Banksia stuposa

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Banksia stuposa
Banksia stuposa-4.JPG
At Boyagin Rock Nature Reserve
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Proteales
Family: Proteaceae
Genus: Banksia
Subgenus: Banksia subg. Banksia
Series: Banksia ser. Dryandra
Species:
B. stuposa
Binomial name
Banksia stuposa
Synonyms [1]
  • Dryandra stuposaLindl.
  • Dryandra stupposa F.Muell. orth. var.
  • Josephia stuposa(Lindl.) Kuntze
  • Josephia stupposaKuntze orth. var.
Distribution of B. stuposa Banksia stuposa map.png
Distribution of B. stuposa

Banksia stuposa is a species of shrub that is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. It has hairy stems, broadly linear pinnatifid leaves, golden yellow and white flowers in heads of one hundred or more, and hairy, egg-shaped follicles.

Contents

Description

Banksia stuposa grows as a shrub up to 3 m (9.8 ft) high, without forming a lignotuber. It has broadly linear, pinnatifid leathery, bluish leaves, 50–150 mm (2.0–5.9 in) long and 7–14 mm (0.28–0.55 in) wide, on a petiole 5 to 8 millimetres (0.2 to 0.3 in) long on a petiole 5–8 mm (0.20–0.31 in) long. There are between fifteen and thirty triangular lobes on each side of the leaves. The flowers are golden yellow and white, arranged in heads of between 100 and 130 either terminally on a branch, or on short lateral branchlets. There are lance-shaped to egg-shaped, silky-hairy involucral bracts up to 15 mm (0.59 in) long at the base of the head. The perianth is 30–40 mm (1.2–1.6 in) long and the pistil 35–50 mm (1.4–2.0 in) long. Flowering occurs from January to May or from July to December and the fruit is an egg-shaped follicle 9–11 mm (0.35–0.43 in) long. [2] [3] [4] [5] [6]

Taxonomy and naming

This species was first described in 1840 by John Lindley in A Sketch of the Vegetation of the Swan River Colony and was given the name Dryandra stuposa, from specimens collected in the 1830s by James Drummond. [7] [8]

No etymology was given, but it is now accepted that it comes from the Latin stupposus ("covered with coarse, matted hairs"), in reference to the silky-woolly hairs on the involucral bracts. Lindley's dropping of a p from the name appears to have been a spelling error on his part, as he dropped the same p from stupposo in the Latin description. [5] Lindley also did not specify his type material, but most of A Sketch of the Vegetation of the Swan River Colony is based upon the collections of Drummond. [8]

A number of early publications took the liberty of correcting Lindley's spelling by referring to the species as D. stupposa. George Bentham did so in his 1870 Flora Australiensis , for example. [9] So too did Otto Kuntze in 1891, when he made an unsuccessful attempt to transfer Dryandra to the older name Josephia, in the process publishing the name Josephia stupposa (Lindl.) Kuntze. [10] Dryandra was retained, however, and in modern times the original orthography of the specific name has been restored.

In 1996, Alex George published a thorough revision of Dryandra and placed D. stuposa in D. subg. Dryandra, series Dryandra, along with D. formosa (showy dryandra) and D. nobilis (golden dryandra), with the latter considered this species' closest relative. [2] [11] This arrangement stood until 2007, when the genus Dryandra was transferred into Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele, [12] resulting in the publication of the current name for this species, Banksia stuposa (Lindl.) A.R.Mast & K.R.Thiele. [13] As an interim measure, Mast and Thiele placed all the Dryandra species in B. ser. Dryandra. [12]

Distribution and habitat

Banksia stuposa occurs between York and Broomehill, in the Avon Wheatbelt and Jarrah Forest biogeographic regions of the Southwest Botanic Province. It grows on lateritic soils amongst mallee-kwongan or eucalypt woodland. [4]

