| Bolivian tyrannulet | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Tyrannidae |
| Genus: | Zimmerius |
| Species: | Z. bolivianus |
| Binomial name | |
| Zimmerius bolivianus (D'Orbigny, 1840) | |
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The Bolivian tyrannulet (Zimmerius bolivianus) is a species of bird in the family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in Bolivia and Peru. [2]
During much of the twentieth century the Bolivian tyrannulet and several other tyrannulets were placed in genus Tyranniscus but a study published in 1977 erected the present genus Zimmerius for them. [3] [4]
The Bolivian tyrannulet is 10 to 12 cm (3.9 to 4.7 in) long and weighs 10 to 11.6 g (0.35 to 0.41 oz). The sexes have the same plumage; females are slightly smaller than males. Adults have a dark olive crown, face, and upperparts. Their wings are mostly dark dusky; the coverts and flight feathers have thin bright yellow-green edges. Their tail is dusky olive. Their throat is whitish, their breast grayish olive to yellowish olive, and their belly and undertail coverts pale yellow. Adults have a creamy white iris, a small rounded black bill whose mandible can be deep reddish, purple, or gray, and black legs and feet. Juveniles are like adults except for a reddish to reddish brown iris. [5] [6]
The Bolivian tyrannulet is found on the east slope of the Andes from far eastern Junín and northern Ayacucho departments in south-central Peru southeast into Bolivia to Cochabamba Department. It inhabits humid montane forest and cloudforest, clearings within the forest, and nearby secondary forest. In elevation it ranges between 1,000 and 2,600 m (3,300 and 8,500 ft) in Peru and reaches 2,830 m (9,300 ft) in Bolivia. [5] [6]
The Bolivian tyrannulet is a year-round resident. [5]
The Bolivian tyrannulet feeds on insects and small fruits, especially those of mistletoes (Loranthaceae). It forages singly or in pairs and sometimes joins mixed-species feeding flocks. It feeds mostly in the forest canopy, actively moving about and gleaning food while perched or while briefly hovering after a short flight. [5] [6]
Nothing is known about the Bolivian tyrannulet's breeding biology. [5]
The Bolivian tyrannulet's dawn song is "a rising, plaintive series of whistles: hee-hee-heEEew" and its call "a mellow descending teew". [6]
The IUCN has assessed the Bolivian tyrannulet as being of Least Concern. It has a large range; its population size is not known and is believed to be decreasing. No immediate threats have been identified. [1] It is considered fairly common in Peru. [6] It occurs in protected areas in both countries. [5]
The Guatemalan tyrannulet, or paltry tyrannulet, is a very small passerine bird in the family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in Belize, El Salvador, Guatemala, and Mexico.
The mistletoe tyrannulet a very small passerine bird in the family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found from Guatemala and Belize to Colombia.
The sierran elaenia is a species of bird in subfamily Elaeniinae of family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
The rufous-winged tyrannulet is a species of bird in subfamily Elaeniinae of family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in Ecuador and Peru.
The buff-banded tyrannulet is a species of bird in subfamily Elaeniinae of family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, and Peru.
The sulphur-bellied tyrannulet is a species of bird in subfamily Elaeniinae of family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.
The white-tailed tyrannulet is a species of bird in subfamily Elaeniinae of family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
The white-banded tyrannulet is a species of bird in subfamily Elaeniinae of family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.
The southern mouse-colored tyrannulet is a species of bird in subfamily Elaeniinae of family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, Peru, and possibly French Guiana and Suriname.
The ashy-headed tyrannulet is a species of bird in subfamily Elaeniinae of family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.
The plumbeous-crowned tyrannulet is a species of bird in subfamily Elaeniinae of family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
Sclater's tyrannulet is a species of bird in subfamily Elaeniinae of family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, and Peru.
The tawny-rumped tyrannulet is a species of bird in subfamily Elaeniinae of family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela, and possibly Argentina.
The grey-and-white tyrannulet is a species of bird in the family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in Ecuador and Peru.
The hazel-fronted pygmy tyrant is a species of bird in the family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in Bolivia and Peru.
The red-billed tyrannulet is a species of bird in the family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in Bolivia, Ecuador, and Peru.
The Venezuelan tyrannulet is a species of passerine bird in the family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is endemic to Venezuela.
The Yungas tyrannulet is a Vulnerable species of bird in subfamily Elaeniinae of family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in Bolivia and Peru.
The white-fronted tyrannulet is a species of bird in subfamily Elaeniinae of family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in Bolivia, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Panama, Peru, and Venezuela.
The spectacled tyrannulet, also known as the specious tyrannulet, mountain tyrannulet, and Venezuelan tyrannulet, is a small passerine bird in the family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in Colombia and Venezuela.
