Billardiera

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Billardiera
Billardiera scandens Lawson fruit email.jpg
Billardiera scandens ,
fruit - Lawson, NSW
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Apiales
Family: Pittosporaceae
Genus: Billardiera
Sm. [1]
Species

See text

Synonyms [1]
List

Billardiera, commonly known as appleberries, snot berries, or bluebell creepers, [2] is a genus of flowering plants in the family, Pittosporaceae and is endemic to Australia. Plants in the genus Billardiera are woody scramblers, climbers or twiners with elliptic, lance-shaped or linear leaves arranged alternately along the stems, the flowers with petals that are joined to form a tube at the base with spreading lobes, and succulent or fleshy fruit.

Contents

Description

Plants in the genus Billardiera are woody scramblers, climbers or undershrubs with twining branches up to several metres long. The leaves are simple, elliptic, lance-shaped or linear and arranged alternately along the stems. The flowers are arranged singly or in cymes on the ends of branches and are greenish-yellow to cream-coloured, purple or blue, the sepals free from each other. The five petals are much longer than the sepals, sometimes free from each other, or joined at the base to form a tube with spreading lobes. The stamens are free from each other, but sometimes have their anthers joined at the tip, encircling the style. The fruit is a succulent or fleshy, variously shaped berry containing many seeds. [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7]

Taxonomy

The genus Billardiera was first formally described in 1793 by James Edward Smith in his book A Specimen of the Botany of New Holland , and the first species he described (the type species) was Billardiera scandens . [8] [9] The name, Billardiera honours Jacques-Julien Houtou de Labillardière. [9]

Species list

The following is a list of species of Billardiera accepted by the Australian Plant Census as of May 2023: [10]

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pittosporaceae</span> Family of flowering plants

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<i>Gompholobium</i> Genus of legumes

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<i>Bursaria</i> Genus of flowering plants

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<i>Cheiranthera</i> Genus of flowering plants

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<i>Billardiera cymosa</i> Species of plant

Billardiera cymosa, commonly known as sweet apple-berry or love fruit, is a species of flowering plant in the family Pittosporaceae and is endemic to south-eastern continental Australia. It is usually a slender climber that has narrowly egg-shaped leaves and pale blue or pale purplish flowers arranged in groups of about five to twelve.

<i>Styphelia</i> Genus of flowering plants in the heath family Ericaceae

Styphelia is a genus of shrubs in the family Ericaceae, native from Indo-China through the Pacific to Australia. Most have minute or small leaves with a sharp tip, single, tube-shaped flowers arranged in leaf axils and with the ends of the petals rolled back with hairs in the inside of the tube.

<i>Rhytidosporum</i> Genus of flowering plants

Rhytidosporum is a genus of flowering plants within the family Pittosporaceae. The type species is Rhytidosporum procumbens (Hook.) F.Muell.

<i>Billardiera heterophylla</i> Species of flowering plant

Billardiera heterophylla is a species of flowering plant in the family Pittosporaceae, known by the common name bluebell creeper. It is native to Western Australia, but is grown as an ornamental plant in appropriate climates worldwide. It can sometimes be found growing in the wild as an introduced species or garden escapee, for example in other Australian states and in California, where it is popular in landscaping. It is sometimes considered a weed.

<i>Marianthus</i> Genus of flowering plants

Marianthus is a genus of flowering plants in the family Pittosporaceae and is endemic to Australia. Plants in the genus Marianthus are shrubs with twining branches, simple leaves arranged alternately along the stems. The flowers are pendent, arranged singly or in small groups in upper leaf axils or on the ends of branches with small bracts and bracteoles at the base, but that fall as the flowers open. The sepals are free from each other, and the petals are also sometimes free from each, otherwise joined at the base, forming a tube with spreading lobes. Plants in this genus were previously included in Billardiera, but have a stalked ovary and a long, usually curved style. The fruit is a dehiscent capsule containing many seeds.

Rhytidosporum inconspicuum is an inconspicuous, rhizomatous shrub in the pittosporum family, Pittosporaceae. The species is found in New South Wales, Victoria and Tasmania.

References

  1. 1 2 "Billardiera". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 27 May 2023.
  2. 1 2 "Billardiera". Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment: Canberra. Retrieved 27 May 2023.
  3. Makinson, Robert O. "Genus Billardiera". Royal Botanic Garden Sydney. Retrieved 27 May 2023.
  4. Walsh, Neville G.; Albrecht, David E. "Billardiera". Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. Retrieved 27 May 2023.
  5. "Billardiera". FloraBase . Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
  6. "Billardiera". State Herbarium of South Australia. Retrieved 27 May 2023.
  7. Cayzer, Lindy W.; Crisp, Michael D.; Telford, Ian R. H. (2004). "Cladistic analysis and revision of Billardiera (Pittosporaceae)". Australian Systematic Botany. 17 (1): 83–125. doi:10.1071/SB03028.
  8. "Billardiera". APNI. Retrieved 27 May 2023.
  9. 1 2 Smith, James E. (1793). A Specimen of the Botany of New Holland. Vol. Botany. London: James Sowerby. pp. 1–4. Retrieved 27 May 2023.
  10. "Billardiera". AustralianPlant Census. Retrieved 27 May 2023.