Building regulations in the United Kingdom are statutory instruments or statutory regulations that seek to ensure that the policies set out in the relevant legislation are carried out. Building regulations approval is required for most building work in the UK.
An Act to make provision about the safety of people in or about buildings and the standard of buildings, to amend the Architects Act 1997, and to amend provision about complaints made to a housing ombudsman.
Building regulations that apply across England and Wales are made under powers set out in the Building Act 1984 (c. 55) while those that apply across Scotland are set out in the Building (Scotland) Act 2003. The Building Act 1984, as amended by the Building Safety Act 2022 (c. 30), permits detailed regulations to be made by the Secretary of State for England and by a Welsh Minister for Wales.
As 'Building Regulations' and 'Building Safety' are devolved areas of law, in the four parts of the UK.
The building regulations made under the Building Act 1984 have been periodically updated, rewritten or consolidated, with the latest and current version being the Building Regulations 2010. The UK Government (at Westminster) is responsible for the relevant legislation and administration in England, the Welsh Government (at Cardiff) is the responsible body in Wales, the Scottish Government (at Edinburgh) is responsible for the issue in Scotland, and the Northern Ireland Executive (at Belfast) has responsibility within its jurisdiction.
There are very similar (and technically very comparable) Building Regulations in the Republic of Ireland. The English Building Regulations 2010 and the Building Act 1984 (in England) have been updated, on 1 October 2023, with major changes by the Building Safety Act 2022 (c. 30).
Regulatory structure
The detailed requirements of the Building Regulations in England and Wales are scheduled within 18 separate headings, each designated by a letter (Part A to Part S), and covering aspects such as workmanship, adequate materials, structure, waterproofing and weatherisation, fire safety and means of escape, sound isolation, ventilation, safe (potable) water, protection from falling, drainage, sanitary facilities, accessibility and facilities for the disabled, measures to limit overheating in new dwellings, electrical safety, security of a building, high-speed broadband infrastructure connections, and the installation of a minimum number of facilities for the charging of electric vehicles in all new buildings (commercial and domestic).
There are entirely separate "Approved Documents" for Wales and England.
In Wales all new dwellings must have automatic fire suppression (sprinklers) installed.
In England only new residential buildings, over 11m high (four floors and more) are required to have automatic fire suppression (sprinklers) systems.
For each Part, detailed specifications are available free online (in the English and Welsh governments' "approved documents") describing the matters to be taken into account. The approved documents are not literally legally binding in how the requirements must be met; rather, they present the expectation of the Secretary of State concerning the minimum appropriate standards required for compliance with the Building Regulations, and the common methods and materials used to achieve these. The use of appropriate British Standards and/or European Standards is also accepted as one way of complying with the Building Regulations requirements.
However, the supply of gas (natural and/or LPG) is not specifically controlled by the Building Regulations, as there are separate Gas Safety Regulations enforced by the Health and Safety Executive (HSE). Fuel storage (e.g. Heating Oil and LPG tanks are controlled, near dwellings.)
Newer versions of Building Regulations are generally not retrospective: they are applied to each new change or modification to a building (or new part of a building) but do not require renovation of existing elements. There are general requirements for any change or improvement, that the building must not be left any less satisfactory in compliance than before the works, and areas worked on must not be left in unsafe condition by reference to current standards. The Regulations may also specify in some cases, that when enough work is done in an area (such as partial new insulation) the remainder of that area must be brought to an appropriate standard; however the standard required for an existing building may be less stringent than that required for a completely new building.
The Regulations also specify that some types of work must be undertaken by an appropriately qualified professional (such as works on gas or certain electrical matters), or must be notified to the relevant local authority's Building regulations approval for certification or approval.
The application of Building Regulations is separate and distinct from 'Town Planning' and 'planning permission'; the Building Regulations control how buildings are to be designed or modified on the public grounds of safety and sustainability while 'planning permission' is concerned with appropriate development, the nature of land usage, and the appearance of neighbourhoods. Therefore, both must be considered when building works are to be undertaken.
History and timeline of changes
From 1 January 2005 the term building work includes work on household electrics.
The Climate Change and Sustainable Energy Act 2006 made provision for microgeneration to be brought within the Building Regulations, and increased to two years the time limit for prosecuting contraventions of the regulations relating to energy use, energy conservation or carbon emissions. It also requires the Secretary of State to report on compliance with these aspects of the Building Regulations and steps proposed to increase compliance. However, no such regulations have been laid.
