Banggai fruit dove

Last updated

Banggai fruit dove
Walik Sulawesi (Walik Malomiti).jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Columbiformes
Family: Columbidae
Genus: Ptilinopus
Species:
P. subgularis
Binomial name
Ptilinopus subgularis

The Banggai fruit dove (Ptilinopus subgularis), also called maroon-chinned fruit dove is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is endemic to the Banggai Islands. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Contents

Description

The Banggai Fruit Dove, or Ptilinopus subgularis, is a large gray and green dove that lives in the Banggai Islands. [1] It is also a species in the bird family Columbidae. The bird's upperparts are forest green like and the bottom fades to a pale gray. It also features a deep red vent on the side, a small maroon chin, and a maroon base accented by the yellow beak. The fruit dove's chest is also buff and flares out slightly. The legs and feet of the bird can range from red to purple-red. There are few differences between the male and female birds, [2] but the females tend to have more green on their necks.

Conservation status

The Banggai Fruit Dove is threatened by habitat loss and is on the endangered species list. As of 2014, there are between 2500-9999 birds left standing. There are limited resources that we have on this bird because it is so rare, however, more research is being done to investigate the lifestyle. [2]

Range

Some of the Banggai Fruit Doves have slight variations. They can have various combinations of their color balance. The pale underside is more magnified in some and not as much in others. [1] However, the maroon colored chin and maroon based yellow beaks are distinguishing factors. These attributes are more limited in range of qualities. In terms of location, the bird is found in select locations in the Indonesian islands, specifically the Banggai Islands.

Taxonomy

Prior to 2014, Ramphiculus subgularis or Ptilinopus subgularis was known as the Maroon-chinned fruit dove, and also encompassed what is now Oberholser's fruit dove (Ptilinopus epia) and the Sula fruit dove (Ptilinopus mangoliensis), following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

Ecology

The ecology of the Banggai Fruit Dove examines how the bird interacts with its surroundings.[ citation needed ]

Vocalization: The song of the Banggai Fruit Dove is known and recognized as a long series of "whoop" notes. There are typically around 20 notes in the series and the call will last for 2.7 seconds. It may be shorter or longer, but when broken down that comes to 0.07 seconds per note. [2]

Diet: The bird is recognized for taking fruits off of branches of trees to gain nutrition and they use their strong beak to crack open hard-shelled fruits.[ citation needed ]

Habitat: Banggai Fruit Doves are arboreal, meaning that they live exclusively in the trees. Because the species is so rare, there is not much information on how they form their shelter. However, a basic platform nest was sited in early May. The nest was a platform consisting of small branches that are found in the montane forest. Montane ecosystems are characterized to be located on the sides of mountains with a correlation between climate and elevation. [3]

Location

They are found in Indonesia and are natural to the Banggai Islands. The birds mainly thrive in the forest regions. Specifically, the subtropical or tropical moist lowlands. [2] However, this environment is degrading and leaving the Banggai Fruit Dove without a home. The cause of this environmental degradation is mainly subject to global climate change. The factors of climate change that are having the greatest impact are earthquakes, droughts, volcanic eruptions, and mudslides.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wallace's fruit dove</span> Species of pigeon endemic to Indonesia

Wallace's fruit dove is a species of a bird in the pigeon family Columbidae. The name commemorates the British naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace. It is a rather large, long-tailed fruit dove with a length of 24–28 cm (9.4–11.0 in) and has been described as "one of the most beautiful" fruit doves. The forehead and crown are dull crimson, the lower face and throat are white, and the rest of the head, breast, neck, and upper back are pale bluish-grey. The wings and lower back are green and the belly is orange, separated from the chest by a white band. Both sexes look similar, but females have less extensive red on the head and a greenish tinge to their grey parts.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Black wood pigeon</span> Species of bird

The black wood pigeon or Japanese wood pigeon is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is found in East Asia along shorelines of the Pacific's Korea Strait, Philippine Sea and East China Sea. It is believed to be the largest representative of the genus, Columba, and has a weight of around 550 grams (1.2 lb) and an overall length of 43 cm (17 in). Its natural habitats are temperate forests and subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. The species is in decline owing to habitat loss, habitat degradation, deforestation and hunting. This wood pigeon is endemic to the laurel forest habitat.

