Battle of Bani Walid

Last updated

Battle of Bani Walid
Part of 2011 Libyan Civil War
VOA Arrott - Bani Walid siege begins in Libya - 03.jpg
Fighters arrive from around the region to join the NTC push into Bani Walid
Date8–30 September 2011
(3 weeks and 1 day) (First phase)
9–17 October 2011
(1 week and 1 day) (Second phase)
Location
Bani Walid, Libya
Result

Pro-Gaddafi victory (First phase)
Anti-Gaddafi victory (Second phase)

Contents

Belligerents

Flag of Libya (1951-1969).svg National Transitional Council

Flag of NATO.svg NATO command [1]

Flag of Libya (1977-2011).svg Gaddafi Loyalists

Commanders and leaders
Flag of Libya (1951-1969).svg Daou al-Salhine al-Jadak   † [2]
Flag of Libya (1951-1969).svg Musa Yunis [3] 		Flag of Libya (1977-2011).svg Saif al-Islam Gaddafi [4]
Strength
5,000 fighters [5]
150 technicals 		2,000 fighters [6]
Several dozen technicals and BM-21 Grad launchers [7] [8]
Casualties and losses
85–91 killed [9]
215–231 wounded [10] 		7–9 killed (In September, October casualties unknown) [11]
315–317 captured (NTC claim) [12]
19–22 civilians killed [13]

The Battle of Bani Walid was a military operation in the Libyan Civil War conducted by anti-Gaddafi forces in September and October 2011, in an effort to take control of the desert city of Bani Walid from pro-Gaddafi forces. It began following days of force buildup on the part of the attackers, as well as skirmishes around the city.

Background

Following the collapse of loyalist forces in Zawiya, Zliten and finally Tripoli in mid to late August, NLA forces advanced southwards from Misrata and Tarhuna towards the apparent pro-Gaddafi stronghold of Bani Walid.

Advance

3 September

Negotiations between representatives of the National Transitional Council, and tribal leaders from Bani Walid broke down. NLA fighters armed with heavy machine guns and anti-aircraft guns advanced from Tarhuna towards Bani Walid after negotiations appeared to have failed. [14]

4 September

NLA forces were 60 km from the city, according to the NTC. [15]

5 September

The NTC announced that "the door is still open for negotiations", referring to attempts to get Bani Walid to surrender to NLA forces peacefully. It was reported that NLA units were only 40 km from the city.

6 September

The NTC claimed that negotiations had been resumed over Bani Walid, although there was some confusion in NTC/NLA ranks over the actual outcome, as loyalist elements in the city tried to block negotiations, fearing reprisals. [16]

7 September

Tribal representatives from Bani Walid, who had been negotiating with the NTC, were shot at by diehard loyalists in the city as they returned, prompting NLA forces to prepare for an attack on the town itself. It was also reported that Col. Gaddafi and his sons, Saif al-Islam, Hannibal, and Mutassim, had passed through Bani Walid on their way south. [17]

Battle

Loyalists fire the first shots

8 September

Gaddafi claimed that Bani Walid would never surrender, in an audio message aired on Syrian TV, and urged his people to continue the fight. [18] Loyalist troops fired missiles, which landed in Wadi Dinar, about 20 km from Bani Walid. [19]

NTC offensive repelled

9 September

The National Liberation Army said its fighters had entered Bani Walid from the north and east, penetrating to within two kilometres of the city centre, [20] and heavy street fighting was underway. The offensive apparently began in response to a Grad rocket barrage against besieging anti-Gaddafi forces originating from within the city. [8] [20]

Anti-Gaddafi troops said they had lost at least one fighter in a skirmish on the outskirts of the city, also claiming they had killed two pro-Gaddafi soldiers and captured ten. [21]

Al Jazeera reported unconfirmed allegations that anti-Gaddafi dissidents within the city were rising up in an effort to expel pro-Gaddafi elements, but stressed it could not corroborate the claims. [22]

10 September

Opposition forces withdrew from the city, after encountering much fiercer resistance than they expected and suffering heavy casualties, [23] in anticipation of NATO air-strikes on loyalist positions. [24] [25] The rebels had fallen back a full 40 kilometres from the city. [26] However, NTC negotiators and field commanders said that they did not intend to enter the city the previous day, and that the incursion into the town was a result of anti-Gaddafi forces engaging in skirmishes with loyalist snipers placed in the city. The NTC ceasefire had not yet expired when the fighting occurred, and opposition fighters outside the city wanted to give anti-Gaddafi residents a chance to stage an uprising. The main attack, they said, was yet to come. [27]