Use in horticulture

Despite having large and attractive yellow flowers, many of which are terminal, this species is not often cultivated. It requires a well-drained heavy soil, and prefers full sun, although it will tolerate part shade. It is hardy to drought and frost-resistant to −7 °C (19 °F), and responds well to pruning. In cultivation it rarely reaches 2 metres (7 ft) high, and is short-lived. Propagation is by seed; seed takes around six weeks to germinate, with a germination success rate of about 70%. [5]

Related Research Articles

<i>Banksia calophylla</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

Banksia calophylla is a species of shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has a fire-tolerant, underground stem, pinnatifid leaves that have woolly hairs on the lower surface and heads of thirty to forty-five yellowish brown flowers surrounded by hairy bracts.

<i>Banksia columnaris</i> Species of shrub in Western Australia

Banksia columnaris is a species of column-like shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has pinnatifid leaves with between five and eighteen lobes on each side, heads of pale yellow to purple flowers and usually only one or two follicles forming in each head.

Banksia densa is a species of column-like shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has deeply serrated to pinnatifid leaves, creamy yellow flowers in heads of up to seventy-five, and hairy follicles.

Banksia epimicta is a species of prostrate shrub that is endemic to a small area in the south-west of Western Australia. It has crowded, sharply pointed pinnatifid leaves, large heads of unpleasantly scented, creamy white and pale yellow flowers and a small number of follicles.

Banksia fasciculata is a species of column-shaped shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has hairy stems, crowded, prickly leaves, yellow flowers and hairy fruit.

<i>Banksia rufa</i> Species of prostrate shrub

Banksia rufa is a species of prostrate shrub that is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has broadly linear, pinnatifid or pinnatipartite leaves with between five and twenty lobes on each side, yellow, orange or brownish flowers in heads of forty or more, and glabrous, egg-shaped follicles.

Banksia foliolata is a species of shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has hairy stems, pinnatifid leaves, heads of about sixty cream-coloured and maroon flowers and oblong to elliptical follicles. It grows on rocky slopes in dense shrubland in the Stirling Range National Park.

Banksia foliosissima is a species of erect shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has densely crowded, pinnatifid leaves, golden yellow flowers in heads of up to one hundred, and egg-shaped follicles. It is only known from two small areas in the south-west of the state.

<i>Banksia hirta</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

Banksia hirta is a species of shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has hairy stems, deeply serrated leaves, pale yellow flowers in heads of about one hundred and shining follicles. It is restricted to the Stirling Range National Park.

<i>Banksia horrida</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

Banksia horrida, commonly known as prickly dryandra, is a species of shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has hairy stems, linear, pinnatifid leaves with sharply pointed teeth on the edges, up to sixty cream-coloured flowers in each head and hairy, egg-shaped follicles.

Banksia idiogenes is a species of tufted shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has hairy stems, deeply pinnatifid leaves, distinctive, scented, red and white flowers in heads of about eighty, later several glabrous, egg-shaped follicles in each head.

Banksia ionthocarpa is a species of shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has short, hairy, prostrate stems, pinnatifid leaves, pinkish purple to orange flower in heads of between forty and sixty at the base of leaves, and egg-shaped follicles with a distinctive tuft of hairs on the end.

<i>Banksia mucronulata</i> Species of shrub in Western Australia

Banksia mucronulata, commonly known as swordfish dryandra, is a species of shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has spreading, hairy stems, linear, deeply pinnatifid leaves with sharply-pointed lobes, pale yellow to cream-coloured flowers in heads of between 80 and 180, and egg-shaped follicles.

<i>Banksia nobilis</i> Species of shrub in Western Australia

Banksia nobilis, commonly known as the golden dryandra, great dryandra or kerosene bush, is a shrub of the family Proteaceae which is endemic to Western Australia. It occurs on lateritic rises from Eneabba to Katanning in the state's Southwest Botanic Province. With large pinnatifid leaves with triangular lobes, and a golden or reddish pink inflorescence, it is a popular garden plant. It was known as Dryandra nobilis until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele. There are two subspecies, B. nobilis subsp. nobilis and B. nobilis subsp. fragrans.

