Brick Renaissance

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Brick Renaissance is the Northern European continuation of brick architecture after Brick Romanesque and Brick Gothic. Although the term Brick Gothic is often used generally for all of this architecture, especially in regard to the Hanseatic cities of the Baltic, the stylistic changes that led to the end of Gothic architecture did reach Northern Germany and northern Europe with delay, leading to the adoption of Renaissance elements into brick building. Nonetheless, it is very difficult for non-experts to distinguish transitional phases or early Brick Renaissance, as the style maintained many typical features of Brick Gothic, such as stepped gables. A clearer distinction only developed at the transition to Baroque architecture. In Lübeck, for example, Brick Renaissance is clearly recognisable in buildings equipped with terracotta reliefs by the artist Statius von Düren, who was also active at Schwerin (Schwerin Castle) and Wismar (Fürstenhof).

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More clearly recognisable as Renaissance are brick buildings strongly influenced by the Dutch Renaissance style, such as Reinbek Castle at Reinbek near Hamburg, the Zeughaus at Lübeck, or Friedrichstadt in Schleswig-Holstein.

Belarus

PlaceBuildingMain period of constructionSpecial featuresImage
Mir Mir Castle 15th-16th centuryLate 16th century additions to Gothic structure
Belarus-Mir-Castle-8 cropped.jpg

Denmark

PlaceBuildingMain period of constructionSpecial featuresImage
Copenhagen Børsen 1619–1640Dutch Renaissance style (architects Hans and Lorents van Steenwinckel) renaissance
Borsen Kobenhavn.jpg
Rosenborg Castle 1606–1624Built in the Dutch Renaissance style by Architects Bertel Lange and Hans van Steenwinckel
Rosenborg Slot.jpg
Hillerød Frederiksborg Palace 1602–1620Dutch Renaissance style (architects Hans and Lorents van Steenwinckel)
FrbSlotkirkeflojen15.jpg

Germany

PlaceBuildingMain period of constructionSpecial featuresImage
Friedrichstadt Market Squareearly 17th centuryPlastered brick
Friedrichstadt-markt2004.jpg
Lübeck Mühlentor1550s (model)
AeusseresMuehlentor.JPG
Schiffergesellschaft1535–1538
Lubeck Schiffergesellschaft 070311.jpg
Zeughaus1594
Voelkerkundemuseum.JPG
Reinbek Castle1572–1576
Schloss Reinbek.JPG

Italy

PlaceBuildingMain period of constructionSpecial featuresImage
Ferrara Castello Estense 1385–1450, early 16th centuryThe castle essentially presents the appearance given to it by Girolamo da Carpi in the second half of the 16th century
Castello esterno.jpg
Milan Castello Sforzesco 14th century, 1450
Milano Castello 1.jpg

Lithuania

Town/cityBuildingMain period of constructionSpecial featuresImage
Vytėnai Panemunė Castle 1604–1610
Vitenai003.JPG
Raudondvaris Raudondvaris Castle 16th century, 1615Rebuilt 1653–1664
Raudondvaris.jpg
Siesikai Siesikai Castle c. 1517
Siesikai castle.jpg
JonavaSt. Anne's Church in Skaruliaic. 1622
Skaruliu Sv. Onos baznycia.jpg

Poland

PlaceBuildingMain period of constructionSpecial featuresImage
Brochów Fortified church1551–1561, 1596Gothic-renaissance church established by Jan Brochowski and his family as a three-nave church with three side towers
PL Brochow.jpg
Bydgoszcz Church of the Assumption of Mary1582–1645
Bydgoszcz kosciol Klarysek lato.jpg
Gdańsk Green Gate 1564–1568Example of the Flemish mannerism in the city inspired by the Antwerp City Hall (architect Regnier van Amsterdam) [1]
Gdansk Zielona Brama.jpg
Old Arsenal1602–1605Built in Dutch/Flemish mannerism by Anthonis van Obbergen, Jan Strakowski and Abraham van den Blocke [2]
Old arsenal.jpg
Gołąb Church of St. Catherine and St. Florian1628–1638Polish mannerism style
Golab kosciol 2009.jpg
Grocholin Fortified manor house16th centuryBuilt for Wojciech Baranowski, is a rare example of defense housing architecture in northern Poland [3]
Grocholin fortalicja.jpg
Piotrków Trybunalski Royal Castle1512–1519Gothic-renaissance
Piotrkow (js).jpg
Płock Płock Cathedral Dome 1531–1534Romanesque cathedral, rebuilt several times
6 Plock 023.jpg
Pułtusk Collegiate Church Pułtusk vault1551–1556Renaissance frescoes on the vault cover more than 1000 square meters in total [4] (brick church built between 1449 and the first half of the 16th century)
Pultusk collegiate chuch.PNG
Sandomierz Town Hall 14th centuryRebuilt in the renaissance style in the 16th century
Sandomierz 14a.JPG
Supraśl Orthodox Monastery
- Church of the Annunciation
1503–1511Gothic-renaissance, destroyed in 1944 by retreating German army, [5] rebuilt since 1985
Suprasl orthodox church 3.jpeg
Tarnów Mikołajowski House15th centuryRebuilt in the renaissance style in 1524
Tarnow, centrum mesta, ulice za kostelem.JPG
Town Hall14th centuryRebuilt in the renaissance style in the 16th century
Tarnow, centrum mesta, Rynek, budova radnice.JPG
Zamość Zamość Fortress 1579–1618
Zamosc mury.JPG

Sweden

PlaceBuildingMain period of constructionSpecial featuresImage
Kristianstad Holy Trinity Church (Swedish: Helga Trefaldighetskyrkan)1617–1628The city of Kristianstad was founded by king Christian IV of Denmark in 1614 at a time when Scania was part of the Kingdom of Denmark (until 1658).
Trefaldighetskyrkan-Kristianstad.jpg
Mariefred Gripsholm Castle 1537–Built on the site of a medieval castle, which is partly preserved in the current castle.
Gripsholms slott view2.jpg
Stockholm Swedish House of Nobility (Swedish: Riddarhuset)1641–1675The building is more or less unchanged since its construction.
House of Nobility 3.jpg
Trolle Ljungby Trolle Ljungby Castle 1620s–1630sThe castle was mainly constructed when Scania was part of the Kingdom of Denmark (until 1658).
Trolle Ljungby slott.jpg

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Gothic secular and domestic architecture

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Belarusian Gothic

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References

  1. Juliette Roding; Lex Heerma van Voss (1996). The North Sea and culture (1550–1800): proceedings of the international conference held at Leiden 21–22 April 1995. Uitgeverij Verloren. p. 103. ISBN   90-6550-527-X.
  2. Lech Krzyżanowski; Michał Wożniak; Marek Źak; Wacław Górski (1995). Beautiful historic Gdańsk. Excalibur. p. 769.
  3. "Historia". www.grocholin.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 2009-12-17.
  4. Paweł Giergoń. "Pułtusk Kolegiata p.w. Zwiastowania NMP". www.sztuka.net (in Polish). Archived from the original on 2011-10-03. Retrieved 2009-12-17.
  5. "Geschichte". www.monaster-suprasl.pl (in German). Archived from the original on May 1, 2008. Retrieved 2009-12-17.