Later during the day, a renewed assault was launched after anti-Gaddafi forces received reinforcements, with rebels saying that they had taken the northern gate to the city and met up with local resistance fighters. Unconfirmed reports of loyalist reinforcements prompted opposition forces to increase their numbers to put increased pressure on the loyalist-held city. [27]

The pro-Gaddafi forces in Bani Walid were reported to include members of the Legion Thoria, a part of Gaddafi's secret police, as well as members of the elite Khamis Brigade [28] [29] and mercenaries from Darfur, according to opponents of the old regime. [30]

11 September

Large numbers of anti-Gaddafi reinforcements arrived and massed outside the city gates. [31] Opposition forces had pushed once again into the city, and by dusk, residents and anti-Gaddafi fighters claimed that Bani Walid was largely under anti-Gaddafi control, with loyalist holdouts concentrated in the souq at the city centre. Meanwhile, a local pro-Gaddafi radio station broadcast a call to arms urging the city's inhabitants to join forces against the former rebels. [32]

12 September

Residents, who were evacuating from the city, stated that rebel forces had only managed to reach the northern outskirts of the town and were still a full 10 kilometers from the city center, contradicting earlier opposition claims of major advances. It also surfaced that, the day before, some rebels had in fact needed to pull back from Bani Walid due to inter-factional tensions among various opposition groups. [33]

14 September

Due to the threat of a major battle occurring in the city, as well as fuel and food shortages, refugees began to stream out of Bani Walid, following NTC demands for civilians to evacuate the city. NTC officials said over radio broadcasts that Bani Walid would face a full-scale attack within two days. [34] Anti Gaddafi forces said they were prepared to use heavy weapons to take the city, due to Gaddafi loyalists having already deployed their own heavy weapons. [35]

16 September

NTC forces were reported to have streamed towards Bani Walid, with orders to take the city from Gaddafi loyalists in a major push. [36] However, later in the day, Reuters reported that they were retreating following heavy resistance from the loyalist forces. [37]

18 September

Reuters reported fighters on pickup trucks launched another attack on the city. [38] But, later in the day, NTC forces fled the city in another chaotic retreat after their assault was repelled. [39]

Stalemate

19 September

Two Turkish C-130 Hercules cargo aircraft dropped humanitarian aid for the residents of Bani Walid. One of the aircraft came under attack from the ground while flying over the city. [40]

21 September

NTC fighters moved tanks into the area, while boredom was rampant among opposition fighters at the frontline resulting in several deaths among fighters who were mishandling their weapons. [41]

24 September

Opposition forces claimed that 30 NTC fighters were killed and another 50 were wounded since the start of the battle, [42] but other reports put the number closer to 40 dead and more than 120 wounded.

Loyalist counter-attack

27 September

Opposition forces retreated from some of the parts of Bani Walid they previously held due to intense loyalist fire. [43]

28 September

During an artillery barrage on the opposition troops the top rebel commander leading the battle for Bani Walid, commander Daou al-Salhine al-Jadak, was killed along with 10 other fighters. [2] [44] [45]

30 September

Heavy loyalist shelling hit opposition lines west and south of the city. One NTC field commander stated that the attacks were the most intense since the start of the battle. [46]

Failed attack on the airport

9 October

An NTC spokesman reported its forces had captured the villages of Teninai and Shuwaikh, 32 kilometres (20 mi) south, and the Bani Walid airport on the western edge of the town. [47]

10 October

Just a day after the opposition captured the airport, the loyalists took it back, killing 17 NTC fighters and wounding 80. [48]

Fifth attack and takeover

15 October

NTC forces claimed that their forces managed to capture the hospital and the industrial area and had moved into the market area where their progress was stalled by snipers. They also claimed to have surrounded loyalist forces in the "Olive Tree" region where the loyalists were running out of ammunition. [49]

16 October

The opposition claimed that they had moved even further, allegedly taking control over the center of Bani Walid and the northern part, while loyalist forces were claimed by the opposition to be stationed in the Dahra district, in southern Bani Walid. At the end of the day Mahmoud Tawfiq, a spokesman of the southern front in Bani Walid, said to Xinhua, that fighters from the southern front entered the center of the city and were expecting to meet with units from the east and west on 17 October, while Salah Matouk, a field commander at Bani Walid, told local channel Liberal that the Bani Walid battle had been resolved completely in favor of the NTC fighters, who were waiting for the next morning to start the mopping-up operations. None of the NTC claims from the previous two days were by this point independently verified. [50] [51] [52] The overall commander of opposition troops at Bani Walid, Musa Yunis, only stated during the evening that combat operations at the city had resumed and that they had advanced from the northern and southern front. [3] BBC news and AFP reiterated that the extent of the rebel advance into the city remained unclear and unverified and an NTC commander said that their forces had been in the town in the afternoon, after they attacked during the morning, but that they encountered heavy resistance. [53] Reuters reported that the opposition advance into Bani Walid had been hindered by snipers. [54]