From 6 April 2006, the Building Regulations are extended by amendments to incorporate some of the European Directives requiring energy in existing and new buildings to be measured, etc. The core term building work was once again amended and extended in scope to include renovation of thermal elements, and energy used by space cooling systems as well as energy used by space heating systems. Both are now subject to efficiency limits, and energy use controls are required. New additional competent persons schemes were proposed and authorised, in respect of energy systems and energy efficient design.
A total rewrite of Approved Document for Part P (Electrical Safety) was also issued in 2006.
New Approved Documents for Part F and Part L were issued along with specified 'second tier' guidance documents was also issued in 2006.
A total rewrite of the Building Regulations was issued in 2010. However, this has since been amended several times again, in 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2016 and 2018.
In December 2011, building regulation powers for Wales were devolved, enabling Welsh ministers the power to make building regulations in Wales.[1] Subsequent amendments by both the UK government (regarding the building regulations in England) and the Welsh Government for Wales have caused the building regulations for the two countries to begin to diverge.
A total rewrite of Approved Document for Part K (Protection against Falling, & Glazing Safety, etc.) was also issued in 2012/2013. This new Part K now incorporated all that once was within Part N (Glazing Safety) and came into force on 1 October 2015.
2015 - Part Q ("security") came into force on 1 October 2015.[2]
2017 - Part R ("High Speed Broadband Infrastructure") came into force on 1 January 2017. - Revised Part RA "Ultra-fast broadband" for all new Dwellings - December 2022.
2022 - Changes to Parts F and L and introduction of a new Part O - mitigation of overheating (in new dwellings) - took effect on 15 June 2022.[3]
2022 - introduction of a new Part S - EV (Electric Vehicle) Charging Points - a minimum number is now required for all new buildings (commercial, retail and dwellings) - took effect on 15 June 2022.
Building Safety Programme
Shortly after the Grenfell Tower fire of 14 June 2017, the Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government (MHCLG) established the Building Safety Programme. In the short term, this scheme sought to identify and remediate buildings with unsafe cladding. The problems that it variously exposed, compounded, and remedied constitute the cladding crisis. The programme is, longer-term, leading to a new regulatory framework for building safety, a Building Safety Bill, and a new Building Safety Regulator.[4][5]
Building (Amendment) Regulations 2018
A number of regulations were amended or created to introduce a restriction on the use of combustible materials within external elevations and specific attachments in certain types of buildings with storeys over 18m - this applied in England only.[6][7] This change came in the wake of the Grenfell Tower fire. The part of the amendment relating to elements provided to reduce heat gain was subsequently overturned by the UK High Court in November 2019 because "the consultation had been inadequate".[8]
Building (Amendments) Regulations 2023
A number of very major changes, amendments and new statutory provisions, were introduced, following the enactment by (the Westminster) Parliament, of the Building Safety Act 2022 and the Fire Safety Act 2021.
Approved documents and compliance
There are currently Eighteen parts (sections) to the building regulations (for England and Wales) and each is lettered as Part A to Part S (however there are no Parts I or N) accompanied by an approved document for that Part X. The approved documents usually take the form of firstly stating the legislation and then providing a number of methods or ways which are deemed to satisfy the regulations.
The building regulations do not aim to stifle innovation, and the introduction of each Approved Document re-states this government aim.
Compliance with the legislation is what is ultimately required and there may be many ways of complying, other than just using the ways set out in the recommended provisions within each of the approved documents. In reality, innovative solutions may be hard to validate, and for much building work the tendency is to follow the guidance of the approved documents literally.[citation needed]
For example, bathroom manufacturers produce a 'Doc M Pack' for disabled toilets, which reproduces exactly the diagram in Part M,[9] and most public disabled toilets are now designed around this layout.[citation needed]
Many manufactured products have agrément certificates issued by the British Board of Agrément (BBA, a construction products certification service),[10] certifying compliance with relevant standards. However, the BBA and other bodies (TRADA, BRE, Exova Warrington, etc.) may be able to test and certify to "CE" harmonised EU standards. "CE" marking of all construction materials and products is now a legal requirement, since 1 July 2013.
Most of the detailed information on the Building Regulations is now available on http://www.planningportal.gov.uk/buildingregulations/ where general public users can access simplified building regulations guidance, and professional users have access to a reorganised version of what was on the former DCLG building regulations website, including the full versions of the Approved documents and associated guidance, held on the DCLG website (now a constituent part of the gov.uk website).
New enhanced building safety regime
In England, From 6th April 2024, all work to build a new or alter an existing "higher-risk building" (HRB) – that is a building with seven or more floors, and with more than two dwellings – is subject to the new enhanced building safety regime, which is administered and enforced by the new Building Safety Regular (BSR) for England. The BSR thus replaces the role of local building control authorities. The private building control sector can no longer supervise work to build a new or alter a existing "higher-risk building".