The grey-headed imperial pigeon is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is endemic to Sulawesi in Indonesia. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Makatea fruit dove</span> Species of bird

The Makatea fruit dove is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is endemic to French Polynesia island of Makatea in the Tuamotu Archipelago. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and is also present near villages. This bird is approximately 20 cm tall and has plumage of mostly green feathers with a dark purple crown and forehead, pale greenish-grey throat and chest, cloven lower chest feathers producing rows of shadows that appear as streaks, yellow underparts, tinged orange anteriorly. The bird's wing feathers are edged yellow. While it continues to be threatened by habitat loss, a decrease in mining since the mid 1960s has helped re-vegetation and appears to have stabilized population numbers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Atoll fruit dove</span> Species of bird

The atoll fruit dove is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is endemic to the Tuamotu archipelago in French Polynesia. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and plantations. It is threatened by habitat loss.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Red-naped fruit dove</span> Species of bird

The red-naped fruit dove is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is endemic to Sumba.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">White-headed fruit dove</span> Species of bird endemic to the Solomon Islands

The white-headed fruit dove is a species of bird in the pigeon family Columbidae. It was described by the English ornithologist John Gould in 1856, and the specific name eugeniae honours the French empress Eugénie de Montijo. Adults of the species have white heads, a purplish-red breast patch, a grey shoulder patch, olive-green upperparts, greenish underparts with a blue tinge, and a yellowish vent. Juveniles have green heads with the white restricted to the forehead and upper throat, a much smaller grey shoulder patch, and the red breast patch restricted to the centre of the breast.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Grey-headed fruit dove</span> Species of bird

The grey-headed fruit dove or gray-headed fruit dove is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is endemic to the northern Moluccas.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Flame-breasted fruit dove</span> Species of bird

The flame-breasted fruit dove is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is endemic to the Philippines only being found in the mountains of Luzon.This is a large dove reaching 42 cm long, being the largest fruit dove in the country and rivalling the size of Imperial pigeons. It is identified with its red hood, black wings with a red patch on its secondaries and its unmistakable flame-coloured breast. Its natural habitats are in upper areas of the tropical moist lowland forest and in mid to upper montane forest. It is threatened by habitat loss, poaching for the pet trade and hunting for food.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Many-colored fruit dove</span> Species of bird

The many-colored fruit dove, also known as manuma in the Samoan language, is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It occurs on islands in the south-west Pacific Ocean where it is found in Fiji, the Samoan Islands, and Tonga. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. Today, the birds are most often found in Fiji and Tonga. It usually feeds high in the canopy on fruit and berries, especially banyan fig. The nest is a small platform of twigs where one white egg is laid.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Crimson-crowned fruit dove</span> Species of bird

The crimson-crowned fruit dove, also the Tongan fruit dove or purple-capped fruit dove, is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is found in American Samoa, Fiji, Marshall Islands, Niue, Samoa, Tonga, and Wallis and Futuna Islands. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest and subtropical or tropical mangrove forest.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Grey-green fruit dove</span> Species of bird

The grey-green fruit dove is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is endemic to the Society Islands in French Polynesia. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">White-bibbed fruit dove</span> Species of bird

The white-bibbed fruit dove is a species of bird in the family Columbidae.

Oberholser's fruit dove is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It was formerly named P. epius, but it has since been revised to the earlier name P. gularis. It is endemic to Sulawesi. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.

The Tanna fruit dove is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is endemic to Vanuatu.

The Sula fruit dove is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is endemic to the Sula Islands. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Purple-capped fruit dove</span> Species of bird

The purple-capped fruit dove or Pohnpei fruit dove, is a species of bird in the family Columbidae found on Chuuk and Pohnpei in the Caroline Islands. It was formerly considered as a subspecies of the crimson-crowned fruit dove. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical mangrove forests.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fruit dove</span> Genus of birds

The fruit doves, also known as fruit pigeons, are a genus (Ptilinopus) of birds in the pigeon and dove family (Columbidae). These colourful, frugivorous doves are found in forests and woodlands in Southeast Asia and Oceania. It is a large genus with over 50 species, some threatened or already extinct.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Raiatea fruit dove</span> Subspecies of bird

The Raiatea fruit dove is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is endemic to the Society Islands in French Polynesia. Although first named to science in 1853, this fruit dove was evidently discovered 30 years earlier, by René Primevère Lesson (1794–1849), while serving as naturalist aboard La Coquille. It was formerly considered a subspecies of the grey-green fruit dove but was split as a distinct species by the IOC in 2021. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Geelvink fruit dove</span> Species of bird

The Geelvink fruit dove is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is native to several islands, including Biak, Supiori, Numfor, and the smaller Padaido Islands, collectively known as the Schouten or Geelvink Islands, which lie north of New Guinea.

References

  1. 1 2 "Banggai Fruit-Dove - eBird". ebird.org. Retrieved 2022-12-07.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Baptista, Luis F.; Trail, Pepper W.; Horblit, H. M.; Kirwan, Guy M.; Garcia, Ernest (2020). "Banggai Fruit-Dove (Ptilinopus subgularis), version 1.0". Birds of the World. doi:10.2173/bow.macfrd3.01.
  3. "Help End Extreme Housing Poverty". Habitat for Humanity GB. Retrieved 2022-12-07.