17 October

Anti-Gaddafi fighters celebrate victory on 17 October 2011 NTC fighters claim Bani Walid.jpg
Anti-Gaddafi fighters celebrate victory on 17 October 2011

By 17 October, anti-Gaddafi fighters claimed to have moved into the town and made significant advances. [8] Anti-Gaddafi forces seized the local radio station, which Gaddafi had been using to help broadcast messages in the past few weeks. [55] By mid-afternoon, an Al Jazeera correspondent reported that the transitional government's fighters had captured the city, though they claimed there were still some small pockets of resistance to be dealt with. [56] By the end of the day, Reuters correspondents in the city confirmed that there were no signs of fighting in the city, while the new Libyan flag was hoisted in the central square and a local commander announced that his forces had taken control of the whole city. [57] It was later reported that the quick takeover of Bani Walid, following more than a month of heavy fighting and a prolonged stalemate, was the result of a negotiated surrender by the loyalist forces. [58]

19 October

A South African bodyguard claimed to have seen Saif al-Islam Gaddafi escape the city even though his motorcade had been hit by a NATO air strike. [59]

Aftermath

A low-level insurgency in and around Bani Walid persisted even after the official end of the war on 23 October 2011, though it was unclear if either the Warfalla fighters loyal to Gaddafi or the NTC forces garrisoning the town suffered any casualties. Reuters reported many residents were upset over the level of damage and looting in Bani Walid and blamed the new Libyan authorities. [60]

On 23 January 2012, around 100–150 local fighters attacked the main NTC army base in Bani Walid, killing 4 former rebels and wounding 20 others. [61]

NATO Strikes

NATO Strikes: 24 August – 17 October
DateVehicles Tanks Missiles and Missile Launchers Buildings
24 August [62] 001 Anti Tank Rifle0
27 August [63] 0001 Military Supply Storage
29 August [64] 0002 Command and Control Nodes, 1 Military Ammo Storage Facility
30 August [65] 003 Surface to Surface Missile Launchers1 Military Ammo Storage Facility, 1 Military Tank/Multiple Rocket Launcher Storage Facility, 1 Military Facility
31 August [66] 0001 Ammo Storage Facility, 1 Command and Control Node
1 September [67] 1 Armed Vehicle001 Ammo Storage Facility
2 September [68] 0001 Military Vehicle Storage Facility
3 September [69] 0001 Ammo Storage Facility
8 September [70] 0001 Surface to Surface Missile Storage Facility
9 September [71] 1 Armed Vehicle000
10 September [72] 2 Armed Vehicles11 Multiple Rocket Launcher0
14 September [73] 2 Armed Vehicles000
19 September [74] 0001 Command and Control Node
22 September [75] 0001 Ammunition Storage and Military Barracks Facility
26 September [76] 0002 Bunkers/Command and Control Nodes, 1 Firing Point
29 September [77] 001 Multiple Rocket Launcher1 Ammunition Storage Facility
1 October [78] 0001 Multiple Rocket Launcher Firing Point, 1 Ammunition Storage Facility
4 October [79] 0001 Command and Control Node
5 October [80] 0006 Command and Control Nodes, 1 Military Installation, 1 Military Staging Location
6 October [81] 0100
9 October [82] 3 Armed Vehicles000
10 October [83] 0002 Ammunition and Vehicle Storage Facilities, 1 Missile Storage Facility
11 October [84] 6 Military Vehicles000
12 October [85] 1 Military Vehicle000
13 October [86] 4 Military Vehicles01 Multiple Rocket Launcher0
14 October [87] 1 Military Vehicle000
17 October [88] 9 Military Vehicles001 Command and Control Node
Total302735

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bani Walid</span> City in Bani Walid, Libya

Bani Walid is a city in Libya located in the Misrata District. Prior to 2007, it was the capital of Sof-Aljeen District. Bani Walid has an airport. Under the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, it was divided into two Basic People's Congresses: Dahra – Bani Walid, and Zaytouna – Bani Walid.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Timeline of the 2011 Libyan Civil War and military intervention (16 August – 23 October)</span>

The Libyan Civil War began on 17 February 2011 as a civil protest and later evolved into a widespread uprising. By mid-August, anti-Gaddafi forces effectively supported by a NATO-led international coalition were ascendant in Tripolitania, breaking out of the restive Nafusa Mountains in the south to mount an offensive toward the coast and advancing from Misrata on loyalist-held cities and villages from the north and east.

Khamis Gaddafi was the seventh and youngest son of former Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi, and the military commander in charge of the Khamis Brigade of the Libyan Army. He was part of his father's inner circle. During the Libyan Civil War in 2011, he was a major target for opposition forces trying to overthrow his father.