The former "approved inspectors" (firms) all cease to have any legal function. after 1 October 2024. New "registered building control approvers" (RBCAs) may seek a licence from the BSR.
Approved documents
Part A. Structure
This part requires buildings to be designed, constructed and altered so as to be structurally safe and robust, and also so as not to impair the structural stability of other buildings.
It stipulates design standards that should be adopted for use on all buildings and additionally gives simple design rules for most masonry and timber elements for traditional domestic buildings.
The weight of the building from the walls, furniture and people in the building will be transmitted to the ground, so as not to cause instability to the building or other buildings.
Requires buildings to be built in a way ensuring no collapse will occur disproportionately to its cause.
Ground movement such as freezing of subsoil will not impair the stability of the building.
The Party Wall, etc. Act 1996 also controls walls and foundations being built near to existing buildings. However, it is a civil matter between adjoining land owners and "party wall legislation" is not enforced by the Building Control bodies.
Part B. Fire safety
The building regulations consider five aspects of fire safety in the construction of buildings:
Requirement B1 – Means of early warning of fire and adequate means of escape from the building (including emergency lighting and fire exit signage).
Requirement B2 – Control of Internally fire spread (linings). The wall lining i.e. plaster, plasterboard or wooden boards on the walls and ceiling will resist the spread of flames and give off only reasonable levels of heat, if on fire.
Requirement B3 – Control of Internal fire spread (structure) will be maintained during a fire, and fire spread will be prevented. Fire and smoke will be prevented from spreading to concealed spaces in a building's structure by Fire Stopping and Fire Cavity Barriers.
Requirement B4 External fire spread – The external walls and roof will resist spread of fire to walls and roofs of other buildings. However, not all buildings are required to have non-combustible exterior finishes.
Requirement B5 – The building will be accessible for firefighters and their equipment, without delay. Tall and Large buildings to have Fire Lifts and Fire Mains (Dry or Wet riser pipes), and waymarking signage for the fire crews, etc.
Regulation 7 – Guidance relating to compliance with regulation 7(2) and 7(3) are include with Approved Document B following the 2018 amendments (introducing a ban on the use of combustible materials within external walls, over 18m high) since these regulations are in relation to the specification of the fire performance of external wall construction and specific attachments. Regulation 7(1) continues to be covered by Approved Document 7.
Alternative means to comply
Using BS9999:2017 for non-residential buildings
Using BS9991:2015 for dwellings and other residential buildings
The use of a 'fire engineer' to computer model the building layout and smoke behaviour in such a building.
Building Regulation 38
This requires the designer and/or constructor to give the fire safety information (for a description of the information required – see Appendix G of approved document B) to the Responsible Person, upon completion. This is to enable a competent person to carry out a fire risk assessment.
Other fire laws (England & Wales and Scotland)
Once a building is occupied the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 (Fire Safety Order 2005 - FSO2005) requires a fire risk assessment to be carried out, to take into account how the users are actually using the building (and any fire risks that brings to the building) and the FSO2005 requires the "Responsible Person(s)" for the building to provide and maintain "suitable and sufficient" general fire precautions. Scotland's Fire Safety legislation is very similar and only slightly different in practical effect.
The FSO2005 is criminal law, and breaches of this law can result in the "Responsible Person" being jailed for up to two years and fined up to £10,000 for each offence. Corporate offences may have unlimited fines.
Enforcement is by the local fire authority. It may be necessary to exceed the recommendations of the guidance[11] supporting Part B of Schedule 1 to Building Regulations, in order to achieve a suitable and sufficient level of fire safety required under the FSO2005.
The Fire Safety (England) Regulations 2022 (FSER22) are retrospective and require existing and new residential buildings (with more than two flats) to have minimum fire safety management records and fire safety facilities (a recommendation of phase 1 of 2021 report of the Grenfell Tower Public Inquiry.) The FSER22 are enforced by each county fire authority – they came into legal force on 26 Jan 2023.
Review of fire related building regulations in England, 2017
Building regulations are technically under constant review by the DCLG (and are currently being urgently reviewed[12] in light of Grenfell Tower fire). As following this fatal fire in London in June 2017, there is industry wide concern over fire safety issues with many other buildings[13][citation needed]. Inappropriate combustible material combinations have been found on a broad range of tall local authority, private, NHS, educational and housing association buildings.
