Battery Street Historic District | |
Location | Roughly bounded by Lake Champlain, Main, Maple, and St. Pauls Sts. (both sides), Burlington, Vermont |
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Coordinates | 44°28′29″N73°13′5″W / 44.47472°N 73.21806°W |
Area | 35 acres (14 ha) (original) |
Built | 1790 |
Architectural style | Greek Revival, Federal, Late Victorian |
NRHP reference No. | 77000098 [1] (original) 84003459 (increase 1) 14000451 (increase 2) |
Significant dates | |
Added to NRHP | November 2, 1977 |
Boundary increases | June 28, 1984 July 24, 2014 |
The Battery Street Historic District encompasses one of the oldest developed areas of Burlington, Vermont. With a history dating to 1790, this area, south of downtown Burlington and initially bounded roughly by Main, St. Paul, and Maple Streets, and Lake Champlain, this area includes a mix of residential, commercial, and industrial uses, with architecture spanning from its early period to the 20th century, including one of the city's oldest houses. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977, and has twice been enlarged, extending west to South Union Street. [1]
[2] The city of Burlington, Vermont, its largest municipality, was officially chartered in the year 1765. Early settlement activities commenced during the 1770s. However, substantial development in the region faced delays due to the tumultuous period of the American Revolutionary War. The area located to the south of what now constitutes the downtown district emerged as an early hub of commerce. Notably, it was at the residence of Gideon King, a historical structure still standing on King Street, where the city's founders meticulously planned and laid out its initial street grid. The wharves along Lake Champlain were under the control of King, and this locale has consistently served as a pivotal center for commerce and transportation. It has adapted over time, transitioning from water-based transport to rail-based, and subsequently to truck-based transportation. The territory situated east of King's wharf and south of Main Street evolved into a vital support area for transportation. It featured warehouses for the storage of goods awaiting shipment and accommodated light industrial activities, including the production of items such as paper tubes and boxes. Additionally, the waterfront area housed Burlington's sole shipyard. Further inland regions witnessed residential development but have now evolved into a diverse mix of land uses.[2]
When initially listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977, this historic district extended eastward from Lake Champlain to St. Paul Street and southward from Main Street (with some exceptions for Main Street addresses) to Maple Street. In 1984, the district underwent substantial expansion to include a predominantly residential area spanning four square blocks, roughly bounded by King Street, South Union Street, Adams Street, and St. Paul Street. Another significant expansion in 2014 incorporated addresses on Pine Street located to the south of Maple Street.[4]
Burlington is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Vermont and the seat of Chittenden County. It is located 45 miles (72 km) south of the Canada–United States border and 95 miles (153 km) south of Montreal. As of the 2020 U.S. census, the population was 44,743. It is the least populous city in the 50 U.S. states to be the most populous city in its state.
Interstate 189 (I-189) is an auxiliary Interstate Highway in Chittenden County, Vermont. The spur extends for 1.49 miles (2.40 km) from I-89 exit 13 in South Burlington to US Route 7 (US 7) at the Burlington city limit. I-189 is the only auxiliary route of I-89 and the only auxiliary Interstate Highway in Vermont.
Burlington Union Station is a train station and office building located in downtown Burlington, Vermont, United States. It is the northern terminal of the Amtrak Ethan Allen Express service. A single side platform on the west side of the station serves Vermont Railway excursion trains and Amtrak trains. The symmetrical Beaux Arts building, built of buff brick with limestone and granite trim, has a central pilaster over two entrances. The main building is divided for use by a variety of tenants.
The Bellows Falls Neighborhood Historic District encompasses a residential area of the village of Bellows Falls, Vermont. Located south of downtown Bellows Falls, the area has one of the largest concentrations of well-preserved 19th century residences in southern Vermont. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002, and enlarged in 2007.
The George–Pine–Henry Historic District encompasses a residential area of the village of Bellows Falls, Vermont. Located west of downtown Bellows Falls, the area has a significant concentration of well-preserved late 19th and early 20th-century residences. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.
The Rutland Courthouse Historic District encompasses an architecturally cohesive area of civic and residential buildings in Rutland, Vermont. Roughly bounded by Court, Washington, South Main, and West Streets, the district was principally developed between 1850 and 1875, and includes a number of prominent municipal and county buildings, including the Rutland County courthouse, the Rutland Free Library, and the Grace Congregational United Church. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.
