The Mimosoideae are trees, herbs, lianas, and shrubs that mostly grow in tropical and subtropical climates. They comprise a clade, previously placed at the subfamily or family level in the flowering plant family Fabaceae (Leguminosae). In previous classifications, Mimosoideae refers to what was formerly considered the tribe Mimoseae. Characteristics include flowers in radial symmetry with petals that are valvate in bud, and have numerous showy, prominent stamens. Mimosoideae comprise about 40 genera and 2,500 species.
Urticales is an order of flowering plants. Before molecular phylogenetics became an important part of plant taxonomy, Urticales was recognized in many, perhaps even most, systems of plant classification, with some variations in circumscription. Among these is the Cronquist system (1981), which placed the order in the subclass Hamamelidae [sic], as comprising:
Piperales is an order of flowering plants. It necessarily includes the family Piperaceae but other taxa have been included or disincluded variously over time. Well-known plants which may be included in this order include black pepper, kava, lizard's tail, birthwort, and wild ginger.
The Aristolochiaceae are a family, the birthwort family, of flowering plants with seven genera and about 400 known species belonging to the order Piperales. The type genus is Aristolochia L.
Ptilimnium nodosum, common names piedmont mock bishopweed and harperella, is a plant native to riparian environments in the Southeastern United States, found at sites in West Virginia, Maryland, several Southeastern states such as Alabama and North Carolina, and the Ouachita National Forest in Arkansas and Oklahoma.
Aristolochia is a large plant genus with over 500 species that is the type genus of the family Aristolochiaceae. Its members are commonly known as birthwort, pipevine or Dutchman's pipe and are widespread and occur in the most diverse climates. Some species, like A. utriformis and A. westlandii, are threatened with extinction.
Dutchman's pipe is a common name for some unrelated flowering plants, which have flowers, inflorescences or stems resembling a pipe:
Hydnoroideae is a subfamily of parasitic flowering plants in the order Piperales. Traditionally, and as recently as the APG III system it given family rank under the name Hydnoraceae. It is now submerged in the Aristolochiaceae. It contains two genera, Hydnora and Prosopanche:
Nepenthes boschiana, or Bosch's pitcher-plant, is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to Borneo. It is most closely allied to N. faizaliana. Nepenthes borneensis is considered a synonym of this species. Nepenthes boschiana has no known natural hybrids. No valid forms or varieties have been described. Nepenthes boschiana belongs to the loosely defined "N. maxima complex", which also includes, among other species, N. chaniana, N. epiphytica, N. eymae, N. faizaliana, N. fusca, N. klossii, N. maxima, N. platychila, N. stenophylla, and N. vogelii.
Nepenthes vieillardii is a species of pitcher plant endemic to the island of New Caledonia. Its distribution is the most easterly of any Nepenthes species. Its natural habitat is shrublands or forests, to about 900 metres (3,000 ft) altitude.
Nepenthes diatas is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to Sumatra, where it grows at an altitude of 2,000–2,900 metres (6,600–9,500 ft) above sea level.
Nepenthes densiflora is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to Sumatra, where it grows at an altitude of between 1700 and 3200 m above sea level.
Nepenthes lavicola is a tropical pitcher plant species endemic to the Geureudong Massif of Aceh, northern Sumatra, where it grows at 2000–2600 m above sea level. It is thought to be most closely related to N. singalana and N. spectabilis.
Nepenthes petiolata is a highland Nepenthes pitcher plant species endemic to Mindanao island in the Philippines, where it grows at an elevation of 1,450–1,900 metres (4,800–6,200 ft) above sea level.
Aristolochia serpentaria is a species of perennial flowering plant in the Aristolochiaceae (birthwort) family. The species is commonly known as Virginia snakeroot and is native to eastern North America, from Connecticut to southern Michigan and south to Texas and Florida.
Cunninghamia konishii is a species of tree in the cypress family, Cupressaceae. It is native to southeast China, Taiwan, Laos and Vietnam.
Aristolochia maxima is a plant species native to Central and South America, naturalized in southern Florida. Common names include Florida Dutchman's-pipe (US), canastilla (Guatemala), guaco, and tecolotillo (Mexico). In Florida, it grows in hammocks in the Everglades at elevations below 50 m.
Aristolochia macrophylla, Dutchman's pipe or pipevine, is a vine native to the eastern United States. Aristolochia macrophylla belongs to the plant family Aristolochiaceae and is found primarily along the Cumberland Mountains and Blue Ridge Mountains in the eastern portion of the United States, as well as Ontario, Canada. This species of plant has received considerable attention in the past few decades for the discovery of a potent compound called aristolochic acid, which has been the focus of debate due its harmful side effects.
Aristolochia reticulata, the Red River snakeroot, Texas Dutchman's pipe, or Texas pipevine, is a species of perennial herb in the family Aristolochiaceae, and endemic to Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas. Its habit is erect to sprawling, up to 0.4 meters in height. It flowers in summer and late spring, and summer and grows in moist, sandy soils.
Aristolochia gorgona is a recently discovered (2002) flowering plant in the Dutchman's pipe family (Aristolochiaceae) found in the Atlantic-facing rainforests of Costa Rica and Panama. It differs from Aristolochia grandiflora in lacking the sometimes very long "tail" that hangs down from the trumpet of A. grandiflora, in being darker and in being covered with inch-long (2.5 cm) tendril-like enations which have suggested a comparison to Medusa and her sisters. With a trumpet up to 12.5 inches (31 cm) top to bottom, twelve inches (30 cm) wide and about 15 inches (38 cm) deep A. gorgona is one of the largest flowers in the New World. Its discoverer, Blanco thought its very late discovery might be due to its similarity to A. grandiflora. This resemblance must be that of the foliage, for as we have seen the flowers are very different.
