| Pimplebark | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Ripening fruit | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Malpighiales |
| Family: | Balanopaceae |
| Genus: | Balanops |
| Species: | B. australiana |
| Binomial name | |
| Balanops australiana | |
| Synonyms [2] [3] | |
| |
Balanops australiana, commonly known as pimplebark, is a plant in the family Balanopaceae found only in the coastal regions of northern and central Queensland, Australia.
Balanops australiana is a tree that may grow to be 35 m (115 ft) tall. The trunk is marked with conspicuous pale lenticels which are relatively large, and the roots of mature trees extend horizontally across the ground for some distance. The leaves are obovate to elliptic, are arranged alternately on the twigs and are held on petioles (stalks) between 5 and 10 mm (0.20 and 0.39 in) long. The leaves measure up to 9 cm (3.5 in) long by 5 cm (2.0 in) wide, and are somewhat thickened; the leaf edges are mostly entire (smooth), but small teeth may be present toward the apex. [4] [5] [6]
The flowers are very small — the tepals (collectively, petals and sepals that are difficult to tell apart) are just 2–4 mm (0.08–0.16 in) long. Flowers are either male or female, and both are surrounded by densely hairy bracts. The fruit is a drupe which is obloid in shape (i.e. somewhat like a Rugby ball). It is yellow or orange, contains one or two seeds and measures about 15 mm (0.59 in) long by 8 mm (0.31 in) wide. [4] [5] [6]
Flowering occurs from December to January, and fruit ripen between August and May. [6]
This species was first described in 1877 by the German-born Australian botanist Ferdinand von Mueller, based on a collection made by John Dallachy ad sinum maris (by the bay) at Rockingham Bay. [7]
This species occurs in rainforests of coastal northeastern Queensland, from about Cooktown southwards to about Eungella. It grows on volcanic soils in rainforest, at altitudes from near sea level to about 1,550 m (5,090 ft). [4] [5] [6]
The fruit are eaten by fruit doves (genus Ptilinopus), topknot pigeons (Lopholaimus antarcticus), spotted catbirds (Ailuroedus maculosus), and golden bowerbirds (Prionodura newtoniana). [4] [6]
As of August 2024 [update] , this species has been assessed to be of least concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), and also under the Queensland Government's Nature Conservation Act. [1] [8]
Canarium australianum, commonly known as scrub turpentine, is a species of tree in the family Burseraceae native to Australia and Papua New Guinea. Other common names include mango bark, carrot wood, parsnip wood, Melville Island white beech and brown cudgerie.
Helicia australasica, also known as Austral oak or creek silky oak, is a species of rainforest tree in the macadamia family Proteaceae, native to New Guinea and northern and northeastern Australia.
Semecarpus australiensis, commonly known as the tar tree, native cashew, marking nut, or cedar plum, is a species of tree in the cashew, sumac and mango family Anacardiaceae, native to parts of Melanesia and northern Australia. Contact with the plant can cause serious allergic reactions, a common characteristic of this family.
Carnarvonia araliifolia, commonly known as the red oak, red silky oak, Caledonian oak or elephant's foot, is the sole species in the genus Carnarvonia, a member of the Proteaceae family. It is endemic to the rainforests of northeastern Queensland, Australia.
Dillenia alata, commonly known as red beech, golden guinea flower or golden guinea tree, is a tree in the Dilleniaceae family, found in New Guinea, and the Northern Territory and Queensland in Australia. It has found some popularity as an ornamental for tropical parks and large gardens due to its colourful flowers and fruit.
Goniocheton arborescens, commonly known in Australia as Mossman mahogany, is a small tree in the mahogany family Meliaceae. It is native to rainforests of Malesia, Papuasia, Queensland and nearby islands.
Palaquium galactoxylum, commonly known as Cairns pencil cedar, Daintree maple or red silkwood, is a species of plants in the star apple family Sapotaceae which is endemic to rainforests of New Guinea and northern Australia. It can produce spectacularly large buttress roots.
Atractocarpus hirtus, commonly known as the hairy gardenia or native loquat, is a plant in the coffee family Rubiaceae, a large family of some 6,500 species with a cosmopolitan distribution. This species is endemic to northeastern Queensland, Australia.
Ostrearia is a monotypic genus - i.e. a genus containing only one species - of plants in the witch-hazel family Hamamelidaceae. It is the first described of three monotypic Australian genera in this family, the others being Neostrearia and Noahdendron. It is most closely related to these genera, as well as Trichocladus from southern Africa and Dicoryphe from Madagascar, and together these five genera form a distinct clade within Hamamelidaceae.
Xanthophyllum octandrum, commonly known as Macintyre's boxwood, false jitta, yellow boxwood or sovereignwood, is a slow-growing tree in the milkwort family Polygalaceae which has the potential to reach thousands of years of age. It is endemic to coastal northeastern Queensland, Australia.
Pandanus solms-laubachii, commonly known as the swamp pandan, is a small tree in the family Pandanaceae which occurs in northeastern Queensland and possibly in Papua New Guinea. It is closely related to both Pandanus gemmifer and Pandanus grayorum.
Sterculia shillinglawii, commonly known as tulip sterculia or lacewood, is a tree in the cotton and cocoa family Malvaceae, native to Papuasia and northeastern Australia.
Tetracera daemeliana, commonly known as large-leaved fire vine, is a vine in the guinea flower family Dilleniaceae first described in 1886, which is endemic to the northern half of Queensland, Australia. The flowers are pleasantly perfumed.
Diploglottis diphyllostegia, commonly known as the northern tamarind, native tamarind or wild tamarind, is a tree in the lychee family Sapindaceae which is endemic to Queensland, Australia. It is an attractive tree with potential in cultivation, with a dense crown of dark green leaves and masses of fruit in spring and summer.
Buchanania mangoides, commonly known as plum tree, is a plant in the mango and cashew family Anacardiaceae native to Queensland, Australia. It was first described in 1869.
Cupaniopsis foveolata, commonly known as narrow-leaved tuckeroo, white tamarind or toothed tuckeroo, is a plant in the maple and lychee family Sapindaceae found in eastern Queensland and New South Wales, Australia.
Aceratium megalospermum, commonly known as bolly carabeen, creek aceratium or carabeen, is a plant in the family Elaeocarpaceae found only in the Wet Tropics bioregion of Queensland, Australia.
Monoon michaelii is a plant in the custard apple family Annonaceae found only in a very small part of the Wet Tropics bioregion of Queensland, Australia. It was originally described as Polyalthia michaelii in 1915 and transferred to its current name in 2012.
Myrsine subsessilis, commonly known as red muttonwood, is a plant in the family Primulaceae found only in coastal rainforests of New South Wales and Queensland, Australia.
Cupaniopsis serrata, commonly known as smooth tuckeroo, is a species of flowering plant in the soapberry family and is endemic to eastern Australia. It is a tree with paripinnate leaves with 6 to 12 oblong to egg-shaped leaflets with a pointed tip, and separate male and female flowers arranged in racemes, the fruit a more or less spherical capsule containing a seed with an orange aril.