Combustible materials within the external construction of the outside of tall buildings must comply with the building regulations but this guidance has sometimes been interpreted as applying only to the insulation and not to the cladding.[citation needed]. There are concerns that fire tests may not accurately reflect real life when a building, cladding and insulation are subject to wear and tear.[14] The DCLG has set up a weekly email newsletter for those interested in this topic.
Part C. Site preparation and resistance to contaminants and moisture
Nothing should be growing on the ground covered by the building.
Precautions must be taken to stop gases and dangerous substances from previous land use from entering the building and endangering the health and safety of occupants.
Subsoil drainage will be in place, if needed, to stop the passage of ground moisture to the interior of the building and to prevent damage to the fabric of the building.
The walls, floors and roof of the building shall prevent moisture passing to the inside of the building.
The building must have provision to prevent condensation occurring in the roof structure.
Complaints arose in the Bristol area after Storm Emma in February 2018 that the attics of more than 50 newly built homes had filled up with snow. Barratt Developments and Redrow plc denied any liability, saying that “Lofts in modern homes are designed to act as home ventilators and to eradicate moisture and condensation issues. The vents are installed in order to comply with building regulations and as such the homes affected by the snow were not defective in any way.”[15]
Part D. Toxic substances
The legal requirement is
D1 If insulating material is inserted into a cavity in a cavity wall, reasonable precautions shall be taken to prevent the subsequent permeation of any toxic fumes from that material into any part of the building occupied by people.
Some insulating materials inserted into (existing) cavity walls can give off toxic fumes. Preventative measures must be taken to stop these fumes reaching occupants of the building. However this requirement is now largely of historical interest as injected materials are now mostly blown chopped fiber and not mixed on-site "chemical reaction" based methods - in the past 2 part mix urea formaldehyde was common, and if ventilation is not correct, and/or the mixing was not well controlled, then this can give off irritating fumes into the building.
See also Part C for controls on toxic hazards from ground contaminants and/or brownfield development.
Part E. Resistance to the passage of sound
Approved Document E 2003 plus amendments 2004[16] should be read in conjunction with supplemental document 'Robust Details Part E – Resistance to the passage of sound'.
Separating floors and walls between domestic dwellings are required to meet a minimum sound insulation performance standard. This applies to both new 'purpose built' and converted 'material change of use' properties.
Purpose-built – the sound insulation value for each individual airborne test should be equal to or greater than 45dB DnTw+Ctr. Each individual impact test should be equal to or less than 62dB LnTw.
Material change of use – the sound insulation value for each individual airborne test should be equal to or greater than 43dB DnTw+Ctr. Each individual impact test should be equal to or less than 64dB LnTw.
New internal walls and floors within dwelling-houses, flats and rooms for residential purposes, whether purpose built or formed by material change of use should achieve a minimum performance of Rw 40dB when tested in a laboratory. Test data is to be taken from a UKAS accredited laboratory.
Pre-completion sound tests have been required since July 2003 to ensure compliance with Approved Document E, unless the Robust Details approach is adopted, see Part L below. Testing is to be undertaken by a UKAS registered test organisation or European equivalent (e.g. ANC). A list of preferred UKAS accredited companies can be found at UKAS Organisation SearchArchived 2010-10-08 at the Wayback Machine . A list of preferred ANC accredited companies can be found at www.association-of-noise-consultants.co.uk.
Care should be taken to ensure site conditions are appropriate before testing commences to ensure tests can be completed and that the best results are achieved.
Part F. Ventilation
Standards for ventilation and air quality requirements for all buildings are included in this part of the building regulations. Due to the increasing complexity of the Regulations, ventilation strategies and system design must be considered at the earliest stages of building design.
The Building Regulations consider three ventilation types:
"Whole building" (formerly referred to as "background") ventilation to provide fresh air to dilute and disperse low levels of water vapour and other pollutants, usually by the provision of background ventilators or mechanical supply ventilation.
"Local extract" (formerly referred to as "extract") ventilation in rooms where most water vapour or concentrated pollutants are released, usually by mechanical means such as extract fans.
"Purge" (formerly referred to as "rapid") ventilation for the rapid dilution and removal of high concentrations of pollutants from occasional activities, usually by opening windows. The requirements for purge ventilation are set out in Appendix B of Part F1.
The performance rates for each of the "system" approaches set out in Part F are the minimum requirements needed to ensure that adequate air quality is provided for people indoors. The occupants' health could be at risk if these ventilation rates are compromised.
To ensure that these performance rates are met, Part F requires that a flow rate test (also called an airflow test or Part F test)[17] is performed on the installed system and the results submitted to Building Control via a Commissioning Notice.
