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Chinese surnames are used by Han Chinese and Sinicized ethnic groups in Greater China, Korea, Vietnam and among overseas Chinese communities around the world such as Singapore and Malaysia. Written Chinese names begin with surnames, unlike the Western tradition in which surnames are written last. Around 2,000 Han Chinese surnames are currently in use, but the great proportion of Han Chinese people use only a relatively small number of these surnames; 19 surnames are used by around half of the Han Chinese people, while 100 surnames are used by around 87% of the population. A report in 2019 gives the most common Chinese surnames as Wang and Li, each shared by over 100 million people in China. The remaining eight of the top ten most common Chinese surnames are Zhang, Liu, Chen, Yang, Huang, Zhao, Wu and Zhou.
Huang is a Chinese surname that originally means and refers to jade people were wearing and decorating in ancient times. While Huáng is the pinyin romanization of the word, it may also be romanized as Hwang, Wong, Waan, Wan, Waon, Hwong, Vong, Hung, Hong, Bong, Eng, Ng, Uy, Wee, Oi, Oei, Oey, Ooi, Ong, or Ung due to pronunciations of the word in different dialects and languages. It is the 96th name on the Hundred Family Surnames poem.
Singkawang or Sakawokng in Dayak Salako or San-Khew-Jong, is a coastal city and port located in the province of West Kalimantan, on the island of Borneo in Indonesia. It is located at about 145 km north of Pontianak, the provincial capital, and is surrounded by the Pasi, Poteng, and Sakkok mountains. Singkawang is derived from the Salako language, which refers to a very wide area of swamps. In addition, the ancestors of the Hakka Chinese community in Sakawokng also named this area in Hakka as "San-Khew-Jong" (Mount-Mouth-Sea), which means "A city located at the foot of a mountain near the sea and has a river that flows up to the mouth of the river (estuary)."
Cài is a Chinese-language surname that derives from the name of the ancient Cai state. In 2019 it was the 38th most common surname in China, but the 9th most common in Taiwan, where it is usually romanized as "Tsai", "Tsay", or "Chai" and the 8th most common in Singapore, where it is usually romanized as "Chua", which is based on its Teochew and Hokkien pronunciation. Koreans use Chinese-derived family names and in Korean, Cai is 채 in Hangul, "Chae" in Revised Romanization, It is also a common name in Hong Kong where it is romanized as "Choy", "Choi" or "Tsoi". In Macau, it is spelled as "Choi". In Malaysia, it is romanized as "Choi" from the Cantonese pronunciation, and "Chua" or "Chuah" from the Hokkien or Teochew pronunciation. It is romanized in the Philippines as "Chua" or "Chuah", and in Thailand as "Chuo" (ฉั่ว). Moreover, it is also romanized in Cambodia as either "Chhay" or "Chhor" among people of full Chinese descent living in Cambodia and as “Tjhai”, "Tjoa" or "Chua" in Indonesia.
Yeo is a Chinese, English, and Korean surname.
Lin is the Mandarin romanization of the Chinese surname written 林. It is also used in Taiwan, Japan, Korea, Singapore, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Vietnam, Thailand and Cambodia.
Su is the pinyin romanization of the common Chinese surname written 苏 in simplified characters and 蘇 traditionally.
Chin is a surname. As a Chinese surname or Korean surname, it could originate from various Chinese characters, and it is also a surname in other cultures as well.
Ung is a surname.
Koh is a surname in various cultures. Its languages of origin include Chinese, German, and Korean.
Soh is a surname in various cultures.
Bok is a surname.
Kook is a surname in various cultures.
Chew is a Chinese, English or Korean surname.
Kam is a given name, nickname or surname.
Wee is a surname.
Malaysian Cantonese is a local variety of Cantonese spoken in Malaysia. It is the lingua franca among Chinese throughout much of the central portion of Peninsular Malaysia, being spoken in the capital Kuala Lumpur, Perak, Pahang, Selangor and Negeri Sembilan, it is also widely understood to varying degrees by many Chinese throughout the country, regardless of their ancestral language.
Dan is a given name and surname in various cultures.
Tee is an English and Chinese surname
Seng is a Cambodian, Chinese, German, and Korean surname.
References
- 1 2 3 Hanks, Patrick; Coates, Richard; McClure, Peter, eds. (2016). The Oxford Dictionary of Family Names in Britain and Ireland. Oxford University Press. p. 278. ISBN 9780192527479.
- 1 2 For both of these surnames, the mainstream Hakka pronunciation would be spelled with a "v", e.g. Pha̍k-fa-sṳ Vòng. However, in some dialects of Hakka spoken on Borneo, including in Singkawang, Kuching, and Serian, the initial has shifted to /b/. This is possibly due to crosslinguistic influence from the Malay language, which lacks voiced labial fricatives. Hakka as spoken in peninsular Malaysia does not exhibit this shift. See 吳中杰 [Wu Chung-chieh]; 陳素秋 [Tan Su-chiew] (May 2015). "砂拉越古晉石角區甲港客語音韻及詞彙調查與比較研究" [Phonological and Lexical Investigation and Comparative Studies on Hakka in Sungai Tapang, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia](PDF). Global Hakka Studies. 6: 142. Retrieved 21 August 2018.
- 1 2 "행정구역(구시군)/성씨·본관별 가구 및 인구" [Family names by administrative region (district, city, county): separated by bon-gwan, households and individuals]. Korean Statistical Information Service. Retrieved 23 October 2015.
- ↑ Takeuchi, Tsuguhito (1994). A Study of the Old Tibetan Contracts. Indiana University. pp. 88, 256. OCLC 1074873897.
- ↑ "How common is your last name? (Bong)". Newsday. Retrieved 5 September 2018.
- ↑ Sunbin is not a given name but a title for concubines; her given name was not recorded, only her surname Bong.
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