J.M.Coult. 1894
    • Anhalonium pulvilligerumLem. 1843
    • Anhalonium retusumSalm-Dyck 1845
    • Ariocarpus confususHalda & Horáček 1997
    • Ariocarpus elongatus(Salm-Dyck) Wettst. 1928
    • Ariocarpus elongatus subsp. horacekii(Halda) Halda 1998
    • Ariocarpus furfuraceus(S.Watson) H.S.Thomps. 1898
    • Ariocarpus furfuraceus f. cristataFrič 1925
    • Ariocarpus furfuraceus var. rostratusA.Berger 1929
    • Ariocarpus prismaticus var. maiorFrič 1925
    • Ariocarpus prismaticus var. minorFrič 1925
    • Ariocarpus pulvilligeris(Monv. ex C.F.Först. & Rümpler) K.Schum. 1898
    • Ariocarpus retusus subsp. confusus(Halda & Horáček) Lüthy 1999
    • Ariocarpus retusus var. furfuraceus(S.Watson) G.Frank 1975
    • Ariocarpus retusus subsp. horacekiiHalda & Panar. 1998
    • Ariocarpus retusus subsp. jarmilaeHalda, Horáček & Panar. 1998
    • Ariocarpus retusus subsp. panarottoiHalda & Horáček 1998
    • Ariocarpus retusus subsp. pectinatusWeisbarth 2003
    • Ariocarpus retusus subsp. scapharostroidesHalda & Horáček 1997
    • Ariocarpus retusus subsp. sladkovskyiHalda & Kupčák 2000
    • Ariocarpus trigonus var. elongatus(Salm-Dyck) Backeb. 1961
    • Ariocarpus trigonus var. horacekiiHalda 1997
    • Cactus areolosusKuntze 1891
    • Cactus prismaticus(Hemsl.) Kuntze 1891
    • Cactus procerus(C.Ehrenb.) Kuntze 1891
    • Mammillaria aloidesMonv. ex Labour. 1853
    • Mammillaria areolosaHemsl. 1880
    • Mammillaria elongataHemsl. 1880
    • Mammillaria furfuraceaS.Watson 1890
    • Mammillaria prismaticaHemsl. 1880
    • Mammillaria proceraC.Ehrenb. 1849
    • Mammillaria pulvilligeraMonv. ex C.F.Först. & Rümpler 1885
    • Mammillaria purpuraceaS.Watson 1890

Ariocarpus retusus is a species of cactus, from the genus Ariocarpus , found mainly in Mexico. It is one of the largest and fastest-growing species in this genus known for a slow rate of growth. [2] Despite its slow growth, often taking ten years to reach flowering age, the retusus is a desirable cactus for cultivation, having attractive flowers and an unusual form for a cactus. It is also one of the most easily cultivated species in the genus.

Contents

Description

Ariocarpus retusus has flattened, spherical shoots that are gray-green, blue-green, or yellow-green, growing to heights of 3 to 25 centimeters and diameters of 4 to 30 centimeters. The erect, spreading warts protrude from the soil, crowded at the base, and are somewhat pointed or sharp-tipped with rounded or flat tops. The warts measure 1.5 to 4 centimeters long and 1 to 3.5 centimeters wide, sometimes as long as they are wide or twice as long. Occasionally, areoles are present at the tips of the warts. The flowers are cream to light yellow, white (sometimes with a red central stripe), or pinkish red, and have a diameter of 3 to 5 centimeters. The elongated fruits are 1 to 2.5 centimeters long. [3]

The chromosome count is 2n = 22. [4]

Distribution

Ariocarpus retusus is found in Mexico, from the states of Coahuila and Nuevo León south along both sides of the Sierra Madre Occidental to San Luis Potosí, Tamaulipas, and Zacatecas in the high Chihuahuan desert at elevations between 1,300 and 2,000 meters. This species grows on limestone and rocky slopes and in grasslands. [5]

Taxonomy

This species was first described in 1838 by Michael Joseph François Scheidweiler, the specific epithet "retusus" comes from Latin, meaning 'blunted,' referring to the shape of the warts. [6]

Pharmacology

Hordenine, N-methyltyramine, N-methyl-3,4-dimethoxy-β-phenethylamine and N-methyl-4-methoxy-β-phenethylamine [7] as well as the flavonol retusin has been found in Ariocarpus retusus. [8] The locals use the slime from the roots of the plants as glue to repair pottery. As a medicinal plant it is used to treat fever. The Huichols use them in religious ceremonies.

References

  1. ↑ "Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Retrieved 2022-01-14.
  2. ↑ "Ariocarpus retusus".
  3. ↑ Anderson, Edward F.; Eggli, Urs (2005). Das grosse Kakteen-Lexikon (in German). Stuttgart (Hohenheim): Ulmer. p. 74. ISBN   3-8001-4573-1.
  4. ↑ Anderson, Edward F. (1960). "A Revision of Ariocarpus (Cactaceae). I. The Status of the Proposed Genus Roseocactus" . American Journal of Botany. 47 (7). Botanical Society of America: 582–589. doi:10.2307/2439437. ISSN   0002-9122. JSTOR   2439437 . Retrieved 2024-06-15.
  5. ↑ Vallicelli, Valentino (2013-08-04). "Ariocarpus retusus". LLIFLE. Retrieved 2024-06-15. Creative Commons by-sa small.svg  This article incorporates textfrom this source, which is available under the CC BY-SA 3.0 license.
  6. ↑ Sciences, Mie Royale Des (1838). "Bulletins de l'Académie royale des sciences, des lettres et des beaux-arts de Belgique". Biodiversity Heritage Library. Retrieved 2024-06-15.
  7. ↑ Braga, D.; McLaughlin, J. (1969). "CACTUS ALKALOIDS V. ISOLATION OF HORDENINE AND N–METHYLTYRAMINE FROM ARIOCARPUS RETUSUS". Planta Medica. 17 (1): 87–94. doi:10.1055/s-0028-1099832. ISSN   0032-0943. PMID   5793963.
  8. ↑ Domínguez, Xorge; Ramírez, Rafael; Ugaz, Olga; D., Jesús; Ketcham, Roger (1968). "CHEMICAL STUDY OF THE CACTUS ARIOCARPUS RETUSUS". Planta Medica. 16 (2): 182–183. doi:10.1055/s-0028-1099897. ISSN   0032-0943. PMID   5703896.
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