The performance rates do not take account of summer overheating.
Most systems may be manually or automatically controlled (with manual override).
For each system to be effective, air must be able to flow through the dwelling. The regulations make provision for this via internal door undercuts to maintain a minimum gap of 10mm above the finished floor surface. This provides a 7600mm² permanent opening when a door is closed.
There are alternative methods to achieve compliance with Part F. The following explanations are simplified versions of the most common methods of interpreting the "Systems" approach set out in the provisions section of the Regulation.
Background ventilators are now measured in equivalent area (mm² EA) which is a better measure of performance but does not directly relate to the physical size of the opening through the ventilator.
System 1 - Intermittent extract fans and background ventilators
System 2 - [Deleted] 2022
System 3 - Continuous mechanical extract and background ventilators
System 4 - Continuous mechanical supply and extract with heat recovery
Part G. Sanitation, hygiene and water efficiency
Adequate sanitation facilities i.e. toilet.
A house must have either a bath or shower with the ability to heat hot water.
A dwelling must have a 'potable' (cold) water supply suitable for drinking.
Unvented hot water storage systems – restrictions apply to who can install the system.
Part H. Drainage and waste disposal
An adequate system must be in place to carry waste water used for cooking, washing, toilet (flushing), bath or shower to a foul sewer, cesspool or settlement tank.
A cesspool or settlement tank must be impermeable to liquids and have adequate ventilation. It must also have means of access for emptying, not harm the health of any person and not contaminate water or water supply.
An adequate system to carry rainwater away from the roof of a building e.g. guttering carrying water to a suitable final outfall or surface water sewer.
Wheelie bins are used for solid waste collection in the UK.
A place to put a wheelie bin or dustbin and a recycling bin. The place must not harm anyone's health.
Part J. Combustion appliances and fuel storage systems
Must have an adequate air supply for combustion and for efficient working of a flue pipe or chimney.
Appliances shall discharge the products of combustion to the outside.
The appliance, fireplace and chimney shall reduce the risk of the building catching fire.
Fuel storage, for oil and/or LPG, must not increase the risk to a building from a fire.
See Part B for general fire safety.
Part K. Protection from falling, collision and impact
Part K sets minimum standards for the safety of stairways, ramps and ladders, together with requirements for balustrading, windows, and vehicle barriers to prevent falling from floor edges, roofs, or balconies, etc.
Glass and glazing safety is also covered. Also included are requirements for guarding where there is a risk of falling, pedestrian and vehicle barriers, and requirements to prevent injury from (opening) doors and windows.
Glazing that people come into contact with whilst in a building, should, if broken, break in a way unlikely to cause injury, resist impact without breaking or be shielded or protected from impact.
Buildings, other than dwellings that have transparent glazing which people come into contact with while moving around a building, must have features to make it apparent.
Windows that can be opened must be operated safely and provision made for safe accessible cleaning.
Part K also includes safety requirements relating to the use, operation, and cleaning of windows
Part K also includes safety requirements (including preventing entrapment and the crushing of persons) for automatic doors, barriers, shutters and gates.
Part L. Conservation of fuel and power
Approved documents L1 is specific to dwellings and L2 relates to all buildings other than dwellings.
As of 6 April 2006 (2010) (2014) split into four sections:
L1A New dwellings
L1B Existing dwellings
L2A New buildings other than dwellings
L2B Existing buildings other than dwellings
Part L controls the insulation values of building elements, the allowable area of windows, doors and other openings, air permeability of the structure, the heating efficiency of boilers and the insulation and controls for heating appliances and systems together with hot water storage and lighting efficiency. It also sets out the requirements for SAP (Standard Assessment Procedure) calculations and carbon emission targets for dwellings.
Regulation 16 requires the advertising of the SAP rating in all new dwellings, and in the EPC document.
Approved Document L1 is supported by a set of 'robust' construction details, now known as "Accredited Construction Details",[18] which focus on ways of limiting air leakage and thermal bridging in construction. By using these tried and tested details, expensive on-site testing can be avoided.
In addition to insulation requirements and limitation of openings of the building fabric, this part considers solar heating and heat gains to structures, it controls heating, mechanical ventilation and air conditioning systems, lighting efficiency, space heating controls, air permeability, solar emission, the certification, testing and commissioning of heating and ventilation systems, and requirements for energy meters.
Air permeability is measured by air tightness testing for new dwellings (based on a sampling regime), all new buildings other than dwellings and large extensions to buildings other than dwellings.
These four Approved Documents must be read in conjunction with the supplemental official and industry documents (the 'second tier' guidance documents).
