The men's triple jump event at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, Soviet Union had an entry list of 23 competitors, with two qualifying groups (23 jumpers) before the final (12) took place on Friday, July 25, 1980. The maximum number of athletes per nation had been set at 3 since the 1930 Olympic Congress. The top twelve and ties, and all those reaching 16.55 metres advanced to the final. The qualification round was held on Thursday, July 24, 1980.[1]
The Soviet Union's Jaak Uudmäe and Viktor Saneyev won the first two places, ahead of Brazil's world record holder João Carlos de Oliveira. Both de Oliveira and Australia's Ian Campbell produced long jumps, but they were declared fouls by the officials and not measured; in Campbell's case, his longest jump was ruled a "scrape foul", with his trailing leg touching the track during the jump. Campbell insisted he hadn't scraped, and it was alleged the officials intentionally threw out his and de Oliveira's best jumps to favor the Soviets, similarly to a number of other events.
It was the fourth consecutive gold medal for the Soviet Union, and the eighth consecutive Games in which the Soviets made the podium. Saneyev became the first man to win four medals in the triple jump; de Oliveira was the tenth man to win two.
Summary
Background
This was the 19th appearance of the event, which is one of 12 athletics events to have been held at every Summer Olympics. Only two finalists from the 1976 Games returned: three-time gold medalist Viktor Saneyev of the Soviet Union and bronze medalist João Carlos de Oliveira of Brazil. Benin, Ethiopia, the Seychelles, Vietnam, and Zambia each made their first appearance in the event. Finland competed for the 15th time, most of any nation competing in 1980 though behind the boycotting United States' 18 appearances.[2]
The favorites included Oliveira, who held the world record, as well as Ian Campbell of Australia, Keith Connor of Great Britain, and the Soviet Union's Jaak Uudmäe and Yevgeni Anikin; all of these jumpers had exceeded 17m earlier in the year.[3] 34-year-old Viktor Saneyev, the third Soviet jumper, was the defending champion from the 1968, 1972 and 1976 Olympics, but came in with a season best of only 16.78.[3]
Qualifying
All of these athletes qualified for the final; Campbell led with a first-round jump of 17.02, the only athlete to clear 17 metres.[3][4][5] He was followed by the other Australian, Ken Lorraway, with 16.80m.
Final
De Oliveira led after round one with 16.96, followed by Saneyev; Campbell had by far the longest jump of the round, but it was declared a foul.[3] Uudmäe improved to third place in round two and then took the lead in round three with 17.35, his personal best; de Oliveira had his best measured jump, 17.22, immediately after this, and Saneyev improved to 17.04 to finish the round.[3] In the remaining rounds, both Campbell and de Oliveira produced jumps that were long enough to overtake Uudmäe, but they were marked as fouls and therefore not measured, in Campbell's case, he was adjudged to have committed a "scrape foul", which if true, would have made the length of his jump virtually impossible.; neither of them recorded a mark after round three. Uudmäe produced his best jump in round four but it was ruled a foul. In round six Uudmäe jumped 17.28m which was the second best legal jump of the competition. The competition ended with Saneyev as the last jumper of the sixth and final round; he jumped 17.24, his best since the 1976 Olympics, to overtake de Oliveira for silver.[3]
Controversy
After the first day of athletics at the 1980 Olympics – July 24, the day of the triple jump qualification – Adriaan Paulen, the head of the International Amateur Athletic Federation (IAAF), had agreed to pull all IAAF inspectors from the field, leaving Soviet officials to judge all events without outside supervision.[3][6] Allegations that the Soviets abused this situation to favor their own athletes started with the triple jump final and continued through the week, resulting in the IAAF inspectors returning for the final days.[6][7]
Both Campbell and de Oliveira jumped beyond Uudmäe's leading mark more than once, but all of these jumps were declared fouls despite their protests.[3][7] One of Campbell's jumps, perhaps the longest in the competition,[7] was ruled a "scrape" foul: the officials claimed his trailing leg had touched the track during the step phase, which was against the rules at the time.[3][8] Campbell insisted he hadn't scraped, stating it was impossible to scrape and still jump that far.[3][8] Campbell's first jump, also a potential winner, was declared a normal foul; the Australian said he demanded to see the plasticine after the jump, and while there was a mark on it as expected after a foul, it was on the wrong side to have been produced by his take-off foot.[5][8] The foul rulings on de Oliveira's longest jumps were also controversial, with both outside observers and de Oliveira himself feeling at least some, if not all, of those jumps should have been valid.[6][7] Whether Campbell or de Oliveira had the longest jump in the competition is unclear.[6][8]
The behavior of the Soviet audience, which whistled loudly during de Oliveira's jumps, also received negative attention,[3][6] though the crowd did applaud de Oliveira after he shook hands with the board judges.[3]
Mizuno allegations
Australian journalist Roy Masters has claimed the competition was not simply one part of a wider pattern of Soviet officials favoring the home team, but was specifically rigged so that Soviet jumpers with Mizuno shoes would win.[5][8] According to Masters, Mizuno had been snubbed during the torch relay, and the organizers attempted to make up for it by fixing the triple jump.[5][8]
Competition format
The competition used the two-round format introduced in 1936. In the qualifying round, each jumper received three attempts to reach the qualifying distance of 16.55 metres; if fewer than 12 men did so, the top 12 (including all those tied) would advance. In the final round, each athlete had three jumps; the top eight received an additional three jumps, with the best of the six to count.[2][9]
Records
Prior to the competition, the existing world and Olympic records were as follows.
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