The Vergennes Residential Historic District encompasses a neighborhood south of downtown Vergennes, Vermont that encapsulates an architectural cross-section of the city's 19th and early 20th-century residential history. Set on Water, Maple, and Green Streets, it includes houses built and occupied by a diversity of the city's economic classes, from mill owners to laborers. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.
The Buell Street–Bradley Street Historic District encompasses a small residential area just to the east of downtown Burlington, Vermont. Roughly bounded by Pearl, South Willard, and College Streets, and Orchard Terrace, the area was developed between about 1890 and 1910, representing one of the last significant neighborhoods built up near the downtown area. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.
The Burlington Breakwater is a breakwater providing shelter to the harbor of Burlington, Vermont from the open waters of Lake Champlain. It was built in several stages between 1836 and 1890, and is a rare example of a 19th-century timber-cribbed stone breakwater. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.
The City Hall Park Historic District encompasses one of the central economic, civic, and public spaces of the city of Burlington, Vermont. Centered on City Hall Park, the area's architecture encapsulates the city's development from a frontier town to an urban commercial center. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.
The William Fitzgerald Block is a historic mixed-use commercial and residential building at 57-63 North Champlain Street in Burlington, Vermont. Built about 1887, it is a well-preserved example of a period neighborhood store with residences above. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2012.
The Mad River Valley Rural Historic District encompasses a large rural landscape in northern Waitsfield and southern Moretown, Vermont. Encompassing some 1,400 acres (570 ha) of bottom lands on either side of the Mad River, the area has seen active agricultural use since the late 18th century, and retains a number of mid-19th century farmsteads. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.
The Lakeside Development, or the Lakeside Historic District, encompasses a historic company-built residential development in southern Burlington, Vermont. Isolated between the Vermont Railway railroad line and Lake Champlain and accessible only via Lakeside Avenue off Pine Street, the area was developed between about 1894 and 1910 by the Queen City Cotton Company, whose mill complex stood just to the east of the railroad line. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.
The Main Street–College Street Historic District encompasses a historically fashionable residential area of Burlington, Vermont. Principally located along Main and College Streets between South Winooski and South Williams Streets, the area was one of the city's most exclusive residential areas from the early 19th century to the early 20th century, and includes a diversity of high quality architecture from that period. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.
The North Street Historic District encompasses the traditional commercial area serving the residential Old North End neighborhood of Burlington, Vermont. It extends for ten blocks along North Street between North Avenue and North Winooski Avenue, and has served as the neighborhood's commercial center for over 150 years. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.
The Pearl Street Historic District of Burlington, Vermont encompasses part of the city's first major east-west transportation arteries, which developed from a fashionable residential area in the early 19th century to its present mixed use. It contains one of the city's highest concentrations of early Federal period architecture, as well as a number of fine Queen Anne and Colonial Revival houses. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.
The South Union Street Historic District encompasses a historic 19th-century residential neighborhood for the upper middle class in Burlington, Vermont. Developed along South Union Street between Main and Howard Streets, South Union grew between about 1835 and 1938 as a popular area for well-to-do yet middle class Burlingtonians, affording views of Lake Champlain to the west. The architecturally diverse district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.
The South Willard Street Historic District encompasses what was once the most fashionable residential area of Burlington, Vermont. Located along South Willard Street between Pearl and Beech Streets, the architecturally heterogeneous area was in the 19th century home to major estates of the city's business leaders, and has since been infilled with a variety of late 19th and early 20th century architecture. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.
The Newport Downtown Historic District encompasses most of the historic downtown area of the city of Newport, Vermont. The city developed as a transit hub and tourist area in the second half of the 19th century, spurred by the construction of a railroad to the area. The district, roughly bounded by Third Street, Coventry Street, and Lake Memphremagog, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.
The Pine Street Industrial Historic District encompasses a collection of maritime industrial buildings and archaeological sites in southern Burlington, Vermont. The district includes buildings across nearly 100 years, encompassing the development and decline of the area, which served as a major railroad and shipping terminus from the mid-19th to mid-20th centuries. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.