The Fourth Battle of Brega was a battle in July and August 2011, during the Libyan Civil War, between forces loyal to Muammar Gaddafi and forces of the Libyan opposition for control of the strategic town of Brega and its oil port.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Moussa Ibrahim</span> Libyan political figure (born 1974)

Moussa Ibrahim Gaddafi is a Libyan political figure who rose to international attention in 2011 as Muammar Gaddafi's Information Minister and official spokesman, serving in this role until the government was toppled the same year in the Libyan Civil War. Ibrahim held frequent press conferences in the course of the war, denouncing rebel forces and the NATO-led military intervention, often in defiant and impassioned tones. His status and whereabouts remained unknown following the Battle of Tripoli in which the Gaddafi government was overthrown, although there were several claims and subsequent refutations of his capture. Eventually, in late 2014, it was discovered he was in Egypt before he was deported and fled to Serbia. On 12 January 2015 Moussa Ibrahim spoke publicly by video link at a political event hosted at the Committee Rooms Houses of Parliament, Westminster, London from an undisclosed location, also the Director of Private Security Company.

The Cyrenaican desert campaign was a military campaign conducted by the Libyan military in the form of hit-and-run attacks against rebel-held towns and oil facilities in the eastern Libyan Desert that began in April 2011, during the Libyan Civil War. The campaign failed in denying anti-Gaddafi forces control of southern Cyrenaica.

The Battle of the Misrata frontline was a battle during the Libyan Civil War between pro-Gaddafi loyalists and anti-Gaddafi forces on the western and southwestern outskirts of Misrata, the third largest city in Libya. It ended when anti-Gaddafi soldiers secured Zliten to the west and Tawergha to the south, establishing a significant buffer zone around the city.

The Battle of Sabha took place between forces loyal to Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi and rebel anti-Gaddafi forces for control of the desert oasis city of Sabha and a part of the Libyan Civil War. It was the second conflict in the city since the start of the war after the 2011 Sabha clashes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Timeline of the Libyan civil war (2011)</span>

The timeline of the Libyan civil war begins on 15 February 2011 and ends on 20 October 2011. The conflict began with a series of peaceful protests, similar to others of the Arab Spring, later becoming a full-scale civil war between the forces loyal to Muammar Gaddafi's government and the anti-Gaddafi forces. The conflict can roughly be divided into two periods before and after external military intervention authorized by United Nations Security Council Resolution 1973.

The Fezzan campaign was a military campaign conducted by the National Liberation Army to take control of southwestern Libya during the Libyan Civil War. During April to June 2011, anti-Gaddafi forces gained control of most of the eastern part of the southern desert region during the Cyrenaican desert campaign. In July, Qatrun changed to anti-Gaddafi control on 17 July and back to pro-Gaddafi control on 23 July. In late August, anti- and pro-Gaddafi forces struggled for control of Sabha.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Battle of Tripoli (2011)</span> Battle of the First Libyan Civil War

The Battle of Tripoli, sometimes referred to as the Fall of Tripoli, was a military confrontation in Tripoli, Libya, between loyalists of Muammar Gaddafi, the longtime leader of Libya, and the National Transitional Council, which was attempting to overthrow Gaddafi and take control of the capital. The battle began on 20 August 2011, six months after the First Libyan Civil War started, with an uprising within the city; rebel forces outside the city planned an offensive to link up with elements within Tripoli, and eventually take control of the nation's capital.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Second Gulf of Sidra offensive</span>

The Second Gulf of Sidra offensive was a military operation in the First Libyan Civil War conducted by rebel anti-Gaddafi forces in August and September 2011 to take control of towns along the Gulf of Sidra in an effort to surround Muammar Gaddafi's hometown of Sirte, which was held by pro-Gaddafi forces. The offensive ended on 20 October, with the capture and execution of Muammar Gaddafi and his son Mutassim Gaddafi, along with former defense minister Abu-Bakr Yunis Jabr. The Gaddafi loyalists in the area were finally defeated when NTC fighters captured Sirte.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Battle of Sirte (2011)</span> 2011 final battle of the First Libyan Civil War

The Battle of Sirte was the final and most decisive battle of the First Libyan Civil War, beginning when the National Liberation Army attacked the last remnants of the Libyan army still loyal to Muammar Gaddafi in his hometown and designated capital of Sirte, on the Gulf of Sidra. As of September 2011, Sirte and Bani Walid were the last strongholds of Gaddafi loyalists and the National Transitional Council hoped that the fall of Sirte would bring the war to an end. The battle and its aftermath marked the final collapse of the four-decade Gaddafi regime. Both Gaddafi and his son, Mutassim, were wounded and captured, then tortured and killed in custody less than an hour later. The month-long battle left Sirte almost completely in ruins, with many buildings damaged or totally destroyed.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Timeline of the 2011 Libyan Civil War and military intervention (June – 15 August)</span>

