Bulbine bulbosa

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Bulbine lily
Bulbine bulbosa flower.jpg
Bulbine bulbosa near Hobart
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Asphodelaceae
Subfamily: Asphodeloideae
Genus: Bulbine
Species:
B. bulbosa
Binomial name
Bulbine bulbosa
Synonyms [1]
  • Anthericum bulbosumR.Br.
  • Blephanthera depressa Raf. nom. illeg.
  • Blephanthera hookeriRaf.
  • Bulbine australis Spreng. nom. illeg.
  • Bulbine fraseri Kunth
  • Bulbinopsis bulbosa(R.Br.) Borzi
  • Phalangium bulbosum (R.Br.) Kuntze
  • Anthericum bulbosum auct. non R.Br.: Hooker, W.J. in Hooker, W.J. (ed.) (1830)

Bulbine bulbosa, commonly known as bulbine lily, native leek, golden lily, or native onion, [2] is a species of flowering plant in the family Asphodelaceae and is endemic to Australia. It is a perennial herb with thick roots, channelled leaves, and yellow flowers with hairy stamen filaments.

Contents

Description

Bulbine bulbosa is a perennial herb that grows in tufts 27–75 cm (11–30 in) high with thick, fleshy roots and usually a bulb-like tuber. There are between three and seven leaves, channelled to more or less cylindrical, tapering and hollow, up to 30 cm (12 in) long and 1–5 mm (0.039–0.197 in) wide. The flowers are borne in racemes 4.5–26 cm (1.8–10.2 in) long with up to fifty fragrant flowers on one or two scapes 19–50 cm (7.5–19.7 in) long. Each flower is on a pedicel 5–30 mm (0.20–1.18 in) long with a bract 0.7–15 mm (0.028–0.591 in) long at the base. The six tepals are yellow, 9–22 mm (0.35–0.87 in) long and 1–3.5 mm (0.039–0.138 in) wide, and the stamens are 8–9 mm (0.31–0.35 in) long with golden-brown, club-shaped hairs on the filaments, and gold-coloured anthers. Flowering occurs from February to March and the fruit is a more or less spherical to oval capsule 3–6 mm (0.12–0.24 in) long. [2] [3] [4]

Taxonomy

This species was first formally described in 1810 by Robert Brown who gave it the name Anthericum bulbosa in his Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae et Insulae Van Diemen . [5] [6] In 1821, Adrian Hardy Haworth changed the name to Bulbine bulbosa in Revisiones Plantarum Succulentarum. [7] The specific epithet (bulbosa) means "bulb", although the species does not form true bulbs. [8]

The taxon may be a complex of up to four distinct species. [9]

Distribution and habitat

Bulbine bulbosa is found in all Australian states and the Australian Capital Territory, except for Western Australia and the Northern Territory. It grows in a wide range of habitats but usually in damp places in grassland, woodland and forest, sometimes at altitudes above 1,800 m (5,900 ft). [2] [3] [4]

Ecology

Experiments have shown that the ability of self-sown seeds of B. bulbosa to germinate between tufts of grasses of several species, depends on the species of grass and the gap width between the tufts. The experiments were performed to test the performance of the B. bulbosa in habitat reconstruction programs in south-eastern Australia. [10]

Uses

Bush food

The corms of mature plants are nutritious, containing calcium and iron, and were used as food by Aboriginal people, [11] who called it parm, puewan, and pike. They regarded the corms as the sweetest-tasting of the lily and lily-like Australian plants. [8]

Use in horticulture

The long-lasting stalks of fragrant, attractive yellow flowers and its moderate frost-hardiness have encouraged its use as a garden flower in suitable areas. Few garden varieties have been developed, however. The plant can be propagated from seeds or by division of the corm. Seeds are released from the ripened seed capsules and are best kept at least a month or two before use. They should be sown in the spring, and germination takes about 35 days. Watering and good drainage are essential. [8]

The species suppresses self-fertilization, so collecting seeds from garden-grown plants may result in low germination. [12] Planting seeds from multiple sources may increase yield. [10]

Toxicity

The plant is said to cause scouring if eaten by sheep or cattle. [2] [13] [14]

Related Research Articles

<i>Calypso bulbosa</i> Species of orchid

Calypso is a genus of orchids containing one species, Calypso bulbosa, known as the calypso orchid, fairy slipper or Venus's slipper. It is a perennial member of the orchid family found in undisturbed northern and montane forests. It has a small pink, purple, pinkish-purple, or red flower accented with a white lip, darker purple spottings, and yellow beard. The genus Calypso takes its name from the Greek signifying concealment, as they tend to favor sheltered areas on conifer forest floors. The specific epithet, bulbosa, refers to the bulb-like corms.