<i>Banksia obtusa</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to the south-west of Western Australia

Banksia obtusa, commonly known as shining honeypot, is a species of shrub that is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has underground stems, linear pinnatifid leaves with triangular lobes on each side, cream-coloured to yellow flowers in heads of up to seventy, surrounded by dark reddish bracts and egg-shaped follicles.

Banksia acuminata is a rare prostrate shrub endemic to south-west Western Australia. It was published in 1848 as Dryandra preissii, but transferred into Banksia as B. acuminata in 2007.

Banksia shanklandiorum is a species of dense shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has hairy stems, pinnatipartite to pinnatisect leaves with sharply-pointed lobes, pink to gold-coloured flowers in heads of about 100, and egg-shaped follicles.

<i>Banksia shuttleworthiana</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

Banksia shuttleworthiana, commonly known as bearded dryandra, is a species of low, spreading shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has thin, woolly-hairy stems, linear pinnatisect leaves, creamy brown to purplish flowers in heads of about forty and later, only a few egg-shaped follicles in each head.

Banksia tortifolia is a small, spreading, prostrate shrub that is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. It has short underground stems, pinnatipartite leaves with sharply-pointed, linear lobes on each side, greenish-cream, yellow and pink flowers in heads of about eighty, and glabrous, egg-shaped follicles.

<i>Banksia vestita</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

Banksia vestita, commonly known as summer dryandra, is a species of shrub that is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. It has broadly linear, pinnatifid leaves with sharply pointed teeth on both sides, yellow flowers in heads of between thirty and forty, and broadly egg-shaped follicles.

References

  1. 1 2 "Banksia stuposa". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 6 June 2020.
  2. 1 2 George, Alex S. (1999). Flora of Australia (PDF). Vol. 17B. Canberra: Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra. p. 296. Retrieved 6 June 2020.
  3. ↑ "Banksia stuposa". FloraBase . Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
  4. 1 2 "Dryandra stuposa Lindl". Flora of Australia Online. Department of the Environment and Heritage, Australian Government.
  5. 1 2 3 Cavanagh, Tony; Pieroni, Margaret (2006). The Dryandras. Melbourne: Australian Plants Society (SGAP Victoria); Perth: Wildflower Society of Western Australia. ISBN   1-876473-54-1.
  6. ↑ George, Alex S. (1999). Flora of Australia (PDF). Vol. 17B. Canberra: Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra. p. 296. Retrieved 6 June 2020.
  7. ↑ "Dryandra stuposa". APNI. Retrieved 6 June 2020.
  8. 1 2 Lindley, John (1840). A Sketch of the Vegetation of the Swan River Colony. London: James Ridgway. p. xxxiii. Retrieved 6 June 2020.
  9. ↑ Bentham, George; von Mueller, Ferdinand (1870). Flora Australiensis (Volume 5). Vol. v. 5. London: Lovell Reeve & Co. p. 572. Retrieved 6 June 2020.
  10. ↑ Kuntze, Otto (1891). Revisio generum plantarum. Vol. v.2. Leipzig. p. 578. Retrieved 6 June 2020.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  11. ↑ George, Alex (1996). "New taxa and a new infrageneric classification in Dryandra R.Br. (Proteaceae : Grevilleoideae)". Nuytsia. 10 (3): 325. doi:10.58828/nuy00235. S2CID   92008567 . Retrieved 6 June 2020.
  12. 1 2 Mast, Austin R.; Thiele, Kevin (2007). "The transfer of Dryandra R.Br. to Banksia L.f. (Proteaceae)". Australian Systematic Botany . 20: 63–71. doi:10.1071/SB06016.
  13. ↑ "Banksia stuposa". APNI. Retrieved 6 June 2020.
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