Energy Performance Certificate (EPC)
All EPCs will be based on SAP 2009 calculations from 1 April 2011. It is highly unlikely that many dwellings built to Part L 2010 will be completed before 1 April 2011. However, in the event that any are, the EPC will need to be produced using SAP 2005.
Please note that all plots require a building control approval submission, and EPC regardless of how many identical properties are to be built in the same development.
Part L new requirements
Lighting, ventilation, solar heat gain and possible overheating will all impact on the potential to hit the 25% reduction target but until now have not really troubled the industry. As U-values falls (see table) and airtightness levels increases, heat loss through 'thermal bridges' becomes more significant. The new regulations give these issues more emphasis. They also require designs to avoid unwanted solar gains, leading to excessive summer temperatures. The need now exists to consider these issues at the design stage.
Part M requires the inclusive provision of ease of access to and circulation within all buildings, together with requirements for facilities for disabled people.
Buildings should have reasonable provision:
For all people to gain access and use the building.
Toilets provision shall be made available for all.
If a building has seating such as audience or spectator seating, reasonable provision should be made for people with disabilities.
The Equality Act 2010 imposed duties on service providers, schools and public bodies in relation to access for people with disabilities. However, the Part M approved document is not written as a means of ensuring compliance with these legal duties. It is written to ensure that the design of a building does not create physical barriers to a building's inclusive use, over its lifetime.
This document is particularly relevant to new build where such properties must comply. If in any doubt as to whether your alterations are affected by this document, the local building control department will be able to assist further.[19] Later alterations of a building must not remove or reduce its accessibility features.
Part N. Glazing – safety in relation to impact, opening and cleaning
Part N was repealed in 2013 and these measures were moved into a new consolidated Part K in 2013 (See above).
Part O. Overheating
In 2022, Part O came into force dealing with overheating mitigation. [20]
New rules for electrical safety in the home, the garden and its outbuildings came into effect on 1 January 2005. This part only applies to dwellings, or, in some cases, buildings that would be exempt but which take their electrical supply from a dwelling. Several government approved competent persons schemes support Part P. The current edition of Part P came into effect on 6 April 2013, reducing the range of electrical work which needs to be notified. The current edition applies to all work commenced from April 2013.[21]
Reasonable provision shall be made in the design, installation, inspection and testing of electrical installations in order to protect persons from fire or injury.
Sufficient information shall be provided so that persons wishing to operate, maintain or alter an electrical installation can do so with reasonable safety.
Certain types of work require notification to the local authority for building control. In England this is only work within 'Zone 1' of a bathroom, and new consumer units and complete new circuits. In Wales, there are more 'notifiable works' including wiring in kitchens and gardens. Installers who are members of an approved "Competent Persons Scheme" may carry out such electrical work without the need to submit many such formal building regulations applications, instead notification is performed via their trade body.
Part Q. Security
In 2015 a new requirement, Part Q, came into force.[22]
Part Q requires minimum provision of security in a dwelling with reasonable provisions needing to have been made to resist unauthorised access to any dwelling or any part of a building from which access can be gained to a flat within the building.
Part R. Physical infrastructure for high speed electronic communications networks
Part R was introduced in 2016 and takes effect at the beginning of 2017. It requires "network termination points" in buildings to provide access to high-speed Internet access (Broadband) via fibre or copper. Minimum speed of 30 megabits/sec connection.
Part R was undated in 2022 to require new dwellings to have ultra-fast broadband (up to 1 Gigabit/Sec) connections.
Part R - Vol. 1 for new dwellings [Broadband]
Part R - Vol.2 for all other new buildings [Broadband]
Part S. Infrastructure for the charging of electric vehicles
From July 2022 new buildings and significant modifications to existing ones will need provision to charge electric cars.[23] The formal requirements are as follows
The erection of new residential buildings
S1.
(1) A new residential building with associated parking must have access to electric vehicle charge points as provided for in paragraph (2)
(2) The number of associated parking spaces which have access to electric vehicle charge points must be—(a)the total number of associated parking spaces, where there are fewer associated parking spaces than there are dwellings contained in the residential building; or(b)the number of associated parking spaces that is equal to the total number of dwellings contained in the residential building, where there are the same number of associated parking spaces as, or more associated parking spaces than, there are dwellings.
(3) Cable routes for electric vehicle charge points must be installed in any associated parking spaces which do not, in accordance with paragraph (2), have an electric vehicle charge point where—
(a) a new residential building has more than 10 associated parking spaces; and
(b) there are more associated parking spaces than there are dwellings contained in the residential building.
