Botryosphaeriales

Botryosphaeriales
Phyllosticta cruenta on leaf of Polygonatum odoratum
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Fungi
Division:	Ascomycota
Class:	Dothideomycetes
Subclass:	incertae sedis
Order:	Botryosphaeriales C.L. Schoch, Crous & Shoemaker (2006) [1]

The Botryosphaeriales are an order of sac fungi (Ascomycetes), placed under class Dothideomycetes. Some species are parasites, causing leaf spot, plant rot, die-back or cankers, but they can also be saprophytes or endophytes. They occur world-wide on many hosts. ^[2] For example, in China, infections related to Botryosphaeriales have been recorded on numerous hosts such as grapes, Caragana arborescens , Cercis chinensis , Eucalyptus, Chinese hackberry, blueberry, forest trees, and various other woody hosts. ^[3]

The order was originally defined in 2006 to have only one family, Botryosphaeriaceae, but new taxonomic studies have added at least seven other families. ^[2] It was then reduced to just seven families in 2020. ^[4]

Families

As accepted by Wijayawardene et al. 2020; ^[4]

• Aplosporellaceae (with genera Alanomyces and Aplosporella )
• Botryosphaeriaceae
• Endomelanconiopsidaceae
• Melanopsaceae (only holds Melanops )
• Phyllostictaceae (with genera Phyllosticta and Pseudofusicoccum )
• Planistromellaceae (with genera Kellermania and Umthunziomyces )
• Saccharataceae (with genera Pileospora , Saccharata and Septorioides )

Genera incertae sedis

A 2022 review and summary of fungal classification by Wijayawardene and colleagues placed the following genera as incertae sedis within Botryosphaeriales. ^[5]

• Auerswaldiella Theiss. & Syd. (7 sp.)
• Coccostromella Petr. (1 sp.)
• Gibberidea (Fr.) Rabenh. (ca. 11 sp.)
• Mycosphaerellopsis Höhn. (2 sp.)
• Leptoguignardia E. Müll. (1 sp.)
• Metameris Theiss. & Syd. (5 sp.)
• Phyllachorella Syd. (8 sp.)
• Pilgeriella Henn. (2 sp.)
• Sivanesania W.H. Hsieh & Chi Y. Chen (1 sp.)
• Vestergrenia Rehm (3 sp.)

References

1. Schoch, C.L.; Shoemaker, R.A.; Seifert, K.A.; Hambleton, S.; Spatafora, J.W.; Crous, P.W. (2006). "A multigene phylogeny of the Dothideomycetes using four nuclear loci". Mycologia. 98 (6): 1041–1052. doi:10.1080/15572536.2006.11832632.
2. Yang, T.; Groenewald, J.Z.; Cheewangkoon, R.; Jami, F.; Abdollahzadeh, J.; Lombard, L.; Crous, P.W. (April 2017). "Families, genera and species of Botryosphaeriales" . Fungal Biology . 121 (4): 322–346. doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2016.11.001.
3. Dissanayake, Asha Janadaree; Chen, Ya-Ya; Cheewangkoon, Ratchadawan; Liu, Jian-Kui Jack (October 2021). "Occurrence and Morpho-Molecular Identification of Botryosphaeriales Species from Guizhou Province, China". Journal of Fungi. 7 (11): 893. doi: 10.3390/jof7110893 . PMC   8618807 .
4. Wijayawardene, Nalin; Hyde, Kevin; Al-Ani, Laith Khalil Tawfeeq; Somayeh, Dolatabadi; Stadler, Marc; Haelewaters, Danny; et al. (2020). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa". Mycosphere. 11: 1060–1456. doi: 10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8 . hdl: 10481/61998 .
5. Wijayawardene, N.N.; Hyde, K.D.; Dai, D.Q.; Sánchez-García, M.; Goto, B.T.; Saxena, R.K.; et al. (2022). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa – 2021". Mycosphere. 13 (1): 53–453. doi: 10.5943/mycosphere/13/1/2 . hdl: 10481/76378 . S2CID   249054641.