The 2011 Libyan Civil War began on 17 February 2011 as a civil protest and later evolved into a widespread uprising. After a military intervention led by France, the United Kingdom, and the United States on 19 March turned the tide of the conflict at the Second Battle of Benghazi, anti-Gaddafi forces regrouped and established control over Misrata and most of the Nafusa Mountains in Tripolitania and much of the eastern region of Cyrenaica. In mid-May, they finally broke an extended siege of Misrata.

Mohammed Abdullah Senussi was the son of former Libyan Intelligence chief Abdullah Senussi. He was also known to be the first volunteer to fight against the rebels, and well-known in Libya for shooting down an American fighter jet above Misrata. On 29 August 2011, he and his cousin Khamis Gaddafi, were killed by a National Transitional Council technical.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Killing of Muammar Gaddafi</span> 2011 killing in Sirte, Libya

The killing of Muammar Gaddafi took place on 20 October 2011 after the Battle of Sirte. Muammar Gaddafi, the deposed leader of Libya, was captured by NTC forces and executed shortly afterwards.

Daou al-Salhine al-Jadak was a field commander for the forces of the National Transitional Council of Libya during the 2011 Libyan civil war. Jadak was imprisoned for more than 18 years by Muammar Gaddafi's regime and led anti-Gaddafi forces in their battle for control of Bani Walid which eventually succeeded in October. Jadak came from Bani Walid himself. He had told AFP two days before he was killed that he had been imprisoned for more than 18 years for helping organise a 1993 rebellion.

This is a timeline of the 2011 military intervention in Libya. It covers all military action taken by NATO to implement United Nations Security Council Resolution 1973, beginning on 19 March 2011.

The 2012 Bani Walid uprising was an event which started on 23 January 2012 due to an incident in the city of Bani Walid in which the "May 28 Brigade" militia wished to arrest local men in unclear circumstances. The May 28 Brigade and their compound were then attacked by local fighters who then took control of the town. The incident, the combatants, and the motives of the two main belligerents — the May 28 Brigade and Brigade 93 — remain uncertain and contentious. The conflict was originally reported to be an attack by Gaddafi loyalists by local NTC officials. However, tribal leaders and residents have denied any affiliation with Gaddafi's remnants, stating their goal was the establishment of their own council in the city. Similarly Britain's Foreign Office has dismissed claims of this incident representing a pro-Gaddafi attack against the NTC, stating that this was a dispute between tribal leaders of the Warfalla tribe and the NTC.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gaddafi loyalism</span> Sympathetic sentiment towards the overthrown government of Muammar Gaddafi

Gaddafi loyalism, in a wider political and social sense also known as the Green resistance, consists of sympathetic sentiment towards the overthrown government of Muammar Gaddafi, who was killed in October 2011, and his Third International Theory. Despite Muammar Gaddafi's death, his legacy and Jamahiriya ideology still maintains a popular appeal both inside and outside Libya into the present day. Regardless, the Western sentiment has largely been that this continued support may contribute to some of the ongoing violence in Libya.