Dwellings resulting from a material change of use
S2. Where one or more dwellings with associated parking result from a building, or a part of a building, undergoing a material change of use at least one associated parking space for the use of each such dwelling must have access to an electric vehicle charge point.
Residential buildings undergoing major renovation
S3. Where a residential building undergoing major renovation will have more than 10 associated parking spaces after the major renovation is completed—
(a) at least one associated parking space for the use of each new dwelling must have access to an electric vehicle charge point;
(b) cable routes [ducts, etc.] for electric vehicle charge points must be installed in all additional associated parking spaces.
Exempt buildings
All new buildings, unless in one of the following exempt classes, must meet the relevant requirements of the Building Regulations. (See Reg. No. 3)
Class II: Buildings not frequented by people (unless close to an existing building).
Class III: Greenhouses and agricultural buildings (not used for retail).
Class IV: Temporary buildings (erected for less than 28 days).
Class V: Ancillary buildings.
Class VI: Small detached buildings (garages, garden storage sheds/huts) (less than 30 square metres floor area with no sleeping accommodation therein).
Class VII: Extensions – porches, covered ways, conservatories, (less than 30 square metres floor area).
The Building Regulations 2000 have been amended five times since the original statutory instrument was published. A new consolidated edition was published in 2010 – the Building Regulations 2010. These have also now been amended five times since 2010. It is good practice to have exemption confirmed by the relevant local authority prior to starting construction works or alterations.[citation needed] The latest statutory instrument gives the full conditions of exemptions (and any newly controlled buildings).
Crown buildings (national government buildings and military buildings) are no longer totally exempt from the English Building Regulations. All Crown buildings must comply with the energy efficiency measures set out in Part L.
This is due to EU laws requiring higher energy efficiency in all buildings (new and existing) under European climate change measures such as the EU Energy Performance of Buildings Directive.
EU law requires public buildings to be "good energy practice" examples[citation needed]. BREXIT laws have not altered this "good energy practice" requirement.
New energy regulations[citation needed] have been made to fully implement these EU laws, where they fall outside the scope of the building regulations.
Devolved administrations
Scotland
Minor updates to building safety regulations were presented to the Scottish Parliament in 2023.[24]
Wales
Updates to building safety regulations were presented to the National Assembly for Wales (in 2019) and the Senedd (in 2022).[25][26]
Northern Ireland
A series of recommendations regarding building regulations were described in a report to the Department for Communities, but this has not been implemented yet.[27]
An electrician is a tradesperson specializing in electrical wiring of buildings, transmission lines, stationary machines, and related equipment. Electricians may be employed in the installation of new electrical components or the maintenance and repair of existing electrical infrastructure. Electricians may also specialize in wiring ships, airplanes, and other mobile platforms, as well as data and cable lines.
The National House Building Council (NHBC), established in 1936, is the UK's largest provider of new home warranties. According to NHBC's website, around 80% of new homes built in the UK each year have an NHBC 10-year warranty. NHBC is also the UK's largest single Approved Inspector for Building Regulations. Its other activities include the provision of services linked to house building and general construction; including energy ratings, health and safety, sustainability, and training. It also provides industry statistics and benchmarking services.
The National Electrical Code (NEC), or NFPA 70, is a regionally adoptable standard for the safe installation of electrical wiring and equipment in the United States. It is part of the National Fire Code series published by the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), a private trade association. Despite the use of the term "national," it is not a federal law. It is typically adopted by states and municipalities in an effort to standardize their enforcement of safe electrical practices. In some cases, the NEC is amended, altered and may even be rejected in lieu of regional regulations as voted on by local governing bodies.
A building code is a set of rules that specify the standards for construction objects such as buildings and non-building structures. Buildings must conform to the code to obtain planning permission, usually from a local council. The main purpose of building codes is to protect public health, safety and general welfare as they relate to the construction and occupancy of buildings and structures — for example, the building codes in many countries require engineers to consider the effects of soil liquefaction in the design of new buildings. The building code becomes law of a particular jurisdiction when formally enacted by the appropriate governmental or private authority.
Electrical wiring in the United Kingdom is commonly understood to be an electrical installation for operation by end users within domestic, commercial, industrial, and other buildings, and also in special installations and locations, such as marinas or caravan parks. It does not normally cover the transmission or distribution of electricity to them.
Process Safety Managementof Highly Hazardous Chemicals is a regulation promulgated by the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). It defines and regulates a process safety management (PSM) program for plants using, storing, manufacturing, handling or carrying out on-site movement of hazardous materials above defined amount thresholds. Companies affected by the regulation usually build a compliant process safety management system and integrate it in their safety management system. Non-U.S. companies frequently choose on a voluntary basis to use the OSHA scheme in their business.