<i>Blandfordia grandiflora</i> Species of flowering plant

Blandfordia grandiflora, commonly known as Christmas bells, is a flowering plant endemic to eastern Australia. It is a tufted perennial herb with narrow, channelled, linear leaves and between two and twenty large, drooping, bell-shaped flowers. The flowers are red with yellow tips, or sometimes entirely yellow. It is one of four species of Blandfordia known as Christmas bells, this one growing on the coast and nearby ranges between Sydney in New South Wales and Fraser Island in Queensland.

<i>Bulbine</i> Genus of flowering plants in the family Asphodelaceae

Bulbine is a genus of plants in the family Asphodelaceae and subfamily Asphodeloideae, named for the bulb-shaped tuber of many species. It was formerly placed in the Liliaceae. It is found chiefly in Southern Africa, with a few species extending into tropical Africa and a few others in Australia and Yemen.

<i>Stypandra glauca</i> Species of plant

Stypandra glauca, commonly known as the nodding blue lily, is a flowering plant in the family Asphodelaceae. It is a rhizomatous perennial plant with blue lily-like flowers with yellow stamens. It is widespread across southern areas of Australia.

<i>Dianella revoluta</i> Species of flowering plant

Dianella revoluta, commonly known as blueberry lily, blue flax-lily, or black-anther flax-lily, a species of flowering plant in the family Asphodelaceae and is endemic to, and widespread in Australia. It is a tufted, perennial herb with grass-like leaves and up to nine blue or violet flowers with six tepals, and stamens with bright yellow filaments and pale brown to almost black anthers.

<i>Conostylis aculeata</i> Species of flowering plant

Conostylis aculeata, commonly known as prickly conostylis, is a flowering, tufted perennial plant in the family Haemodoraceae. It has flat leaves and yellow, hairy, tubular flowers. It is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia.

<i>Teucrium corymbosum</i> Species of flowering plant

Teucrium corymbosum, commonly known as forest germander, is a species of flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae and is native to Australia and New Guinea. It is a perennial herb or subshrub densely covered with glands and with narrow egg-shaped leaves usually with toothed edges, and groups of mostly up to ten white flowers.

<i>Solanum cinereum</i> Species of flowering plant

Solanum cinereum, commonly known as Narrawa burr, is a species of flowering plant in the family Solanaceae. It has dark green, spiny leaves and purple flowers and grows in open woodland in south eastern Australia.

<i>Patersonia sericea</i> Species of flowering plant

Patersonia sericea, commonly known as purple flag or silky purple-flag is a species of plant in the iris family Iridaceae and is endemic to eastern Australia. It is a densely-tufted perennial herb with linear, sword-shaped leaves, broadly egg-shaped, bluish-violet tepals and an oval capsule.

<i>Microtis parviflora</i> Species of orchid

Microtis parviflora, commonly known as the slender onion-orchid, is a species of orchid which is native to Australia and New Zealand. It occurs in all states of Australia but is not known from the Northern Territory and may not occur in Western Australia. As with others in the genus, it has a single erect, smooth, tubular leaf and up to eighty flowers on an erect flower spike.

<i>Veronica calycina</i> Species of flowering plant in the family Plantaginaceae

Veronica calycina, commonly known as hairy speedwell or cup speedwell, is a flowering plant in the family Plantaginaceae. It is a trailing perennial with dark green leaves, purple-blue flowers and is endemic to Australia.

<i>Lomandra multiflora</i> Species of plant in Asparagaceae family

Lomandra multiflora, also commonly known as many-flowered mat rush, mat rush and many flowered mat-lily, is a perennial, rhizomatous herb found in Australia and Papua New Guinea. The mat rush is distributed widely in the region and common within its preferred growing conditions. Its conservation status is considered not to be of concern and risk.