References

  1. ↑ "Nato takes control of enforcing Libya no-fly zone". DAWN Media Group. 25 March 2011. Retrieved 26 March 2011.
  2. 1 2 "Wed, 28 Sep 2011, 12:56 GMT+3 – Libya". Al Jazeera Live Blog. 28 September 2011.
  3. 1 2 "Libyan rebel fighters in new push on Bani Walid". The Daily Telegraph . Archived from the original on 23 May 2023.
  4. ↑ "Fighters near Gadhafi stronghold meet stiff resistance". CNN. 10 September 2011. Retrieved 10 September 2011.
  5. ↑ Al-Shalchi, Hadeel (5 September 2011). "Libya: Rebels Converge on Bani Walid". Huffington Post. Retrieved 16 September 2011.
  6. ↑ Golovnina, Maria (3 September 2011). "Gaddafi loyalists holding out". The Voice of Russia. Archived from the original on 6 October 2011. Retrieved 3 September 2011.
  7. ↑ Spencer, Richard (1 September 2011). "Libya: uncertainty stalks the frontline in the hunt for Gaddafi". The Telegraph. London. Retrieved 16 September 2011.
  8. 1 2 3 "Libyan fighters enter Bani Walid". Al Jazeera English. 9 September 2011. Retrieved 9 September 2011.
  9. ↑ 1 -2 [ permanent dead link ] killed (9 September), 4 killed (10 September), Archived 13 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine 5 killed (11 September), 7 killed (12 September), 6 Archived 24 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine -11 killed (16 September), 2 killed (18 September),[ permanent dead link ], 4 killed (19 September), 4 killed (21 September), Archived 25 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine , 2 killed (25 September), Archived 2 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine 4 killed (27 September), 11 killed (28 September), 1 killed (30 September), Archived 18 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine 2 killed (5 October), 17 killed (10 October), 9 killed (14 October), 3 killed (16 October), 3 killed (17 October),[ permanent dead link ] total of 85–91 reported killed
  10. ↑ 3 wounded (9 September), 26 wounded (10 September), Archived 13 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine 14 wounded (11 September), 54 Archived 24 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine -70 wounded (16 September), 15 wounded (18 September),[ permanent dead link ] 6 wounded (21 September), Archived 25 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine 11 wounded (27 September), 6 wounded (30 September), Archived 18 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine 80 wounded (10 October), total of 215–231 reported wounded
  11. ↑ 1 killed (8 September), 3–5 killed (9 September), 2 killed (10 September), 1 killed (18 September),[ permanent dead link ] total of 7–9 reported killed
  12. ↑ Al-Shalchi, Hadeel (10 September 2011). "Libyan fighters say they're fighting in town of Bani Walid, one of Gadhafi's last bastions". Global TV. Archived from the original on 5 September 2012. Retrieved 16 September 2011.
  13. ↑ 4–5 killed (9 September), Archived 4 February 2015 at the Wayback Machine 2 killed (11 September; unconfirmed), 15 killed (16–24 September),[ dead link ] total of 19–22 reported killed
  14. ↑ Denyer, Simon (4 September 2011). "Libyan fighters prepare for assault on Gaddafi desert bastion". The Washington Post. Retrieved 16 September 2011.
  15. ↑ Faraj, Noora (4 September 2011). "NTC Fighters Advance to Bani Walid". Al Arabiya. Retrieved 16 September 2011.
  16. ↑ Hough, Andrew; John-Paul Ford Rojas (5 September 2011). "Libya: 5 September as it happened". The Telegraph. London. Retrieved 16 September 2011.
  17. ↑ Sherlock, Ruth; Gilligan, Andrew; Crilly, Rob (6 September 2011). "Libya: fears of bloodshed grow as Bani Walid talks break down". The Telegraph. London. Retrieved 16 September 2011.
  18. ↑ "Muammar Gaddafi loyalists on the road to dusty death". The Australian. 3 September 2011. Retrieved 16 September 2011.
  19. ↑ Galpin, Richard (8 September 2011). "Libya conflict: Rockets fired from Bani Walid". BBC News. Retrieved 16 September 2011.
  20. 1 2 "Anti-Gaddafi Fighters Say They Have Entered Town of Bani Walid After Week of Talks". Sky News. 10 September 2011. Retrieved 16 September 2011.
  21. ↑ "Friday, 9 September 2011 – 15:11 GMT+3 – Libya". Al Jazeera Live Blog. Al Jazeera. 9 September 2011. Retrieved 9 September 2011.
  22. ↑ "Friday, 9 September 2011 – 20:27 GMT+3 – Libya". Al Jazeera Live Blog. Al Jazeera. 9 September 2011. Retrieved 9 September 2011.
  23. ↑ Harding, Andrew (10 September 2011). "Libya conflict: Gaddafi forces resist Bani Walid attack". BBC News. Retrieved 16 September 2011.
