Blera (fly)

Blera
Blera fallax female
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Diptera
Family:	Syrphidae
Subfamily:	Eristalinae
Tribe:	Milesiini
Genus:	Blera Billberg, 1820 [1]
Type species
Musca fallax Linnaeus, 1758
Synonyms
Cynorhina Williston, 1887 [2] Cynorrhina Verrall, 1901 [3] Penthesilea Meigen, 1800 [4]

Blera is primarily a North American genus, though there are 3 species from Europe. ^[5] The genus is characterized by the following characters:

• face with distinct central knob, less developed in females; frons distinctly produced
• antennae shorter than head width, arista dorsal
• body covered long sometimes dense hairs
• legs simple bare and undeveloped metasternite
• short apical section of vein R 4+5 ^[6]

The larvae are found in decaying heartwood in roots of trees and stumps.

There are keys to American ^[6] and British species. ^[7] external map

Species

• Blera ambigua (Shiraki, 1968) ^[8]
• Blera analis (Macquart, 1842) ^[9]
• Blera armillata (Osten Sacken, 1875) ^[10]
• Blera badia (Walker, 1849) ^[11]
• Blera chillcotti Thompson, 2012 ^[12]
• Blera confusa Johnson, 1913 ^[13]
• Blera eoa (Stackelberg, 1928) ^{[14] [5] [15]}
• Blera equimacula Huo, Ren & Zheng, 2007 ^[16]
• Blera fallax (Linnaeus, 1758) ^{[7] [5]}
• Blera ferdinandi (Hervé-Bazin, 1914) ^[17]
• Blera flukei (Curran, 1953) ^[6]
• Blera garretti (Curran, 1924) ^[18]
• Blera himalaya Thompson, 2000 ^[19]
• Blera humeralis (Williston, 1882) ^[20]
• Blera japonica (Shiraki, 1930) ^[21]
• Blera johnsoni (Coquillett, 1894) ^[22]
• Blera kyotoensis (Shiraki, 1952) ^[23]
• Blera lonigseta Barkalov & Cheng, 2011 ^[24]
• Blera metcalfi (Curran, 1925) ^[25]
• Blera nigra (Williston, 1887) ^[2]
• Blera nigrescens Shiraki, 1968 ^[8]
• Blera nigripes (Curran, 1925) ^[25]
• Blera nitens (Stackelberg, 1923) ^[26]
• Blera notata (Wiedemann, 1830) ^[27]
• Blera ochrozona (Stackelberg, 1928) ^[14]
• Blera pictipes (Bigot, 1884) ^[28]
• Blera robusta (Curran, 1922) ^[29]
• Blera scitula (Williston, 1887) ^[2]
• Blera shirakii Barkalov & Mutin, 1991 ^[30]
• Blera umbratilis (Williston, 1887) ^[2]
• Blera violovitshi Mutin, 1991 ^[30]
• Blera yudini Barkalov, 1991 ^[30]

• 
  Western Wood Fly
  Blera scitula
• 
  Yellow-legged Wood Fly
  Blera humeralis
• 
  The Painted Wood Fly
  Blera pictipes
• 
  Painted Wood Fly
  Blerapictipes