Lock out, tag out or lockout–tagout (LOTO) is a safety procedure used to ensure that dangerous equipment is properly shut off and not able to be started up again prior to the completion of maintenance or repair work. It requires that hazardous energy sources be "isolated and rendered inoperative" before work is started on the equipment in question. The isolated power sources are then locked and a tag is placed on the lock identifying the worker and reason the LOTO is placed on it. The worker then holds the key for the lock, ensuring that only they can remove the lock and start the equipment. This prevents accidental startup of equipment while it is in a hazardous state or while a worker is in direct contact with it.
Noise regulation includes statutes or guidelines relating to sound transmission established by national, state or provincial and municipal levels of government. After the watershed passage of the United States Noise Control Act of 1972, other local and state governments passed further regulations.
The Building Act 1984 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom consolidating previous legislation concerning the construction process, and the design and specifications for buildings and their component parts, and related matters, in England and Wales. The Welsh Government may make its own building regulations for Wales under this Act.
Building insulation is material used in a building to reduce the flow of thermal energy. While the majority of insulation in buildings is for thermal purposes, the term also applies to acoustic insulation, fire insulation, and impact insulation. Often an insulation material will be chosen for its ability to perform several of these functions at once.
An electrical code is a term for a set of regulations for the design and installation of electrical wiring in a building. The intention of such regulations is to provide standards to ensure electrical wiring systems are safe for people and property, protecting them from electrical shock and fire hazards. They are usually based on a model code produced by a national or international standards organisation.
The Code for Sustainable Homes was an environmental assessment method for rating and certifying the performance of new homes in United Kingdom. First introduced in 2006, it is a national standard for use in the design and construction of new homes with a view to encouraging continuous improvement in sustainable home building. In 2015 the Government in England withdrew it, consolidating some standards into Building Regulations.
The history of fire safety legislation in the United Kingdom formally covers the period from the formation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland in 1801 but is founded in the history of such legislation in England and Wales, and Scotland before 1708, and that of the Kingdom of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800.
Cellulose insulation is plant fiber used in wall and roof cavities to insulate, draught proof and reduce noise. Building insulation in general is low-thermal-conductivity material used to reduce building heat loss and gain and reduce noise transmission.
Energy performance certificates (EPCs) are a rating scheme to summarise the energy efficiency of buildings. The building is given a rating between A - G (Inefficient). The EPC will also include tips about the most cost-effective ways to improve the home energy rating. Energy performance certificates are used in many countries.
The Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers is an international professional engineering association based in London, England that represents building services engineers. It is a full member of the Construction Industry Council, and is consulted by government on matters relating to construction, engineering and sustainability. It is also licensed by the Engineering Council to assess candidates for inclusion on its Register of Professional Engineers.
A building control body is an organisation authorised to control building work that is subject to the Building Regulations in England and Wales (similar systems are provided in Northern Ireland, and in Scotland where the term 'building standards' is used. Such regulations or standards are also known as building codes in other parts of the world.
Office space planning is the process of organizing the workplace layout, furniture and office functions to work effectively together, while using space efficiently. Floor plans should consider the workgroup function, building codes and regulations, lighting, teaming requirements, inter-communication and storage, as well as zoning for employee workstations, task space needs, support rooms and reception areas to make the best use of available space. Optimising office spaces with effective space planning can aid circulation, productivity and improve workplace wellness, as well as the health and safety of occupants.
Robust Details Limited (RDL) was formed in December 2003 in response to the housebuilding industry’s request for an alternative to pre-completion sound testing (PCT) as a means of satisfying the sound insulation requirements of the building regulations.
The United Kingdom cladding crisis, also known as the cladding scandal, is an ongoing social crisis that followed the Grenfell Tower fire of 14 June 2017 and the Bolton Cube fire of 15 November 2019. The fires revealed that large numbers of buildings had been clad in dangerously combustible materials, comprising a combination of flammable cladding and/or flammable insulation.
Most of the detailed information on the building regulations is now available on http://www.planningportal.gov.uk where members of the public can now access simplified building regulations guidance and where professional users have a better organised version of what was previously on the DCLG building legislation and building regulations web pages, including the Approved Documents and associated guidance.
The new DCLG web pages (now found within the gov.uk website) still gives the professional user detailed information on the scope and extent of the building regulations system, in England. The DCLG web pages also hold DCLG policy papers, background papers, research papers and consultation documents on proposed amendments to both the building regulations and Approved Documents.
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