| Azuero dove | |
|---|---|
 | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Columbiformes |
| Family: | Columbidae |
| Genus: | Leptotila |
| Species: | L. battyi |
| Binomial name | |
| Leptotila battyi Rothschild, 1901 | |
 | |
The Azuero dove or brown-backed dove (Leptotila battyi) is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is endemic to Panama. [2]
The Azuero dove, the grey-fronted dove (Leptotila rufaxilla) and pallid dove (L. pallida) of South America, the grey-headed dove (L. plumbeiceps) of South and Central America, and the Grenada dove (L. wellsi) of Grenada were at one time thought to be a single species. [3] [4]
The International Ornithological Committee (IOC) and the Handbook of the Birds of the World (HBW) recognize two subspecies, the nominate L. b. battyi and L. l. malae. The American Ornithological Society (AOS) and the Clements taxonomy include those subspecies in the grey-headed dove. [2] [5] [6] [7]
The Azuero dove is 23.5 to 25.5 cm (9.3 to 10.0 in) long. The adult male of the nominate subspecies has a pale gray forehead, a slate gray crown and nape, and a brownish gray hindneck. The rest of the face and the throat are reddish gray. The breast is shades of pink and the belly and vent white. The upperparts are chestnut brown. The central tail feathers are also chestnut brown and the outer ones brownish black with brownish white tips. The eye is yellow or greenish yellow surrounded by bare red skin. The bill is black and the legs and feet are dull red or pinkish red. The adult female is very similar but duller on the back and breast. The juvenile's forehead, crown, neck, and upper breast are brown with cinnamon markings. Adults of L. l. malae are mostly a darker brown than the nominate and are paler gray on the head and breast. [4]
The nominate subspecies of Azuero dove is found only on Coiba Island off the south-central Panamanian coast. L. l. malae is found on the Pacific slope of west central Panama and Cébaco Island off its shore. It inhabits tall forest and wooded swamps. On the mainland it is mostly found in hilly areas but has a wider elevational range on Coiba. [4]
The Azuero dove forages on the ground, usually in groups of two or three, but little else is known about its feeding habits or diet. [4]
Essentially nothing is known about the Azuero dove's breeding phenology. [4]
The Azuero dove's advertising call is "a repeated single cooing note". [4]
The IUCN has assessed the Azuero dove as Vulnerable. It has a very small and fragmented range and its mainland habitat is shrinking, though on Coiba the habitat is reverting to forest from pasture and agriculture. [1]
The russet-throated puffbird is a species of near-passerine bird in the family Bucconidae, the puffbirds, nunlets, and nunbirds. It is found in Colombia and Venezuela.
The grey-fronted dove is a large New World tropical dove. It is found on Trinidad and in every mainland South American country except Chile.
The bronze-tailed plumeleteer is a species of hummingbird in the "emeralds", tribe Trochilini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is found in Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Nicaragua, and Panama.
The steely-vented hummingbird is a species of hummingbird in the "emeralds", tribe Trochilini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is found in Colombia and Venezuela.
The grey-headed dove (Leptotila plumbeiceps) is a large New World dove. It is found from eastern Mexico to Colombia.
The Coiba spinetail is a member of the family Furnariidae (ovenbirds) that is endemic to Coiba and Ranchería Islands, Panama.
The scaly-breasted hummingbird or scaly-breasted sabrewing is a species of hummingbird in the "emeralds", tribe Trochilini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is found in Belize, Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, and Panama.
The sooty barbthroat is a hummingbird species in the family Trochilidae. It is found in Brazil and French Guiana.
The grey-cheeked nunlet is a species of near-passerine bird in the family Bucconidae, the puffbirds, nunlets, and nunbirds. It is found in Colombia and Panama.
The rusty-breasted nunlet is a species of near-passerine bird in the family Bucconidae, the puffbirds, nunlets, and nunbirds. It is found in Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela, and possibly French Guiana.
The caatinga puffbird is a species of bird in the family Bucconidae, the puffbirds, nunlets, and nunbirds. It is endemic to Brazil.
The pallid dove is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
The spot-winged pigeon is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay.
The long-tailed ground dove is a species of bird in the dove and pigeon family, Columbidae. It is found in Bolivia and Brazil.
The chestnut-headed crake is a species of bird in subfamily Rallinae of family Rallidae, the rails, gallinules, and coots. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
The russet-crowned crake is a species of bird in subfamily Rallinae of family Rallidae, the rails, gallinules, and coots. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, the Guianas, Paraguay, Peru, and Venezuela.
The Colombian crake is a species of bird in the subfamily Rallinae of the rail, crake, and coot family Rallidae. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, and Panama.
The Amazonian trogon, is a near passerine bird in the family Trogonidae, the trogons and quetzals. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.
The Chocó screech owl is a species of owl in the family Strigidae. It is found from central Panama to western Ecuador.
The curve-winged sabrewing is a species of hummingbird in the "emeralds", tribe Trochilini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is endemic to Mexico.