  24. ↑ Nordland, Rod (10 September 2011). "Facing Resistance, Rebel Assault on Key Qaddafi Loyalists' Stronghold Slows". The New York Times. Retrieved 16 September 2011.
  25. ↑ Golovnina, Maria (10 September 2011). "NATO strikes pro-Gaddafi town: Reuters witness". Reuters. Archived from the original on 16 February 2013. Retrieved 16 September 2011.
  26. ↑ Sengupta, Kim (11 September 2011). "Initial assault on Gaddafi stronghold falters". The Independent. London. Retrieved 16 September 2011.
  27. 1 2 Turton, Sue (10 September 2011). "Saturday, 10 September 2011 – 11:05 GMT+3 – Libya". Al Jazeera Live Blog. Al Jazeera. Retrieved 16 September 2011.
  28. ↑ Chris Stephen, Abdul Raufund and David Smith (10 September 2011). "Gaddafi's diehard secret police dig in as Nato jets blast desert stronghold". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 16 September 2011.
  29. ↑ Stephen, Christopher; Derhally, Massoud A. (8 September 2011). "Libyan Fighters Suspend Qaddafi Attacks". Bloomberg. Retrieved 10 September 2011.
  30. ↑ Stephen, Christopher; Fam, Mariam (11 September 2011). "Libyan Opposition Advances on Sirte During Bani Walid Impasse". Business Week. Bloomberg L.P. Archived from the original on 11 January 2012. Retrieved 16 January 2012.
  31. ↑ "Battle for Bani Walid Rages in Libya". Voice of America News. 11 September 2011. Retrieved 11 September 2011.
  32. ↑ Golovnina, Maria (11 September 2011). "Gadhafi spy chief Dorda arrested: report". Montreal Gazette. Tripoli. Reuters. Retrieved 11 September 2011.[ permanent dead link ]
  33. ↑ "Libya's interim leader promises to build 'a state of law'". CNN. 13 September 2011. Retrieved 16 September 2011.
  34. ↑ "Bani Walid residents given two days to leave before onslaught". The Telegraph. London. 14 September 2011. Retrieved 16 September 2011.
  35. ↑ Golovnina, Maria (14 September 2011). "Libyan veteran prepares assault on pro-Gaddafi bastion". Reuters. Archived from the original on 28 September 2011. Retrieved 16 September 2011.
  36. ↑ Maria Golovnina (16 September 2011). "Anti-Gaddafi forces speed towards Bani Walid". Reuters. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 30 June 2017.
  37. ↑ Maria Golovnina (16 September 2011). "Libyan NTC forces retreat from Bani Walid-Reuters witness". Reuters. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 30 June 2017.
  38. ↑ Maria Golovnina and Alexander Dziadosz (18 September 2011). "Libyan forces battle to loosen grip on Gaddafi towns". Reuters. Retrieved 14 October 2011.[ dead link ]
  39. ↑ "Libyan forces retreat again as Gaddafi bastions hold". Reuters. 18 September 2011. Archived from the original on 3 September 2014. Retrieved 14 October 2011.
  40. ↑ "Mon, 19 Sep 2011, 08:41". Libya Live Blog. Al Jazeera English. 19 September 2011. Retrieved 19 September 2011.
  41. ↑ MacLean, William (22 September 2011). "WRAPUP 2-Libya rulers say they seize Gaddafi desert outposts". Reuters. Reuters. Archived from the original on 29 September 2011. Retrieved 14 October 2011.
  42. ↑ "Libya: 30 govt fighters killed in battle for Bani Walid". Vanguard. Agence France-Presse. 24 September 2011. Retrieved 14 October 2011.
  43. ↑ Deshmukh, Jay (28 September 2011). "Anti-Gaddafi fighters capture Sirte's port". The Sydney Morning Herald. Agence France-Presse. Retrieved 14 October 2011.
  44. ↑ "Military commander of anti-Gadhafi forces killed in fighting in Libyan loyalist stronghold". Newser. Agence France-Presse. 28 September 2011. Retrieved 14 October 2011.[ permanent dead link ]
  45. ↑ "Libya conflict: Nato hits Gaddafi stronghold of Sirte". BBC World News. 28 September 2011. Retrieved 14 October 2011.
  46. ↑ Deshmukh, Jay (1 October 2011). "Snipers halt NTC fight for Kadhafi hometown". Jakarta Globe. Archived from the original on 18 January 2013. Retrieved 14 October 2011.
  47. ↑ "Libya fighters in 'final stages' to take Gadhafi hometown, they say". CNN. 9 October 2011. Retrieved 14 October 2011.
  48. ↑ "17 NTC fighters killed in Libya's Bani Walid". Ahram Online. Agence France-Presse. 10 October 2011. Retrieved 14 October 2011.
  49. ↑ "Libyan NTC slows down in Sirte, advances in Bani Walid". Xinhua. Tripoli. 15 October 2011. Archived from the original on 17 October 2011. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
  50. ↑ "Libyan leaders claim new areas in Bani Walid". CNN . 16 October 2011. Archived from the original on 4 February 2023.
  51. ↑ Libya's Bani Walid "liberated:" official
  52. ↑ Libyan forces say raised flag in Bani Walid
  53. ↑ Libya conflict: NTC forces claim Bani Walid advance