References

1. Billberg, G.J. (1820). Enumeratio insectorum in Museo. Stockholm: Gust. Joh. Billberg. p. 138. Retrieved 5 July 2021.
2. Williston, S. W. (1887). "Synopsis of the North American Syrphidae". Bulletin of the United States National Museum. 31: xxx + 335. Retrieved 1 July 2015.
3. Verrall, G.H. (1901). Platypezidae, Pipunculidae and Syrphidae of Great Britain. Vol. 8,In his British flies. London: Gurney & Jackson. pp. [i] + 691.
4. Meigen, J.W. (1800). Nouvelle classification des mouches a deux ailes (Diptera L.) d'apres un plan tout nouveau. Paris: Perronneau. pp. 1–40.
5. Veen, M.P. van (2004). Hoverflies of Northwest Europe, Identification Keys to the Syrphidae (hardback). Utrecht: KNNV Publishing. p. 254. ISBN   90-5011-199-8.
6. Curran, Charles Howard (1953). "Notes and descriptions of some Mydaidae and Syrphidae" (PDF). American Museum Novitates (1645): 1–15.
7. Stubbs, Alan E.; Falk, Steven J. (1983). British Hoverflies: An Illustrated Identification Guide (2nd ed.). London: British Entomological and Natural History Society. pp. 253, xvpp. ISBN   1-899935-03-7.
8. Shiraki, T. (1968). Syrphidae (Insecta: Diptera). Fauna Japonica. Japan: Biogeographical Society of Japan. pp. Vol. II, 243 pp., XL pls., Vol. III, 272 pp., XLVII pls.
9. Macquart, Pierre-Justin-Marie (1842). Diptères exotiques nouveaux ou peu connus. Tome deuxieme.--2e partie. Paris: Roret. pp. 5–140. Retrieved 6 July 2021.
10. Osten Sacken, Karl Robert (1875). "A list of the North American Syrphidae". Bulletin of the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences. 3: 38–71. Retrieved 22 July 2021.
11. Walker, F. (1849). List of the specimens of dipterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part III. London: British Museum (Natural History). pp. 485–687.
12. Thompson, F.C. (2012). "Fabulous flower flies for famous fly fanatics (Diptera: Syrphidae). A tribute to the dipterists of the Canadian National Collection". The Canadian Entomologist. 144 (1): 1–16. doi:10.4039/tce.2012.4.
13. Johnson, C.W. (1913). "On the Criorhina intersistens Walker and an allied species (Dipt.)". Entomological News. 24: 293–295. Retrieved 22 July 2021.
14. Stackelberg, A.A. (1928). "Species palaearcticae generis Cynorrhina (Dipt., Syrphidae)" (PDF). Konowia. 7 (3): 252–258. Retrieved 22 July 2021.
15. Pettersson, Roger B.; Bartsch, Hans D. (2001). "Blera eoa (Stackelberg, 1928), en ny stubb-blomfluga för Europa (Diptera, Syrphidae)" (PDF Adobe Acrobat). Natur i Norr, Umeå (in Swedish). 20. Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap: 91–96.^{[ permanent dead link ]}
16. Huo, K.K.; Ren, G.; Zheng, Z. (2007). Fauna of Syrphidae from Mt. Qinling-Bash in China (Insecta: Diptera) (in Chinese). Beijing: Beijing Huonzheng Printer LTD Co. pp. 512 pp.
17. Hervé-Bazin, J. (1914). "Syrphides recueillis au Japon par M. Edme Gallois". Annales de la Société Entomologique de France. 83: 398–416. doi:10.1080/21686351.1914.12279385 . Retrieved 22 July 2021.
18. Curran, Charles Howard (1924). "New Canadian Diptera, with a synopsis of the genus Cynorhina". The Canadian Entomologist. 56 (8): 193–196. doi:10.4039/Ent56193-8.
19. Thompson, F. Christian (2000). "A new Oriental Blera (Diptera: Syrphidae)" (PDF). Entomological News. 111 (3): 181–184. Retrieved 25 July 2021.
20. Williston, Samuel Wendell (1882). "Contribution to a monograph of the North American Syrphidae". Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 20 (112): 299–332. Retrieved 23 July 2021.
21. Shiraki, T. (1930). "Die Syrphiden des japanischen Kaiserreichs, mit Berucksichtigung benachbarter Gebiete". Mem. Fac. Agric. Taihoku Imp. Univ. 1: xx + 446 pp.
22. Coquillett, Daniel William (1894). "Two interesting new Diptera from Washington". Entomological News, and Proceedings of the Entomological Section of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 5: 125–126. Retrieved 23 July 2021.
23. Shiraki, T. (1952). "Studies on the Syrphidae. 2. Some new species from Japan with an interesting Trypetidae". Mushi. 23: 1–15.
24. Barkalov, A.V.; Cheng, X.Y. (2011). "A review of the Chinese species of the genus Blera (Diptera: Syrphidae) with description of a new species" (PDF). Zoosystematica Rossica. 20 (2): 350–355. doi:10.31610/zsr/2011.20.2.350 . Retrieved 24 July 2021.
25. Curran, Charles Howard (1925). "Contribution to a monograph of the American Syrphidae north of Mexico". The Kansas University Science Bulletin. (1924) 15: 7–216, 12 pls. Retrieved 23 July 2021. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain .
26. Stackelberg, Aleksandr Aleksandrovich (1923). "Cynorrhina nitens sp. nov. (Syrphidae: Dipt.)" (PDF). Supplta Ent. 9: 22–23. Retrieved 24 July 2021.
27. Wiedemann, Christian Rudolph Wilhelm (1830). Aussereuropäische zweiflügelige Insekten. Als Fortsetzung des Meigenschen Werks. Hamm: Zweiter Theil. Schulz. pp. xii + 684 pp., 5 pls.
28. Bigot, Jacques-Marie-Frangile (1884). "Diptères nouveaux ou peu connus. 22e partie, XXXII: Syrphidi (2e partie). espèces nouvelles, No 1er". Annales de la Société Entomologique de France. 3 (6): 315–356. Retrieved 24 July 2021.
29. Curran, Charles Howard (1922). "New species of Canadian Syrphidae (Diptera). Pt. II". The Canadian Entomologist. 54: 14–19. doi:10.4039/Ent5414-1 . Retrieved 24 July 2021.
30. Barkalov, A.V.; Mutin, V.A. (1991). "Revision of hover-flies of the genus Blera Billberg 1820 (Diptera, Syrphidae). II". Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie (in Russian). 70: 736–749.