<i>Dianella longifolia</i> Perennial herb

Dianella longifolia, commonly known as blueberry lily, pale flax lily or smooth flax lily, or blue flax-lily, is a species of flowering plant in the family Asphodelaceae and is endemic to non-arid areas of Australia. It is a tufted, rhizomatous, perennial herb with grass-like leaves, pale blue, white or greenish flowers that have pale yellow anthers, and shiny, pale blue berries.

<i>Tricoryne elatior</i> Species of plant

Tricoryne elatior is a species of flowering plant in the family Asphodelaceae, native to Australia, and found in all its states and territories.

<i>Goodenia coerulea</i> Species of plant

Goodenia coerulea is a species of flowering plant in the family Goodeniaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is an erect, perennial shrub or biennial herb shrub with linear leaves at the base of the plant, sometimes with a few teeth on the edges, racemes of blue flowers and oval fruit.

<i>Goodenia rotundifolia</i> Species of plant

Goodenia rotundifolia is a species of flowering plant in the family Goodeniaceae and is endemic to eastern Australia. It is a prostrate to erect perennial herb with more or less round, toothed leaves and racemes of yellow flowers.

<i>Patersonia glabrata</i> Species of plant in the family Iridaceae

Patersonia glabrata, commonly known as leafy purple-flag, or bugulbi in the Cadigal language, is a species of flowering plant in the family Iridaceae and is endemic to eastern Australia. It is a perennial herb or subshrub with linear leaves and pale violet flowers.

<i>Johnsonia lupulina</i> Species of flowering plant

Johnsonia lupulina, common known as hooded lily, is a plant in the family Asphodelaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a rhizomatous, tufted, clump-forming perennial with creamy-white flowers.

<i>Caesia calliantha</i> Species of flowering plant

Caesia calliantha, commonly known as the blue grass lily or blue star lily, is a species of herbaceous flowering plant. It is a member of the Asphodelaceae family, subfamily Hemerocallidoideae, native to Australia found predominantly along the East coast in Victoria, New South Wales, South Australia and Tasmania.

<i>Goodenia perfoliata</i> Species of plant

Goodenia perfoliata is a species of flowering plant in the family Goodeniaceae and is endemic to a small area of New South Wales. It is a mostly glabrous, perennial herb with erect flowering stems, lance-shaped leaves with sometimes deeply-toothed edges, and yellow flowers with bracteoles joined to form a disc-like funnel.

References

  1. 1 2 "Bulbine bulbosa". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 1 June 2021.
  2. 1 2 3 4 "Bulbine bulbosa". Royal Botanic Garden Sydney. Retrieved 1 June 2021.
  3. 1 2 "Bulbine bulbosa". Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. Retrieved 1 June 2021.
  4. 1 2 "Bulbine bulbosa". State Herbarium of South Australia. Retrieved 1 June 2021.
  5. "Anthericum bulbosa". APNI. Retrieved 1 June 2021.
  6. Brown, Robert (1810). Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae. London. Retrieved 1 June 2021.
  7. "Bulbine bulbosa". APNI. Retrieved 1 June 2021.
  8. 1 2 3 Vivian, Lyndsey. "Bulbine bulbosa". Australian National Botanic Gardens. Retrieved 1 June 2021.
  9. Cytoevolutionary studies in the genus Bulbine Wolf (Liliaceae). I. The Australian perennial taxa (B. bulbosa s.l.)
  10. 1 2 The mechanism of self-sterility in Bulbine bulbosa: self-incompatibility or inbreeding depression. Archived September 12, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
  11. Isaacs, J. 1987. Bush Food: Aboriginal Food and Herbal Medicine. Weldon, Sydney, Australia.
  12. Facilitated autogamy and costs of selfing in the perennial herb Bulbine bulbosa (Asphodelaceae).
  13. Plants for a Future - Bulbine bulbosa
  14. Everist, S.L. (1981). Poisonous Plants of Australia (revised ed.). Sydney: Angus & Robertson. p. 504.