  54. ↑ Gaddafi diehards in Sirte hold up Libyan troops
  55. ↑ "Gaddafi stronghold Bani Walid falls". The Guardian . 17 October 2011. Archived from the original on 17 February 2023.
  56. ↑ Gaddafi stronghold Bani Walid falls
  57. ↑ Malone, Barry (17 October 2011). "WRAPUP 4-NTC forces celebrate capture of Gaddafi bastion Bani Walid". Reuters Africa. Bani Walid. Reuters. Archived from the original on 3 September 2014. Retrieved 16 January 2012.
  58. ↑ Anger, chaos but no revolt after Libya violence
  59. ↑ Malone, Barry; Buckley, Chris (29 October 2011). "Muammar Gaddafi's son Saif al-Islam tells International Criminal Court he is innocent". National Post. Canada. Reuters. Retrieved 16 January 2012.
  60. ↑ Golovnina, Maria (26 October 2011). "FEATURE-Gaddafi loyalists fight on as Libya tries to unite". Reuters Africa. Bani Walid. Reuters. Archived from the original on 2 January 2012. Retrieved 26 October 2011.
  61. ↑ "'Pro-Kadhafi' attack kills four in Libya". Google News. Tripoli. Agence France-Presse. 23 January 2012. Archived from the original on 28 February 2014. Retrieved 23 January 2012.
  62. ↑ NATO (25 August 2011). "NATO and Libya Operational Media Update for 24 August" (PDF). Retrieved 10 September 2011.
  63. ↑ NATO (28 August 2011). "NATO and Libya Operational Media Update for 27 August" (PDF). Retrieved 10 September 2011.
  64. ↑ NATO (30 August 2011). "NATO and Libya Operational Media Update for 29 August" (PDF). Retrieved 10 September 2011.
  65. ↑ NATO. "NATO and Libya Operational Media Update for 30 August" (PDF). Retrieved 10 September 2011.
  66. ↑ NATO (1 September 2011). "NATO and Libya Operational Media Update for 31 August" (PDF). Retrieved 10 September 2011.
  67. ↑ NATO (2 September 2011). "NATO and Libya Operational Media Update for 1 September" (PDF). Retrieved 10 September 2011.
  68. ↑ NATO (3 September 2011). "NATO and Libya Operational Media Update for 2 September" (PDF). Retrieved 10 September 2011.
  69. ↑ NATO (4 September 2011). "NATO and Libya Operational Media Update for 3 September" (PDF). Retrieved 10 September 2011.
  70. ↑ NATO (9 September 2011). "NATO and Libya Operational Media Update for 8 September" (PDF). Retrieved 10 September 2011.
  71. ↑ NATO (10 September 2011). "NATO and Libya Operational Media Update for 9 September" (PDF). Retrieved 10 September 2011.
  72. ↑ NATO (11 September 2011). "NATO and Libya Operational Media Update for 10 September" (PDF). Retrieved 11 September 2011.
  73. ↑ NATO (15 September 2011). "NATO and Libya Operational Media Update for 14 September" (PDF). Retrieved 15 September 2011.
  74. ↑ NATO (20 September 2011). "NATO and Libya Operational Media Update for 19 September" (PDF). Retrieved 20 September 2011.
  75. ↑ NATO (23 September 2011). "NATO and Libya Operational Media Update for 22 September" (PDF). Retrieved 23 September 2011.
  76. ↑ NATO (27 September 2011). "NATO and Libya Operational Media Update for 26 September" (PDF). Retrieved 27 September 2011.
  77. ↑ NATO (30 September 2011). "NATO and Libya Operational Media Update for 29 September" (PDF). Retrieved 30 September 2011.
  78. ↑ NATO (2 October 2011). "NATO and Libya Operational Media Update for 1 October" (PDF). Retrieved 2 October 2011.
  79. ↑ NATO (5 October 2011). "NATO and Libya Operational Media Update for 4 October" (PDF). Retrieved 5 October 2011.
  80. ↑ NATO (6 October 2011). "NATO and Libya Operational Media Update for 5 October" (PDF). Retrieved 6 October 2011.
  81. ↑ NATO (7 October 2011). "NATO and Libya Operational Media Update for 6 October" (PDF). Retrieved 8 October 2011.
  82. ↑ NATO (10 October 2011). "NATO and Libya Operational Media Update for 9 October" (PDF). Retrieved 10 October 2011.
  83. ↑ NATO (11 October 2011). "NATO and Libya Operational Media Update for 10 October" (PDF). Retrieved 11 October 2011.
  84. ↑ NATO (12 October 2011). "NATO and Libya Operational Media Update for 11 October" (PDF). Retrieved 12 October 2011.
  85. ↑ NATO (13 October 2011). "NATO and Libya Operational Media Update for 12 October" (PDF). Retrieved 13 October 2011.
  86. ↑ NATO (14 October 2011). "NATO and Libya Operational Media Update for 13 October" (PDF). Retrieved 14 October 2011.
  87. ↑ NATO (15 October 2011). "NATO and Libya Operational Media Update for 14 October" (PDF). Retrieved 15 October 2011.
  88. ↑ NATO (18 October 2011). "NATO and Libya Operational Media Update for 17 October" (PDF). Retrieved 18 October 2011.

31°46′N13°59′E / 31.767°N 13.983°E / 31.767; 13.983

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.